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BAYFERROX 318

Bayferrox 318 is an iron oxide black pigment. Bayferrox 318 is delivered as powder and can be applied for the coloration of a wide variety of construction materials. The product is manufactured using the Laux-process which stands for high quality and application advantages.

BAYFERROX 318

CAS No. : 1317-61-9
EC No. : 215-277-5

Synonyms:
BAYFERROX® 318; B FE 318; BAYFERROX 318; Iron oxide Pigment 318; BAYFERROX® 318 M; Iron oxide; Triiron tetraoxide; Iron Oxide, PB11 (77499); Black Iron Oxide Pigment; Iron oxide(II,III), magnetic nanoparticles solution; PEG modified Mn-Zn Ferrite (methoxyl group terminal); tri-iron tetroxide; Black Ferric Oxide; Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles; APTS@ Fe2O3 Nanoparticles; Magnetic polystyrene nanosphere; Nanoparticles,Triiron tetraoxide; PEI coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles; ferrous ferric oxide; ferroso ferric oxide; iron(II,III) oxide; magnetite; black iron oxide; lodestone; rust; iron(II) diiron(III) oxide; Iron(II,III)oxide; Fe3O4; 12227-89-3; karbon siyahı 215-609-9; 1333-86-4 karbon siyahı; 215-609-9 karbon siyahı; 1333-86-4 HOSTAJET BLACK OPT; HOSTAJET BLACK OPT; Hostajet black opt; hostajet black op-t; carbon black hostajet black op-t; carbon black hostajet black opt; karbon siyahı; carbon black; Carbon Black; acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black; Toka Black 7100F; Mitsubishi 2400; Plasblak PE 2648; Seast 9; BASIS PIGMENT BLACK 7; Bayferrox 318; SRF-N 770; Diablack MA 800; Niteron 200; Carbon Black N330; Carbon Black 2000; Diablack MA 220; NIPX 60; Monarch Black 1300; MT Carbon; Printex XE; MT; 7861D; Diablack N 550M; N 110; S 170; Monarch 1000; HTC 20S; Spheron 5000A; Rebonex HS; HT 1500C; Sterling 2320; GF 20; Vulcan M; PME 80V; MT-N 990; New Lacqutimine Black FLPR; SD 9020; MA 10 (carbon); Sevacarb SC-N 990; Raven 1060B; Farbruss FW 18; Seast 900A; MA 7; Microlith Black C-K; V4; RCC 6; Printex 70; Denka Acetylene Black CBA; HG 3; Witcoblack 100; Ecorax 1720; SD 9139; Black Pearls 1300; Iron Oxide Black; Iron (II,III) oxide; Bayferrox 318; Iron(II,III) oxide, CP; oxoiron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron; IRON PIGMENT BLACK (E172); S350; Bayferrox 318; Iron(II,III) oxide, powder, <5 mum, 95%; Iron(II,III) oxide, 99.99% trace metals basis; Q411235; Iron oxide(II,III), magnetic nanoparticles solution, 5 nm avg. part. size, 5 mg/mL in H2O; Iron(II,III) oxide, nanopowder, 50-100 nm particle size (SEM), 97% trace metals basis; BAYFERROX 318; 120899-48-1; Iron oxide(II,III), magnetic nanoparticles solution, 10 nm avg. part. size (TEM), amine functionalized, 1 mg/mL Fe in H2O, dispersion


Bayferrox 318

Bayferrox 318 is an iron oxide black pigment. Bayferrox 318 is delivered as powder and can be applied for the coloration of a wide variety of construction materials. The product is manufactured using the Laux-process which stands for high quality and application advantages.

Product Information
Brand
BAYFERROX®
Molecular Formula
Fe3O4
Product Group
Color Pigments
Color
Black
Delivery Form
Powder
Molar weight
231.6
Color Index
77499.0000
REACH
01-2119457646-28-0000
CAS (CAS Number)
1317-61-9
Packaging Format
Grades are delivered in different packaging materials. Please ask your local contact about the packaging for the grade in question

Product Applications
Paving Stones
Plaster
Construction material
Facade Elements
Fibre Cement
Screed
Mortar
Noise Barriers
Concrete Roofing Tiles
Construction
In Situ Concrete

Bayferrox 318 M is a micronized iron oxide black pigment. It belongs to the product range of High Performance Pigments and fulfills the higher requirements necessary in the paint and coating industry. In addition it is also applied in the plastic industry in the field of Wood Plastic Composites. The product has well-balanced properties concerning dispersibility, applicable heat resistance, shade and tinting strength.

BAYFERROX 318 M by Lanxess is a micronized iron oxide black pigment. It is a high performance pigment. Used in automotive coating, corrosion protection, decorative paints, floorings and emulsion paints. BAYFERROX 318 M is also suitable for industrial coatings, plastic coatings, roof tile coatings and wood coatings.

