BOSSEOPENTAENOIC ACID

CAS NUMBER: 80-05-7

EC NUMBER: 201-245-8

MOLECULAR FORMULA: (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 228.29

Bosseopentaenoic acid is a natural product found in Bossiella orbigniana, Anadyomene stellata, and Lithothamnion corallioides.
Bosseopentaenoic acid has been used as a standard reference material to investigate the Bosseopentaenoic acid content from glass or Pasteur pipettes in biological liquids from maternal women using high performance liquid chromatography.,

Bosseopentaenoic acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid can be extracted from the red coralline algae, Bossiella orbigniana.

The first total synthesis of Bosseopentaenoic acid by consecutive palladium-catalyzed reactions was reported in 2011.
In 2017, bosseopentaenoic acid was obtained from the ester hydrolysis of methyl Bosseopentaenoic acid in good yield using mild condition and the synthesis of its sulfur-bridged analogue of BPA; thiophene analogue was achieved.

In this study, Bosseopentaenoic acid with respect to their antioxidant activity was accomplished. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid was shown that the rigidified analogue; the thiophene analogue exhibited higher free radical scavenging potential than the bosseopentaenoic acid. 

The results showed that by lowering the flexibility of the Bosseopentaenoic acid as lead compound by incorporation thiophene ring in its structure, an increased antioxidant activity was observed. 
This study opens the door to investigate the relationship between the flexibility of other Bosseopentaenoic acid and enhancement in the biological activity.

Bosseopentaenoic acid are fatty acids which contains more than one double bond.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid can extract from the red coralline algae.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. 

In physiological literature, Bosseopentaenoic acid is given the name 20:5(n-3). 
Bosseopentaenoic acid also has the trivial name timnodonic acid. 

In chemical structure, Bosseopentaenoic acid is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and five cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that acts as a precursor for prostaglandin-3 (which inhibits platelet aggregation), thromboxane-3, and leukotriene-5 eicosanoids. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is both a precursor and the hydrolytic breakdown product of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is the natural form. 

Basically, all supplements sold at present are in Bosseopentaenoic acid form and some in ethyl ester and phospholipid form. 
However, some bioavailability of Bosseopentaenoic acid in the lysophosphatidylcholine form is more efficient than triglyceride and phosphatidylcholines (PC) according to a 2020 study.

Bosseopentaenoic acid is obtained in the human diet by eating oily fish or fish oil, e.g., cod liver, herring, mackerel, salmon, menhaden and sardine and various types of edible algae. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is also found in human breast milk.

Bosseopentaenoic acid from fatty acids found in their alimentation or obtain it from the algae they consume.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is not usually found in higher plants, but it has been reported in trace amounts in purslane. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid was reported that a genetically modified form of the plant camelina produced significant amounts of EPA.
The human body converts a portion of absorbed alpha-linolenic acid to Bosseopentaenoic acid. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is itself an essential fatty acid, and humans need an appropriate supply of it. 
The efficiency of the conversion of Bosseopentaenoic acid, however, is much lower than the absorption of EPA from food containing it. 

Because Bosseopentaenoic acid is also a precursor to docosahexaenoic acid, ensuring a sufficient level of EPA on a diet containing neither EPA nor DHA is harder both because of the extra metabolic work required to synthesize EPA and because of the use of EPA to metabolize into DHA. 
Medical conditions like diabetes or certain allergies may significantly limit the human body's capacity for metabolization of Bosseopentaenoic acid from ALA.

The biosynthesis of Bosseopentaenoic acid in prokaryotes and eukaryotes involves polyketide synthase. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid includes six enzymes namely, 3-ketoacyl synthase, 2 ketoacyl-ACP-reductase, dehydrase, enoyl reductase, dehydratase/2-trans 3-cos isomerase (DH/2,3I), dehydratase/2-trans, and 2-cis isomerase(DH/2,2I). 

The biosynthesis of Bosseopentaenoic acid varies in marine species, but most of the marine species’ ability to convert C18 PUFA to LC-PUFA is dependent on the fatty acyl desaturase and elongase enzymes. 
The molecule basis of the enzymes will dictate where the double bond is formed on the resulting molecule.

