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Molecular Formula: C6H12
CAS Number: 110-82-7
Molecular Weight: 84.16
Beilstein: 1900225
EC Number: 203-806-2
MDL number: MFCD00003814
PubChem Substance ID: 57647998
APPLICATIONS
CH (cyclohexane) is mainly used for making nylon monomers adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine and caprolactam, and also used as raw material for making cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
CH (cyclohexane) may undergo oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and in the presence of a polyoxotungstate catalyst to form cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol as the main products.
Its dehydrogenation in the presence of Ni-Cu/SiO2 catalysts forms benzene in good yield.
CH (cyclohexane) is used in the production of nylon and as a paint and varnish remover.
Also CH (cyclohexane) is used as a solvent (lacquers, resins, and glues, e.g., in leather manufacturing) and intermediate for organic synthesis.
CH (cyclohexane) is used to dissolve cellulose ethers, lacquers, resins, fats, waxes, oils, bitumen, and crude rubber, this chemical is employed as a solvent.
Also, CH (cyclohexane) employed in the creation of perfumes, surface coating activities (lacquers), the synthesis of adipic acid for nylon 66 and engineering plastics, the synthesis of caprolactam in nylon 6, paint and varnish remover, and essential oil extraction.
Adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone are manufactured using analytical chemistry for molecular weight determinations.
CH (cyclohexane) is used in the industrial recrystallising of steroids, organic synthesis, recrystallising medium glass alternatives, solid fuels, analytical chemistry, and adhesives manufacture.
CH (cyclohexane) is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon.
The cyclic version of hexane, CH (cyclohexane), is utilised as a raw material in the creation of nylon, an alicyclic hydrocarbon with a ring of six carbon atoms.
CH (cyclohexane) performs the function of a non-polar solvent.
CH (cyclohexane) is a volatile chemical molecule and a cycloalkane.
CH (cyclohexane) may undergo oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and in the presence of a polyoxotungstate catalyst to form cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol as the main products.
Its dehydrogenation in the presence of Ni-Cu/SiO2 catalysts forms benzene in good yield.
CH (cyclohexane) is used predominately in the nylon industry where approximately 90% of it is consumed in the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are themselves used to generate nylon6 and nylon 6,6.
The remaining 10% of the CH (cyclohexane) is used both as a solvent for paints, resins, varnish and oil, and as a plasticiser.
Also, CH (cyclohexane) can be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other industrial chemicals such as cyclohexanone and nitrocyclohexanone.
Most CH (cyclohexane) goes into the production of intermediates for nylon, which has a variety of common applications such as clothing, tents and carpets as well as thermoplastics.
CH (cyclohexane) is also used as a solvent in chemical and industrial processes and recently has been substituted for benzene in many applications.
CH (cyclohexane) is also used in perfume manufacturing, during surface coating operations (lacquers), in synthesis of adipic acid for production of nylon 66 and engineering plastics, during synthesis of caprolactam in nylon 6, paint and varnish remover, in the extraction of essential oils, in analytical chemistry for molecular weight determinations, in the manufacturing of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, in the manufacturing of solid fuel for camp stoves, in fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action) in the industrial recrystallising of steroids, organic synthesis, recrystallising medium glass substitutes, solid fuels, in analytical chemistry and in manufacturing of adhesives.
CH (cyclohexane) is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, fuels, coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products, anti-freeze products, adhesives and sealants and inks and toners.
Commercially most of CH (cyclohexane) produced is converted into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture (or "KA oil") by catalytic oxidation.
KA oil is then used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam.
Practically, if the cyclohexanol content of KA oil is higher than cyclohexanone, it is more likely(economical) to be converted into adipic acid, and the reverse case, caprolactam production is more likely.
Such ratio in KA oil can be controlled by selecting suitable oxidation catalyts.
Some of CH (cyclohexane) is used as an organic solvent.
Nearly all CH (cyclohexane) is used to make cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which, in turn, are used mainly as precursors for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, respectively.
Other uses for CH (cyclohexane) include various solvent applications and the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone for solvent use.
As a result of cyclohexane’s intrinsic link to the polyamide (nylon) chain and its use in automobiles, construction, and textiles, global cyclohexane demand remains strongly influenced by macroeconomic conditions.