About Bayferrox 318
Helpful information
Bayferrox 318 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.

Bayferrox 318 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners and laboratory chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Article service life
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal). Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints). Bayferrox 318 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines). Bayferrox 318 can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products, adsorbents, metal surface treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following areas: building & construction work, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and printing and recorded media reproduction.

Bayferrox 318 is used for the manufacture of: furniture, plastic products, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and rubber products.
Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Formulation or re-packing
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: inks and toners and coating products.
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.

Bayferrox 318 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).

Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Bayferrox 318 APPLICATIONS:
Plastics: Low temperature processing polymers and non-oxidizing process conditions
Coatings: Liquid architectural and industrial coatings
Industrial: Cement and concrete

Origin and History
Bayferrox 318 is a recent development in modern pigments and was unknown in artists' palettes before the nineteenth century.

Source
The source of Bayferrox 318 usually is from an iron ore called magnetite. Magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a ferrous ferric oxide (ferrosic oxide) that is a heavy, black color and opaque. Theoretically, black iron oxide contains slightly more iron metal than red oxide but not nearly as much as yellow oxide. The native mineral may contain varying amounts of manganese, sulfur, clay and silica.

Permanence and Compatibility
Bayferrox 318 is absolutely permanent colors for all uses on the artist's palette. It is compatible with all other pigments, and can be used with good results in all mediums.

Oil Absorption and Grinding
Bayferrox 318 absorbs a moderately low amount of oil. The oil absorption ratio is 10–15 parts by weight of linseed oil to 100 parts by weight of pigment. If the measurement were grams, it would require 100 grams (by weight) of pigment to grind 10 to 15 grams (by weight) of linseed oil to form a stiff paste. It makes an average drying oil paint, and forms a hard, fairly flexible film.

Toxicity
Bayferrox 318 is not considered toxic, but care should be used in handling the dry powder pigment to avoid inhaling the dust.

Bayferrox 318 is an iron oxide pigment developed in the 20th century. Also known under the names of black iron oxide, magnetic oxide, Pigment Black 11, and ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4),[1] it has no known health hazards[2] and is considered non-toxic, with an ASTM lightfastness rating of I. Bayferrox 318 is more opaque and less toxic than other black pigments.[3] Artists' paint manufacturers have rated it one of the most satisfactory black pigments for acrylic paints with regard to opacity, lightfastness, and permanence.[4][5] Bayferrox 318 takes its name from Mars, the god of war and patron of iron.


A process for the production of a black Bayferrox 318 pigment from Fe2O3 hematite Bayferrox 318 which may be an impure oxide produced by the “Ruthner” process or by other means, or which may be a mineral hematite. The process may be used to upgrade poor quality synthetic or natural hematite, or to improve their performance as red pigments, by conversion to Bayferrox 318 with subsequent oxidation of the magnetite so produced back to hematite. The process uses a low temperature aqueous slurry reaction in which the hematite is contacted with a soluble source of Fe(II) ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert the same to Fe3O4.

This invention relates to a process for the production of black Bayferrox 318 pigments and, more particularly, to the production of black Bayferrox 318 pigment from hematite.

Pigmentary black Bayferrox 318 has the formula Fe3O4 and a cubic crystal structure typical of a magnetite. It may be used, for example, in the pigmentation of building materials such as concrete, mortar, plaster of Paris, roofing tiles, paving bricks, artificial stone products or other similar products.

A great quantity of somewhat impure iron (II) chloride is produced as a by-product in the steel pickling industry and it would be of value to utilise this by-product as a raw material. According to the well known “Ruthner”, or “spray-roast”, process pickle mill waste aqueous iron chloride is converted into an Bayferrox 318 having the formula Fe2O3 and a hexagonal crystal structure typical of a hematite by a spray-roasting process. The product of such a process and raw material is a red pigment having an appreciable content of chloride and of a wide range of other impurities. Typically this product may contain more than 90% by weight of Fe2O3, a restricted quantity of FeO, for example from 0.005% to 0.5% by weight, a substantial quantity of chloride ion, for example from 0.002% to 1% of more, possibly up to 5% by weight, an appreciable quantity of Mn2O3, for example from 0.1% to 1% by weight as well as, usually, oxides of some or all of aluminium, chromium, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, copper, arsenic and vanadium and oxides also of calcium silicon and phosphorus and a content of carbon.

It would be a useful contribution to the pigments industry to enable the production of a black Bayferrox 318 from a natural or synthetic hematite. However, hematite can be a relatively unreactive material and no aqueous slurry process enabling this has been known. Both natural mineral hematite and synthetic spray-roast hematite have passed through a period of elevated temperature which induces a degree of inertness due to calcination.

