CAPRYLIC ACID

CAPRYLIC ACID

CAS NO: 124-07-2

Caprylic acid (from the Latin word capra, meaning "goat"), also known under the systematic name octanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid and carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3(CH2)6CO2H. It is a colorless oily liquid that is minimally soluble in water with a slightly unpleasant rancid-like smell and taste. Salts and esters of octanoic acid are known as octanoates or caprylates. It is a common industrial chemical, which is produced by oxidation of the C8 aldehyde Its compounds are found naturally in the milk of various mammals and as a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
Two other acids are named after goats via the Latin word capra: caproic acid (C6) and capric acid (C10). Together, these three fatty acids comprise 15% of the fatty acids in goat milk fat.

Synonyms: octanoic acid; caprylic acid; 124-07-2; n-octanoic acid; Octylic acid; n-caprylic acid; octoic acid; n-octylic acid; n-Octoic acid; neo-fat 8; 1-heptanecarboxylic acid; Enantic acid; Octic acid; C-8 acid; Kaprylsaeure; Hexacid 898; Acido octanoico; Acide octanoique; 1-octanoic acid; Acidum octanocium; Fatty acids, C6-10; FEMA No. 2799; Kyselina kaprylova; capryloate
octylate; Octansaeure; NSC 5024 ; OCTANOIC ACID (CAPRYLIC ACID); CHEBI:28837; Emery 657; Lunac 8-95; NSC-5024; CH3-[CH2]6-COOH; OBL58JN025; Caprylsaeure; NSC5024; caprilate; EDENOR C 8-98-100; Caprylic acid, potassium salt; n-caprylate; n-octoate; n-octylate; Octanoic acid, 99%; NCGC00090957-01; 0ctanoic acid; 1-heptanecarboxylate; DSSTox_CID_1645; DSSTox_RID_76259; DSSTox_GSID_21645; OCA; Caprylic acid (natural); Acide octanoique [French]; Octanoic acid [USAN:INN]; CAS-124-07-2; HSDB 821; CH3-[CH2]6-COO(-); caprylic acid, tin salt; caprylic acid, zinc salt; EINECS 204-677-5; caprylic acid, barium salt; caprylic acid, cesium salt; caprylic acid, cobalt salt; caprylic acid, copper salt; caprylic acid, sodium salt; caprylic acid, ammonia salt; caprylic acid, cadmium salt; caprylic acid, calcium salt; BRN 1747180; caprylic acid, 14C-labeled; caprylic acid, aluminum salt; caprylic acid, manganese salt; caprylic acid, zirconium salt; octanic acid; Caprilic acid; caprylic acid, tin(+2) salt; AI3-04162; caprylic acid, iron(+3) salt; caprylic acid, lead(+2) salt; acidum octanoicum; octanoate radical; caprylic acid, copper(+2) salt; caprylic acid, iridum(+3) salt; caprylic acid, nickel(+2) salt; caprylic acid, chromium(+2) salt; caprylic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt; caprylic acid, ruthenium(+3) salt; caprylic acid, zirconium(+4) salt; EINECS 273-085-7; Acid C8; Octanoic acid radical; Caprylic acid (NF); Kortacid 0899; Neo-Fat 8S; Caprylic Acid 657; Octanoate, ion(1-); caprylic acid, sodium salt, 11C-labeled; n-heptanecarboxylic acid; Octanoic acid (USAN); Fatty acids, C6-1O; ACMC-1BTHQ; Lunac 8-98; Heptane-1-carboxylic acid; Octanoic acid, >=98%; Octanoic acid, >=99%; bmse000502; Caprylic/Capric Acid Blend; SCHEMBL3933; WLN: QV7; Octanoic acid (USAN/INN); 4-02-00-00982 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); 68937-74-6; MLS002415762; Octanoic acid, >=96.0%; caprylic acid (octanoic acid); Octanoic acid (mixed isomers); CHEMBL324846; GTPL4585; Octanoic acid, >=98%, FG; QSPL 011; QSPL 184; DTXSID3021645; HMS2270A23; Octanoic acid, analytical standard; STR10050; ZINC1530416; Tox21_111045; Tox21_201279; Tox21_300345; ANW-18188; AKOS000118802; Octanoic acid, natural, >=98%, FG; DB04519; FA(8:0); MCULE-5193957469; NE10316; Octanoic acid, for synthesis, 99.5%; HY-41417; 597-EP2269988A2; Octanoic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R); UNII-13FB83DEYU component WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 43FDA9D7-2300-41E7-A373-A34F25B81553; Caprylic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; UNII-79P21R4317 component WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N; Caprylic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; Caprylic Acid (Octanoic Acid), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Uses: 

Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.
Caprylic acid is an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer in commercial food handling establishments on dairy equipment, food processing equipment, breweries, wineries, and beverage processing plants. It is also used as disinfectant in health care facilities, schools/colleges, animal care/veterinary facilities, industrial facilities, office buildings, recreational facilities, retail and wholesale establishments, livestock premises, restaurants, and hotels/motels. In addition, caprylic acid is used as an algicide, bactericide, fungicide, and herbicide in nurseries, greenhouses, garden centers, and interiors, and on ornamentation. Products containing caprylic acid are formulated as soluble concentrate/liquids and ready-to-use liquids. 
Caprylic acid plays an important role in the body's regulation of energy input and output, a function which is performed by the hormone ghrelin. The sensation of hunger is a signal that the body requires an input of energy in the form of food consumption. Ghrelin stimulates hunger by triggering receptors in the hypothalamus. In order to activate these receptors, ghrelin must undergo a process called acylation in which it acquires an -OH group, and caprylic acid provides this by linking at a specific site on ghrelin molecules. Other fatty acids in the same position have similar effects on hunger.
The acid chloride of caprylic acid is used in the synthesis of perfluorooctanoic acid.
Dietary uses
See also: Medium-chain triglyceride § Dietary relevance
Caprylic acid is taken as a dietary supplement. In the body, caprylic acid would be found as octanoate, or unprotonated caprylic acid. 
Some studies have shown that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) can help in the process of excess calorie burning, and thus weight loss; however, a systematic review of the evidence concluded that the overall results are inconclusive.Also, interest in MCTs has been shown by endurance athletes and the bodybuilding community, but MCTs have not been found to be beneficial to improved exercise performance. 

Medical uses

Caprylic acid has been studied as part of a ketogenic diet to treat children with intractable epilepsy Caprylic acid is currently being researched as a treatment for essential tremor. 
Benefits of caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is one of the three fatty acids found in coconut oil. It’s a medium-chain fatty acid with potent antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties make caprylic acid a helpful treatment for many conditions. It’s used to treat yeast infections, skin conditions, digestive disorders, and high cholesterol. It’s also used to lower the risk of antibiotic resistance. You can take caprylic acid orally or apply it to your skin.

Skin conditions

Just as caprylic acid can treat yeast infections, it can also help treat certain skin conditions. This is largely thanks to its antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. These help it kill off bacteria that live in the skin.

Dermatophilosis is a skin condition caused by a bacterial infection that can result in painful, dry scabs.  This can help fight off the bacterial infection and soothe the dry skin.

Caprylic acid is also thought to help treat one of the most common skin conditions of all: acne.This is because it can fight the bacterial infections that sometimes cause acne. A 2014 studyTrusted Source found that caprylic acid is effective at treating acne thanks to its antimicrobial and antibacterial properties.

Caprylic acid is sometimes also used as a natural remedy for conditions like eczema or psoriasis.
Caprylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid that is found in palm oil, coconut oil, and the milk of humans and bovines.

Caprylic acid is used for epilepsy, a nerve disorder that causes uncontrollable shaking in parts of the body (essential tremor), kidney failure, digestive disorders, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

How does it work ?
Caprylic acid is sometimes given to people as part of a test used to measure gastric emptying.