Here is an overview of the possible biosynthesis pathways of Bosseopentaenoic acid from fatty acid synthesis. 
The reactions are mediated by desaturases enzymes with Δx specificity and elongated by elongases of fatty acid chains.

Bosseopentaenoic acid has become a popular material due to Bosseopentaenoic acid being economically produced from renewable resources. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid had the second highest consumption volume of any bioplastic of the world, although it is still not a commodity polymer. 

Bosseopentaenoic acids widespread application has been hindered by numerous physical and processing shortcomings.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is the most widely used plastic filament material in 3D printing.

Several industrial routes afford usable Bosseopentaenoic acid. 
Two main monomers are used: lactic acid, and the cyclic di-ester, lactide.

The most common route to Bosseopentaenoic acid is the ring-opening polymerization of lactide with various metal catalysts (typically tin octoate) in solution or as a suspension.
The metal-catalyzed reaction tends to cause racemization of the Bosseopentaenoic acid, reducing its stereoregularity compared to the starting material (usually corn starch).

The direct condensation of lactic acid monomers can also be used to produce Bosseopentaenoic acid. 
This process needs to be carried out at less than 200 °C; above that temperature, the entropically favored Bosseopentaenoic acid is generated. 

This reaction generates one equivalent of water for every condensation (esterification) step. 
The condensation reaction is reversible and subject to equilibrium, so removal of water is required to generate high molecular weight species.

Water removal by application of a vacuum or by azeotropic distillation is required to drive the reaction toward polycondensation. 
Molecular weights of 130 kDa can be obtained this way. 

Even higher molecular weights can be attained by carefully crystallizing the crude polymer from the melt. 
Bosseopentaenoic acids end groups are thus concentrated in the amorphous region of the solid polymer, and so they can react. 

Molecular weights of 128–152 kDa are obtainable thus.
Another method devised is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite. 

This condensation reaction is a one-step process, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature.
Polymerization of a racemic mixture of L- and D-lactides usually leads to the synthesis of poly-DL-lactide (PDLLA), which is amorphous. 

Use of stereospecific catalysts can lead to heterotactic Bosseopentaenoic acid which has been found to show crystallinity. 
The degree of crystallinity, and hence many important properties, is largely controlled by the ratio of D to L enantiomers used, and to a lesser extent on the type of catalyst used. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid, a five-membered cyclic compound has been used academically as well. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is more reactive than lactide, because its polymerization is driven by the loss of one equivalent of carbon dioxide per equivalent of lactic acid. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid polymers range from amorphous glassy polymer to semi-crystalline and highly crystalline polymer with a glass transition 60–65 °C, a melting temperature 130-180 °C, and a Young's modulus 2.7–16 GPa.
Heat-resistant Bosseopentaenoic acid can withstand temperatures of 110 °C.

The basic mechanical properties of Bosseopentaenoic acid are between those of polystyrene and PET.
The melting temperature of Bosseopentaenoic acid can be increased by 40–50 °C and its heat deflection temperature can be increased from approximately 60 °C to up to 190 °C by physically blending the polymer with PDLA (poly-D-lactide). 

Bosseopentaenoic acid form a highly regular stereocomplex with increased crystallinity. 
The temperature stability is maximised when a 1:1 blend is used, but even at lower concentrations of 3–10% of Bosseopentaenoic acid, there is still a substantial improvement. 

In the latter case, Bosseopentaenoic acid acts as a nucleating agent, thereby increasing the crystallization rate. 
Biodegradation of Bosseopentaenoic acid is slower than for Polylactic acid (PLA) due to the higher crystallinity of PDLA. 

The flexural modulus of Bosseopentaenoic acid is higher than polystyrene and Polylactic acid (PLA) has good heat sealability.
Several technologies such as annealing, adding nucleating agents, forming composites with fibers or nano-particles, chain extending and introducing crosslink structures have been used to enhance the mechanical properties of Bosseopentaenoic acid polymers. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid can be processed like most thermoplastics into fiber (for example, using conventional melt spinning processes) and film. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid has similar mechanical properties to PETE polymer, but has a significantly lower maximum continuous use temperature.