French Patent No. 2244716-A of Ruthner Akt. describes the production of a black Bayferrox 318 pigment powder from Fe2O3 prepared by the thermal dissociation of an iron chloride solution by means of a high temperature solid-vapour reaction comprising heat treatment under oxidising, reducing or neutral conditions at a temperature above 400° C. and then heat treatment under reducing conditions at a temperature under 550° C. The product is Fe3O4 having a magnetite structure containing 0.02% chloride. This product is then ground in a vibratory mill to give a particle size substantially below 0.045 mm.

The present invention provides an alternative process for the production of a black Bayferrox 318 pigment from Fe2O3 hematite Bayferrox 318, which may have been produced by the “Ruthner” process or by other means, or which may be a mineral hematite. The process may be used to reconvert poor quality synthetic or natural hematites to black Bayferrox 318 or to improve their performance as red pigments by conversion to Bayferrox 318 and subsequent oxidation of the magnetite so produced back to hematite. The process of the present invention uses a low temperature aqueous slurry reaction.

The present invention provides a process for the production of black Bayferrox 318 pigment from Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure the process being characterised in that the hematite is contacted with a soluble source of Fe(II) ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions and in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert the same to Fe3O4.

It has been found that the strength of the Bayferrox 318 may be very considerably enhanced by the introduction of a quantity of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions, for example ferric sulphate, into the aqueous alkaline medium as is shown in Examples 5a to 5C and 6a to 6c below.

In the practice of the invention the Bayferrox 318 having a hematite structure is preferably a spray-roast product produced from iron chloride as described above. Such a product will normally be in the form of particles of which at least 50% by weight are at least 5 micrometers, for example from 5 to 20 micrometers in diameter.


It has also been found that the strength of the Bayferrox 318 may be enhanced, when a hematite derived by the roasting of iron chlorides is used as the starting material, by using a hematite having an initially high free iron(II) chloride content even though the said chloride content is reduced prior to processing according to the invention to reduce corrosiveness towards processing equipment. Such an initial content of iron (II) chloride may be, for example, at least 25, preferably at least 50, and for example up to 150 g/kg, expressed as Cl—. The iron (II) may be reduced by precipitation as the hydroxide by means of a dilute alkali wash and the chloride removed by decantation or other removal of the mother liquor. The precipitated iron hydroxide may stay with the hematite during the further processing according to the invention. The invention does not exclude the possibility that the presence of the iron hydroxide may itself be the beneficial feature and the preference for a high chloride content in the starting hematite is therefore expressed herein, in the alternative, as a preference for the corresponding content of iron hydroxide, for example at least 10 g/kg expressed as the hydroxyl ion, in the hematite without, necessarily, any limitation to a particular source of the iron hydroxide. Preferably the residual chloride content of the Bayferrox 318 is not more than 0.1 for example from 0.01 to 0.8 g/l of the suspension. This feature is illustrated in Examples 4a, 4b and 4c hereafter.

Although the process described herein is mainly envisaged for the production of a Bayferrox 318, the magnetite product may in turn be used to prepare red pigment, i.e. hematite, by thermal or hydrothermal oxidation. The invention does not exclude the use of the product Bayferrox 318s in applications in which non-pigmentary properties are availed of, for example magnetic properties, and the scope of protection of the claims attached hereto should be construed accordingly.

The strength and colour tone of black Bayferrox 318 pigment may be assessed by known test methods with the results expressed using the CIELAB colour system by the colour coordinates L*, a* and b*. The L* coordinate expresses the black strength of the pigment on a scale of 0 to 100 with the lower values indicating the stronger black tone. References herein to the strength of Bayferrox 318 are intended to refer to the value of the L* coordinate. The a* coordinate expresses the red/green tone of the pigment with the higher values indicating stronger red tone and lower values indicating stronger green tone. The b* coordinate expresses the yellow/blue tone of the pigment with the higher values indicating stronger yellow tone and lower values indicating stronger blue tone. In the case of a strong black Bayferrox 318 pigment the L* coordinate may lie in the approximate range of 50 to 60 and the a* and b* coordinates may lie in the approximate range of 0 to 10.

The invention according to the invention is be illustrated by means of the following Examples 1 to 6 which are repetitions of the process of the present invention using varied procedural features.

The colour coordinates were determined by milling a standard mixture of the test pigment with a white Portland Cement, tabletting the mixture and measuring the surface reflectance using a Minolta CM-5081 spectrophotometer. Examples l to 5 used identical test procedures but Example 6 used a slightly different test procedure and, while the results are internally consistent within that Example, they are not precisely comparable with those of Examples 1 to 5.