The Health Benefits of Caprylic Acid

A fatty acid that may help treat epilepsy, IBD, and Alzheimer's disease
Caprylic acid, also called octanoic acid, is an oily liquid found in the milk of certain mammals as well as coconut oil and palm oil. A medium-chain saturated fatty acid, it is said to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that may be useful for issues ranging from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to epilepsy.
Caprylic acid is available in dietary supplement form. It is also the main component of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, which is believed to aid in weight loss and athletic performance.
Caprylic acid is also widely used in the manufacturing of sanitizers, disinfectants, perfumes, anti-aging creams, and dyes.

Health Benefits
Caprylic acid, taken either by mouth or used topically, is thought to treat a number of health conditions, including:

•    Acne
•    Alzheimer's disease
•    Skin infections
•    Candidiasis (including yeast infections and oral thrush)
•    Epilepsy
•    Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol and triglycerides)
•    Hypertension (high blood pressure)
•    IBD
•    Lactose intolerance
•    Obesity
•    Tinea corporis (ringworm)

Caprylic acid is also sometimes used to prevent hypoalbuminemia (low albumin) in people undergoing dialysis. Caused in part by the low-protein diet people with severe kidney disease need to maintain, hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of poor outcomes for people on dialysis.
Octanoic Acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with an 8-carbon backbone. Octanoic acid is found naturally in the milk of various mammals and is a minor component of coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Octanoic acid appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

Octanoic acid is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, a human metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an octanoate.

You can take advantage of the benefits of caprylic acid by taking coconut oil or applying it to the skin. Start by adding a tablespoon or less of coconut oil per day to your diet to make sure you can tolerate it. People buy coconut oil as is or melted. You can also add it to other foods. Try mixing it with a smoothie! Using coconut oil in your diet is generally a safe way to help you reap the benefits of caprylic acid. Coconut oil is one of the most popular ways to get your daily dose of caprylic acid. There are other options. Palm oil and breast milk contain caprylic acid.

Caprylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid that is found in palm oil, coconut oil, and the milk of humans and bovines.
Caprylic acid is taken by mouth for epilepsy (seizures), low levels of the blood protein albumin in people undergoing dialysis, digestive disorders such as dysbiosis (abnormal levels of bacteria in the stomach), abnormal absorption of fats, and chylothorax (leakage of a substance called chyle into the chest cavity).

When taken as part of a ketogenic or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, caprylic acid seems to help reduce the number of seizures in people with epilepsy. However, side effects and difficulty following the diet seem to limit its long-term use. More evidence is needed to rate caprylic acid for this use.

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
•    Epilepsy (seizures) When taken as part of a ketogenic or medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet, caprylic acid seems to help reduce the number of seizures in people with epilepsy. However, side effects and difficulty following the diet seem to limit its long-term use.
•    Low blood levels of albumin (hypoalbuminemia) in people undergoing dialysis.
•    Digestive disorders.
•    Abnormal absorption of fats (lipid malabsorption).
•    Reducing the leakage of a substance called chyle into the chest cavity (chylothorax).
•    Other conditions. .
More evidence is needed to rate caprylic acid for these uses.

Caprylic acid might lower blood pressure in some people. It can also be given to people as part of a test used to measure gastric emptying.
Caprylic acid is LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth in food amounts or when used at approved doses for nutritional supplementation and in tests to measure stomach emptying. It can cause some side effects, including nausea, bloating, and diarrhea.
Caprylic acid is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth as part of a ketogenic diet or a diet high in medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) under the guidance of a physician. However, diets containing high amounts of caprylic acid might cause constipation, vomiting, stomach pain, low levels of calcium in the blood, drowsiness, or growth problems.
Caprylic acid is LIKELY UNSAFE when taken by mouth by people with a condition known as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. People with this condition are not able to break down caprylic acid appropriately. This can lead to increased levels of caprylic acid in the blood, which may increase the risk of comas.

Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the use of caprylic acid during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Liver disease: Caprylic acid is broken down by the liver. There is some concern that people with liver disease might not be able to break down caprylic acid. This might cause blood levels of caprylic acid to increase. However, other research suggests that people with liver disease are still able to break down caprylic acid. Until more is known, use with caution.
Low blood pressure (hypotension): Caprylic acid can lower blood pressure. In theory, caprylic acid might cause blood pressure to go too low if used by people prone to low blood pressure. Use with caution. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: People with MCAD deficiency are not able to break down caprylic acid appropriately. This can lead to increased levels of caprylic acid in the blood, which might increase the risk of comas. Avoid using.
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: People with MCAD deficiency are not able to break down caprylic acid appropriately. This can lead to increased levels of caprylic acid in the blood, which might increase the risk of comas. Avoid using.

Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.
Caprylic acid might lower blood pressure. Taking caprylic acid along with medications for high blood pressure might cause your blood pressure to go too low.
Some medications for high blood pressure include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce pain and swelling. In the blood, NSAIDs bind to a protein called albumin. When bound to albumin, NSAIDs are not active. When displaced from albumin, NSAIDs are active. Caprylic acid can also bind to albumin. Taking caprylic acid along with NSAIDs might displace NSAIDs from albumin, increasing the amount that is active. This might increase the effects and side effects of NSAIDs.
Some NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, others), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn), piroxicam (Feldene), aspirin, and others.

Warfarin (Coumadin)Interaction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.Talk with your health provider.
In the blood, warfarin (Coumadin) binds to a protein called albumin. When bound to albumin, warfarin is not active. When displaced from albumin, warfarin (Coumadin) slows blood clotting. Like warfarin, caprylic acid binds to albumin. Taking caprylic acid along with warfarin might displace warfarin from albumin. This might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the chances of bruising and bleeding. Be sure to have your blood checked regularly. The dose of your warfarin (Coumadin) might need to be changed.

Caprylic acid is a saturated fatty acid containing eight carbon atoms, making it one of the family known as medium-chain fatty acids. Test tube and animal research has shown caprylic acid to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Preliminary reports from the 1940s and 1950s indicated that caprylic acid may be effective against yeast (Candida) infections in humans.
Caprylic acid (or octanoic acid) is a saturated fatty acid that was first discovered in goat's milk (from the name "caprylic", which has the Latin "capra" root meaning goat). Crapylic acid is also found in coconut, palm oil, and breast milk.

This oily liquid is used in the manufacture of esters that interfere with perfumery and in the manufacture of pigments. However, caprylic acid is also used due to its effects on the pH balance of the skin. Antifungal interferes with some food supplements intended to treat candidiasis (yeast overgrowth of the intestinal tract).
In the context of a treatment against candidiasis, it is important that caprylic acid capsules are 'stomach resistant' so that they do not dissolve in the stomach and reach the intestines where the candida is present.
Caprylic (octanoic) acid is a fatty acid belonging to the medium chain triglycerides group. It is usually found in edible oils such as coconut and palm oil. It is one of the fatty acids that give coconut oil anti-microbial and other health-promoting properties. People use it orally and topically for Candida infections, skin conditions, high cholesterol, digestive issues, and more. There are two different opinions about whether caprylic acid has benefits or not, and their theories are as follows.

Caprylic acid plays an important role in regulating the body's energy input and output, a function performed by the hormone ghrelin. The feeling of hunger is a sign that the body needs an energy input in the form of food consumption. Ghrelin stimulates hunger by triggering receptors in the hypothalamus. To activate these receptors, ghrelin must undergo a process called acylation, where it acquires a -OH group, and caprylic acid provides this by binding to a specific site on ghrelin molecules. Other fatty acids in the same position have similar effects on hunger.