Bosseopentaenoic acid is soluble in a range of organic solvents.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is widely used because of its ease of access and low risk. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is useful in 3D printers for cleaning the extruder heads and for removing Polylactic acid (PLA) supports.
Other safe solvents include Bosseopentaenoic acid, which is safer than ethyl acetate but is difficult to purchase commercially. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is also soluble in hot benzene, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is used in a large variety of consumer products such as disposable tableware, cutlery, housings for kitchen appliances and electronics such as laptops and handheld devices, and microwavable trays. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is not suitable for microwavable containers because of its low glass transition temperature.) 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is used for compost bags, food packaging and loose-fill packaging material that is cast, injection molded, or spun.

Bosseopentaenoic acid shrinks upon heating, allowing it to be used in shrink tunnels. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is used for monofilament fishing line and netting. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is used for upholstery, disposable garments, awnings, feminine hygiene products, and diapers.
Bosseopentaenoic acid has applications in engineering plastics, where the stereocomplex is blended with a rubber-like polymer such as ABS. 

Such blends have good form stability and visual transparency, making them useful in low-end packaging applications.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is used for automotive parts such as floor mats, panels, and covers. 

Bosseopentaenoic acids heat resistance and durability are inferior to the widely used polypropylene (PP), but its properties are improved by means such as capping of the end groups to reduce hydrolysis.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is a lactic acid polymer that can be used as a filler.

Bosseopentaenoic acid was introduced in 1966 for degradable surgical implants. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid, a normal intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid sutures have a predictable degradation rate which coincides with the healing sequence of natural tissues.
Bosseopentaenoic acid, also known as polylactide, is prepared from the cyclic diester of lactic acid (lactide) by ring-opening addition polymerization. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid displays greater bioresorbability, whereas pure poly-Llactide is more hydrolytically resistant.
The actual time required for Bosseopentaenoic acid implants to be completely absorbed is relatively long, and depends on polymer purity, processing conditions, implant site, and physical dimensions of the implant.

Bosseopentaenoic acid is produced on an industrial scale by fermentation or a synthetic method.
The fermentation process requires carbohydrates, nutrients, and a microorganism to produce Bosseopentaenoic acid via fermentation. 

Bosseopentaenoic acids used in fermentation consist predominantly of hexoses or compounds which can be easily split into hexoses, e.g., glucose, corn syrups, molasses, sugar beet juice, whey, as well as rice, wheat, corn, and potato starches.
The nutrients required by the microorganisms include soluble peptides and amino acids, phosphates and ammonium salts, and vitamins. 

In many cases, the peptides and amino acids are a complex nitrogen source such as yeast extract paste, corn steep liquor, corn gluten meal, malt sprouts, soy peptone, and meat peptone. 
Only a minimal amount of these complex nitrogen sources are used in order to simplify purification of the lactic acid. 

During fermentation, the pH of the broth must be controlled between 5.0 and 6.5. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid yields are between 85 and 95% based on fermentable sugars. 

Typical fermentation by Bosseopentaenoic acids are found in concentrations of less than 0.5 wt%. 
"Homofermentive" bacterial strains are typically used as they produce the least amount of by Bosseopentaenoic acids. 

After fermentation, Bosseopentaenoic acid broth needs to be purified for its intended use.
Bosseopentaenoic acid forms yellow to colorless crystals or syrupy 50% liquid. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid has multiple uses in dyeing baths, as mordant in printing woolen goods, solvent for water-insoluble dyes. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is also used for reducing chromates in mordanting wool, in manufacture of cheese, confectionery. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is a component of babies' milk formulas; acidulant in beverages; also used for acidulating worts in brewing. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is stable in presence of chlorine or other oxidizing biocides.
Due to Bosseopentaenoic acids good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, Bosseopentaenoic acid is used in water desalination plants. 
​
Bosseopentaenoic acid does also perform as corrosion inhibitor when being combined with zinc salts.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is the homopolymer of maleic acid. 