CH (cyclohexane) is consumed largely for nylon 6 fibers, resins, and film.
CH (cyclohexane) applications include the following:
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
-Fuels and fuel additives
-Functional fluids (closed systems)
-Intermediates
-Laboratory chemicals
-Lubricants and lubricant additives
-Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
-Polymer manufacturing
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed
-Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
-Adhesives and sealants
-Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
-Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
-Fuels and related products
-Ink, toner, and colorant products
-Lubricants and greases
-Paints and coatings
-Petrochemicals
DESCRIPTION
CH (cyclohexane) is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12.
CH (cyclohexane) is non-polar.
Moreover, CH (cyclohexane) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).
CH (cyclohexane) is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.
Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of CH (cyclohexane) and is abbreviated Cy.
CH (cyclohexane) is a cyclic alkane that predominantly exists in chair conformation due to higher stability.
CH (cyclohexane) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor.
CH (cyclohexane) is Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals.
Flash point of CH (cyclohexane) -4°F.
Density of CH (cyclohexane) is 6.5 lb / gal (less than water) and insoluble in water.
Vapors of CH (cyclohexane) is heavier than air.
CH (cyclohexane) is an alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.
CH (cyclohexane) has a role as a non-polar solvent.
Additionally, CH (cyclohexane) is a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound.
CH (cyclohexane) is a natural product found in Helichrysum odoratissimum, Terminalia chebula, and other organisms with data available.
Hetero-substituted cyclohexanes in which one or more CH2 groups are replaced by O or NR almost invariably exist predominantly in chair conformations.
CH (cyclohexane) (also known as CYX, hexamethylene, hexahydrobenzene, hexanaphthene, and benzenehexahydride) is a colourless, volatile, and flammable liquid with the formula C6H12.
CH (cyclohexane) has a mild odour and is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and ligroin.
CH (cyclohexane) occurs naturally in petroleum crude oil, volcanic gases and cigarette smoke.
The cyclic version of hexane, utilised as a raw material in the creation of nylon, is CH (cyclohexane), an alicyclic hydrocarbon with a ring of six carbon atoms.
CH (cyclohexane) performs the function of a non-polar solvent.
CH (cyclohexane) is commonly used as a chemical intermediate.
Adipic acid for nylon-6/6 is used 54% of the time, caprolactam for nylon-6 is used 39% of the time, and goods such as solvents, insecticides, and plasticizers are used 7% of the time.
C6H12 is the chemical formula for CH (cyclohexane).
There are no CH3 endings because it forms a ring; instead, each carbon is connected to a CH2.
Drawing CH (cyclohexane) is as simple as drawing a hexagon.
Each point represents a fully saturated (with hydrogen atoms) carbon in this style.
When CH (cyclohexane) is represented in this fashion, each carbon and hydrogen atom seems to be identical.
CH (cyclohexane) is a flammable, non-polar, colourless liquid with a detergent-like odour.
The most straightforward approach to depict the structure of CH (cyclohexane) is to draw a hexagon.
Each point in the hexagon represents a fully saturated carbon atom surrounded by hydrogen atoms.
When CH (cyclohexane) is represented by a hexagon, every carbon and hydrogen atom in the structure seems to be the same.
The study of CH (cyclohexane) led to the development of many of the most significant principles of conformational analysis.
Angle strain is essentially absent in three CH (cyclohexane) conformations: chair, boat, and skew (or twist).
The chair is the most stable of the three, owing to the staggered arrangement of all its links.
Torsional strain destabilised the boat and skews conformations because the bonds are not perfectly staggered.
The mutual crowding of hydrogen atoms at carbons one and four further destabilise the boat conformation.
The boat’s form brings its two “flagpole” hydrogen atoms closer together than the 2.20-angstrom limit at which repulsive forces between hydrogen atoms become important.
999 out of 1,000 CH (cyclohexane) molecules exist in the chair form at normal temperature (the other being skew).
CH (cyclohexane) has the formula C6H12, the compound is planar and cyclic, but doesn’t have delocalised pi electrons (there are no pi bonds present) and also doesn’t follow Huckel’s rule.
Hence, CH (cyclohexane) is not aromatic.
CH (cyclohexane) is a cyclic alkane compound commonly studied in organic chemistry.