The acid chloride of caprylic acid is used in the synthesis of perfluorooctanoic acid. Dietary uses: Caprylic acid is taken as a nutritional supplement. It is found in the body as caprylic acid octanoate or aprotic caprylic acid. Some studies have shown that medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) can aid the process of burning excess calories and thus weight loss; However, a systematic review of the evidence concluded that the overall results were unsatisfactory. Also, interest in MCTs has been shown by endurance athletes and the bodybuilding community, but MCTs have not been found to be beneficial for improving exercise performance.
Medical use: Caprylic acid has been studied as part of the ketogenic diet to treat children with persistent epilepsy. Caprylic acid is currently being researched as a treatment for essential tremors.

Caprylic acid supplements are not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women. Those with frequent stomach problems should also think carefully. Taking supplements can sometimes cause stomach upset. You should check for allergies before applying topically. This is especially important if you have a coconut allergy. Start slowly when adding coconut oil to your diet. This can help your system adapt to it. It is also important to note that coconut oil is still a type of oil. For this reason, it is high in fat. Just one tablespoon contains more than 13 grams of oil. Consult your doctor before adding a significant amount of oil to your diet. Coconut oil and caprylic acid have no known drug interactions. Discuss adding supplements to your diet or making major dietary changes with your doctor.

Caprylic Acid Purification

Basically, caprylic acid increases medium hydrophobicity. In practice, the pH value of the starting solution should be adjusted to 4 by adding about 2 volumes of 60 sodium acetate buffer. Then 0.04-0.07 volume of caprylic acid (depending on starting material and also Igs animal species) is added dropwise with stirring and the solution is incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. is. Under these conditions, most of the serum proteins are precipitated except IgG recovered in the supernatant after centrifugation for 10 minutes. This method is similar to ammonium sulfate precipitation. In particular, it must be combined with one another to obtain highly purified Ig fractions. L- 5000 min in 1 10 g. This method is similar to ammonium sulfate precipitation. In particular, it needs to be combined with one another to obtain highly purified Ig fractions.

Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon straight chain fatty acid known as systematic octanoic acid. It occurs naturally in coconut and breast milk. It is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant odor taste that is minimally soluble in water. Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the production of paints. Caprylic acid can be found in many foods such as Prunus pineapple sage, black raspberry and shallots. Caprylic acid has been found to be associated with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism.

IUPAC Names:
1-heptanecarboxylic acid
1-Octansäure
Acid C8, Caprylic acid, Octanoic acid
Acido Octanoico
C-8
CAPRYLIC ACID
Caprylic acid
Caprylsäure
CLP octanoic acid (PGC only)
n-Caprylic acid
n-Octanoic Acid
n-Octanoic acid
N-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine
OCTANOIC ACID
Octanoic Acid
octanoic acid
Octanoic acid (caprylic acid)
Octansäure
Octyl acid, 1-heptanecarboxylic acid
Trade Names:
Caprylic acid
CAPRYLIC ACID (POFAC 0899)
Ecoric 8/99
KORTACID 0899/0898/0895/0890
MMFA 0898 (Caprylic Acid 98%)
Octanoic Acid
Oktansäure
PALMAC 99-08
PALMATA 0899
Palmata 0899
RADIASİT 0608
RADIASIT 0698
SINAR - FA 0899

Features:
Chemical formula C8H16O2
Molar mass 144.214 gmol - 1
Appearance Oily colorless liquid
Odor Pale, fruity acid; disturbing
Density 0.910 g / cm3 [1]
Melting point 16.7 ° C (62.1 ° F; 289.8 K) [3]
Boiling point 239.7 ° C (463.5 ° F; 512.8 K) [1]
Solubility in water 0.068 g / 100 mL [1]
Soluble soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, CS2, petroleum ether, acetonitrile
per day P 3.05
Steam pressure 0.25 Pa
Acidity (pKa) 4.89 [2]
1,055 (2.06--2.63 K)
1.53 (-191 ° C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -101.60 10−6 cm3 / mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.4285
Dangers:
NFPA 704 (fire apple)
NFPA 704 four-color diamond
301COR
Flash point 130 ° C (266 ° F; 403 K)
Self ignition
temperature 440 ° C (824 ° F; 713 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose) 10.08 g / kg (orally in rats)