So that a comparison may be made with commercially available black Bayferrox 318 pigments the colour coordinates of commercial pigments, namely Bayferrox 330 from Bayer AG and Duploxide 77 from Silo SpA, were determined by the method of Examples 1 to 5 and, in the case of the latter pigment, also by the method of Example 6. Bayferrox 330 and Duploxide 77 are Trade Names. The results of these tests were as follows:

In Example 1 a standard preparation was used in which a suspension of Bayferrox 318 having a hematite crystal structure, produced by a spray-roast process from steel etching waste ferrous chloride and having the particle size distribution of at least 90% by weight below 20 microns was prepared at a concentration of 95 g/l and held in suspension by stirring at a rotor tip speed of 1.57 m/s (500 rpm) at a temperature of 92° C. Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate was added as a solution having a concentration of 450 g/l to give a Fe(II) to Fe(III) ratio of 0.49. NaOH was added over an addition time of 10 minutes at a concentration of 400 g/l to give a pH of 8 to 8.2. After the addition of the NaOH the reaction mixture was held at the same temperature for a further period of time of at least 4 hours. The product of this standard preparation gave the colour coordinates L* 57.8, a* 2.8 and b* 4.8.

In Example 2 the rotor tip speed was increased to 2.82 m/s (900 rpm) and the colour coordinates were L* 56.2, a* 3.1 and b* 4.9.

It is seen that increasing the agitation energy reduced the L* coordinate of the product.

In Examples 3a to 3c the hematite Bayferrox 318 was unmilled, was dry milled using a Circoplex (Trade Mark) mill and was wet milled using a Discoplex (Trade Mark) mill. The size distributions of these Bayferrox 318s were at least 90% by weight under 20 microns for the unmilled oxide and at least 90% by weight under 10 microns for the milled oxides. After the addition of the NaOH the reaction mixtures were held at the same temperature for 4 hours for the unmilled Bayferrox 318 [Ex.3(a)], 4 hours 15 minutes for the dry milled Bayferrox 318 and only 2 hours 50 minutes for the wet milled Bayferrox 318.


What is claimed is:
1. A process for production of black Bayferrox 318 (Fe3O4) pigment from Bayferrox 318 having a hematite crystal structure comprising contacting a hematite with a soluble source of Fe(II) ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert said hematite to Fe3O4.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ratio of soluble Fe(II) to Fe(III) content of the hematite is at least 0.25.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least 1 g/l of a soluble source of Fe(III), based on the quantity of the soluble source of Fe(II), is present.

4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soluble source of Fe(II) ions is included in the aqueous alkaline medium as a solution of copper as having a concentration of from 450 g/l to a solubility limit.

5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure is milled before incorporation in the aqueous alkaline medium.

6. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein a particle size distribution of the milled Bayferrox 318 is at least 90% by weight under 10 microns.

7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a suspension stabilizer is included in the Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure.

8. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the stabilizer is a phosphate stabilizer.

9. The process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the phosphate stabilizer is present in at least 50 mg/l of the alkaline aqueous medium.

10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure is agitated by stirring at a rotor tip speed
of more than 0.3 m/second and up to 2 m/second during addition of the aqueous alkaline medium.

11. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure is treated to reduce a content of chloride therein and in the aqueous alkaline medium.

12. The process as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reduced chloride content is less than 0.1 g/l of the aqueous alkaline medium.

13. The process as claimed in claim 11, wherein the Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure has an initial content of iron(II) chloride of at least 25 g/kg.

14. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Bayferrox 318 having the hematite structure contains iron hydroxide in at least 10 g/kg, expressed as a hydroxide ion.

15. A process for production of red Bayferrox 318 having a hematite crystal structure, wherein the Fe3O4 pigment is produced from Bayferrox 318 having a hematite crystal structure comprising the steps of contacting a hematite with a soluble source of Fe2 ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe3 ions in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert the hematite to Fe3O4, and wherein the Fe3O4 is then oxidized by thermal or hydrothermal oxidation.

Bayferrox 318 is not just ultra-dark and broody … Read on, try it out and discover the superpowers hidden inside!
This oxide powder has high colour purity and contains iron metallic derivatives. Ideal for using in the formulation of paints, plastics, coatings, inks.

When developed into a coating, this pigment will not bleed. It is a UV stable product, so it won’t fade over time.

For applications where colour is not a key player, the scientific properties of iron oxide pigments is where this ingredient stands out most. Resistant to chemical degradation, Bayferrox 318’s suitable for safety applications. Durable in harsh weather conditions, this means repairs or touch ups aren’t necessary, and your costs can remain low.

However, if you decide colour does play an important role in your finished product, this pigment would create a fantastic utilitarian, industrial look in building applications such as the manufacture of concrete.
Maybe you’d prefer a brighter look? Try our pink, red or even yellow shaded pigments. Check out our full range of oxide pigments here.
Like our Carbon Black Oxide Pigment, Bayferrox 318 can stain. Handling can be messy so be careful!

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