The name for this compound contains two parts: 'cyclo,' referring to the compound's ring structure; and 'hexane,' reflecting the six carbons found in the compound. CH (cyclohexane) is found in a variety of products, such as nylon used in clothing and thermoplastics, solvents including paint thinners, and in the production of other chemical compounds.
CH (cyclohexane) is a cyclic alkane that predominantly exists in chair conformation due to higher stability.
CH (cyclohexane) is used as a solvent to dissolve cellulose ethers, lacquers, resins, fats, waxes, oils, bitumen and crude rubber.
CH (cyclohexane) (also known as CYX, hexamethylene, hexahydrobenzene, hexanaphthene, and benzenehexahydride) is a colourless, volatile, and flammable liquid with the formula C6H12.
Moreover, CH (cyclohexane) has a mild odour and is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and ligroin.
CH (cyclohexane) occurs naturally in petroleum crude oil, volcanic gases and cigarette smoke.
CH (cyclohexane) is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12.
Also, CH (cyclohexane) is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon.
On an industrial scale, CH (cyclohexane) is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen.
Due to its unique chemical and conformational properties, CH (cyclohexane) is also used in labs in analysis and as a standard.
The chemical and molecular formula for CH (cyclohexane) is C6H12.
The condensed structural formula for a compound shows the carbon atoms adjacent to their attached hydrogen atoms.
For CH (cyclohexane), the condensed structural chemical formula is CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2.
As shown by the molecular formula for CH (cyclohexane), the compound is made of two elements - carbon and hydrogen.
Based on the molecular formula, there are six carbons and twelve hydrogens in CH (cyclohexane).
CH (cyclohexane) (C6H12) is a cyclic compound in which six carbons are covalently bonded in a ring structure.
Because of this ring structure, each carbon is bound to two hydrogen and to two adjacent carbons.
As a result, there are no CH3 groups in CH (cyclohexane).
Instead, the CH (cyclohexane) structure consists of a ring of six connected CH2, or methylene, groups.
PRODUCTION
All CH (cyclohexane) is produced in benzene hydrogenation units.
In the process, high-purity benzene feed and purified hydrogen (typically recovered from reformers and ethylene crackers) are brought to reaction temperatures and charged to the reactor.
Industrial CH (cyclohexane) can be produced by two methods.
The first is the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene using rhodium on carbon, and the second method is via fractional distillation of petroleum.
The conversion of benzene to CH (cyclohexane) is stoichiometric and almost complete; finished CH (cyclohexane) typically contains less than 50 ppm of benzene.
A small amount of lower purity CH (cyclohexane) is recovered from petroleum streams by fractionation and extraction.
Over 90% of the CH (cyclohexane) production is used to produce intermediates for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6.
Nylon 6 is made by polymerizing caprolactam which is derived from the nitration of CH (cyclohexane).
Nylon 6,6 is made by polymerizing equal molar quantities of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA).
Adipic acid is made by a two-step air and nitric acid oxidation of CH (cyclohexane).
The adipic acid is converted to HMDA by the reduction of adiponitrile (an intermediate).
Adipic acid produced from CH (cyclohexane) is also used to manufacture esters for plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, as well as produce polyurethanes (synthetic leather).
-MODERN
On an industrial scale, CH (cyclohexane) is produced by hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst.
Producers of CH (cyclohexane) account for approximately 11.4% of global demand for benzene.
The reaction is highly exothermic, with ΔH(500 K) = -216.37 kJ/mol.
Dehydrogenation commenced noticeably above 300 °C, reflecting the favorable entropy for dehydrogenation.
-EARLY
Unlike benzene, CH (cyclohexane) is not found in natural resources such as coal.
For this reason, early investigators synthesized their CH (cyclohexane) samples.
REACTIONS AND USES
Although rather unreactive, CH (cyclohexane) undergoes catalytic oxidation to produce cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol.
The cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol mixture, called "KA oil", is a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam, precursors to nylon.
Several million kilograms of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol are produced annually.
CH (cyclohexane) is used as a solvent in some brands of correction fluid.
Also, CH (cyclohexane) is sometimes used as a non-polar organic solvent, although n-hexane is more widely used for this purpose.