Bosseopentaenoic acid is very stable in presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid has good scale inhibition and high temperature resistance properties. 

Therefore, Bosseopentaenoic acid can be used in the water desalination plants. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is also an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant upon high temperature and in the high alkaline cooling water systems. 

In addition, Bosseopentaenoic acid can be used in combination with zinc salts as a corrosion inhibitor. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid can also be used as concrete additive and for crude oil evaporation.

Bosseopentaenoic acid can be manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride an aromatic hydrocarbon upon 60° to 200° C.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​
Bosseopentaenoic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.
Bosseopentaenoic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

Bosseopentaenoic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

Bosseopentaenoic acid is a solvent-based maleic acid hopolymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000. 
Bosseopentaenoic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

Bosseopentaenoic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.
​Bosseopentaenoic acid is the homopolymer of maleic acid. 
​
Bosseopentaenoic acid is very stable in presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides. 
​Bosseopentaenoic acid has good scale inhibition and high temperature resistance properties. 

Therefore, ​Bosseopentaenoic acid can be used in the water desalination plants. 
​Bosseopentaenoic acid is also an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant upon high temperature and in the high alkaline cooling water systems. 

In addition, ​Bosseopentaenoic acid can be used in combination with zinc salts as a corrosion inhibitor. 
​Bosseopentaenoic acid can also be used as concrete additive and for crude oil evaporation. 
​
Bosseopentaenoic acid can be manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride I an aromatic hydrocarbon upon 60° to 200° C.
Bosseopentaenoic acid has a high chemical and thermal stability; ​Bosseopentaenoic acid is not toxic, is soluble in water and acts as a complexing agent for some cations.

Regarding ​Bosseopentaenoic acids functionality in the soil, it displaces the Na+ cations allowing it to seep through the soil’s profile, replacing ​Bosseopentaenoic acid with Mg+2 and Ca+2. 
​Bosseopentaenoic acid unblocks sodium and prevents the counterproductive effect that it produces on the soil’s structure and aggregates.

This property has clear effects on agriculture; the Na+ cation is by far the least desirable due to the de-structuring and disaggregation effect ​Bosseopentaenoic acid has on the soil. 
In addition, ​Bosseopentaenoic acid itself acts as a complexing/ aggregating agent, contributing to its physical and chemical formation.
​Bosseopentaenoic acid reduces the harmful effects that the possible accumulation of salt has on the soil profile, in addition to improving structural properties, formation of aggregates, improvement in the CEC (cationic exchange capacity) as well as the soil’s texture and composition (through simple salt elimination).

USES:

Mainly used for produce the esters of ​Bosseopentaenoic acid.
​Bosseopentaenoic acid is mainly used to prepare n-valerate.

Mainly for the production of ​Bosseopentaenoic acid, as the raw material of spices. 
Estrogen medicine estradiol ​Bosseopentaenoic acid and disinfectant. 
Widely used in spices, medicine, lubricants, plasticizers and other industries.

PROPERTIES:

assay: ≥99%

bp: 220 °C/4 mmHg (lit.)

mp: 158-159 °C (lit.)

SMILES string: CC(C)(c1ccc(O)cc1)c2ccc(O)cc2

InChI: 1S/C15H16O2/c1-15(2,11-3-7-13(16)8-4-11)12-5-9-14(17)10-6-12/h3-10,16-17H,1-2H3

InChI key: IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SPECIFICATIONS:

-Test items: Standard indicators

-Color: 30Max

-Appearance: Colorless Transparent Liquid

-Purity: 99.5%MIN

-Water: 0.2%MAX

-Pivalic acid: 0.05MAX

-Isovaleric acid: 0.1%MAX

SYNONYM:

5Z,8Z,10E,12E,14Z-eicosapenta-enoic acid
SCHEMBL15910345
LMFA01031033
Q4947574
(5Z,8Z,10E,12E,14Z)-5,8,10,12,14-Icosapentaenoic acid