CH (cyclohexane) is frequently used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot cyclohexane and poor solubility at low temperatures.
CH (cyclohexane) is also used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instruments, because of a convenient crystal-crystal transition at −87.1 °C.
CH (cyclohexane) vapor is used in vacuum carburizing furnaces, in heat treating equipment manufacture.
Pure CH (cyclohexane) in itself is rather unreactive, being a non-polar, hydrophobic hydrocarbon.
CH (cyclohexane) can react with very strong acids such as the superacid system HF + SbF5 which will cause forced protonation and "hydrocarbon cracking".
Substituted cyclohexanes, however, may be reactive under a variety of conditions, many of which are important to organic chemistry.
CH (cyclohexane) is highly flammable.
STORING AND DISTRIBUTION OF CH (CYCLOHEXANE)
CH (cyclohexane) has a specific gravity of 0.78 and a flashpoint of -20° C and is highly flammable.
CH (cyclohexane) should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area which is free from the risk of ignition.
For transportation purposes, CH (cyclohexane) is classified as hazard class 3 and packing group II and is should be labelled as an irritant, and harmful if swallowed or inhaled.
PROPERTIES
Chemical formula: C6H12
Molar mass: 84.162 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Sweet, gasoline-like
Density: 0.7739 g/mL, liquid; Density = 0.996 g/mL, solid
Melting point: 6.47 °C (43.65 °F; 279.62 K)
Boiling point: 80.74 °C (177.33 °F; 353.89 K)
Solubility in water: Immiscible
Solubility: Soluble in ether, alcohol, acetone
Vapor pressure: 78 mmHg (20 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −68.13·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.42662
Viscosity: 1.02 cP at 17 °C
SYNONYMS
CYCLOHEXANE
110-82-7
Hexamethylene
Hexanaphthene
Hexahydrobenzene
Cyclohexan
Cykloheksan
Cicloesano
Cyclohexaan
Benzene, hexahydro-
Benzenehexahydride
Polycyclohexane
hexahydro-Benzene
RCRA waste number U056
cyclo-hexane
UNII-48K5MKG32S
NSC 406835
Acid red 300
Cyclohexane, oxidized, non-volatile residue
MFCD00003814
48K5MKG32S
CHEBI:29005
NSC-406835
12217-02-6
Cyclohexane, HPLC Grade
Cyclohexaan [Dutch]
Cyclohexan [German]
Cicloesano [Italian]
Cykloheksan [Polish]
Caswell No. 269
Ciclohexano
Cyclohexane, ACS reagent, >=99%
Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.7%
Poly(cyclohexane)
HSDB 60
CCRIS 3928
EINECS 203-806-2
UN1145
RCRA waste no. U056
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 025901
cylcohexane
cylohexane
Cyclohexane, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (GC)
Zyklohexan
AI3-08222
Cyclohexane HPLC grade
Cyclohexane, for HPLC
Cyclohexane, ACS Grade
DSSTox_CID_1923
bmse000545
WLN: L6TJ
EC 203-806-2
DSSTox_RID_76404
DSSTox_GSID_21923
ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.242
68411-76-7
Cyclohexane, LR, >=99%
CHEMBL15980
Cyclohexane, JIS special grade
Cyclohexane, analytical standard
Cyclohexane, p.a., 99.0%
Cyclohexane, Environmental Grade
DTXSID4021923
Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%
Cyclohexane, AR, >=99.5%
AMY11047
BCP08072
ZINC1532203
Tox21_201087
Cyclohexane GC, for residue analysis
NSC406835
STL283116
Cyclohexane, >=99.5%, PRA grade
Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.9%
AKOS000119975
Cyclohexane, HPLC grade, >=99.9%
ZINC100503963
MCULE-3136361765
UN 1145
Cyclohexane 2000 microg/mL in Methanol
NCGC00248918-01
NCGC00258639-01
CAS-110-82-7
Cyclohexane, puriss., >=99.5% (GC)
Cyclohexane, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Cyclohexane, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.8%
Cyclohexane, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%
Cyclohexane [UN1145] [Flammable liquid]
Cyclohexane, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%
FT-0624180
FT-0624182
Cyclohexane, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99%
Q211433
Cyclohexane, HPLC UV/IR isocratic grade, min. 99.9%
Cyclohexane, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
