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CAS Number: 88-04-0
EC Number: 201-793-8
Linear Formula: ClC6H2(CH3)2OH
Molecular Weight: 156.61
Beilstein: 1862539
MDL number: MFCD00002324
PubChem Substance ID: 329823406
APPLICATIONS
Chloroxylenol is used in hospitals and households for disinfection and sanitation.
Chloroxylenol is also commonly used in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications and household antiseptics such as Dettol liquid (to which it contributes its distinctive odor), cream and ointments.
Testing has shown products containing chloroxylenol effective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Chloroxylenol may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by fluorogenic derivatization followed by high performance liquid chromatography separation.
Chloroxylenol is a security, efficient, broad spectrum, low-toxicity antibacterial.
Moreover, Chloroxylenol has large potency in antibacterial to Gram-positive, Gram-negative, epiphyte and mildew.
Chloroxylenol is confirmed chief antibacterial by FDA.
Chloroxylenol has good chemical stability and as a rule it don’t lose its activity.
Its solubility is 0.03% in water.
But Chloroxylenol is freely soluble in organic solvent and strong lye such as alcohol, ether, polyoxyalkylene, etc.
Chloroxylenol is low-poison antibacterial, frequently used in personal care products such as hand-cleaning detergent, soap, dandruff control shampoo and healthy products, etc.
Common dosage in lotion as follows: 0.5~1‰ in liquid detergent, 1% in antibacterial handing detergent, 4.5~5% in disinfectant.
What’s more, Chloroxylenol has been used in other fields such as glue, painting, textile, pulp,etc.
Chloroxylenol, or para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent used for skin disinfection and surgical instruments.
Chloroxylenol is found in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications, and household antiseptics.
The halophenol is shown to be most effective against Gram positive bacteria where it disrupts the cell wall due to its phenolic nature.
Chloroxylenol is a substituted phenol which has been widely used for many years as an ingredient of antiseptic and disinfectant products intended for external use.
Addition to that, Chloroxylenol is known to be bactericidal in low concentration to a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Chloroxylenol is an antimicrobial used to treat cuts, bites, stings, abrasions, and used as an antiseptic hand cleaner.
Chloroxylenol is an antimicrobial used to control bacteria, algae and fungi in adhesives, emulsions, paints and wash tanks.
Chloroxylenol also is used to sanitize bathroom premises, diaper pails, laundry equipment, human bedding and pet living quarters in households, hospitals and other institutions.
Formulations include a soluble concentrate/liquid (applied using a squirt bottle) and a pressurized liquid (aerosol), as well as a technical formulation and a formulation intermediate.
Use practice limitations include a prohibition against discharging effluent containing the pesticide into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans or public waters unless specifically addressed in an NPDES permit, and a warning not to discharge the pesticide to sewer systems without previously notifying the sewage treatment plant authority.
Chloroxylenol is inactivated by hard water.
Additionally, Chloroxylenol is used in hospitals and households for disinfection and sanitation.
Also, Chloroxylenol is commonly used in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications and household antiseptics such as Dettol liquid, cream and ointments.
Chloroxylenol's antibacterial action is due to disruption of cell membrane potentials.
Chloroxylenol is a chemical compound which has antimicrobial effect due to disruption of cell membrane potentials.
Mainly, Chloroxylenol is an antiseptic and germicide.
Chloroxylenol is used to control bacteria, algae, fungi and virus and is used in hospitals.
Chloroxylenol (4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol) is a chemical compound with the formula C8H9ClO and CAS number 88-04-0.
Commonly, Chloroxylenol is used in antibacterial soaps; in agar patch studies, it has been found to kill a wide variety of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and the superbug MRSA, within 15 seconds.
Its antibacterial action is due to disruption of cell membrane potentials, blocking production of adenosine triphosphate (effectively starving the cells).
Chloroxylenol is a broad spectrum antimicrobial chemical compound used to control bacteria, algae, fungi and virus.
Antibacterial Chloroxylenol is used in hospitals and households for disinfection and sanitation.
Chloroxylenol is also commonly used in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications and household antiseptics, cream and ointments.
Chloroxylenol has a long history of safe use as an antimicrobial worldwide.
Chloroxylenol is developed in Europe in the 1920s and used in the United States since the 1950s, Chloroxylenol is one of the most mature antimicrobial agents around.
Chloroxylenol is a commonly used liquid disinfectant and antiseptic for a range of industries including the Medical industry for cleaning surgical instruments in hospitals and clinics, Therapeutics for use in wound cleaners, treatment for cuts, bites, stings and abrasions as well as sanitation for use in antibacterial/antiseptic soaps & hand cleansers.
Chloroxylenol can also be found in hair conditioners, toilet cleaners, deodorants, soaps and paste, as well as common household disinfectants.
At low concentrations, Chloroxylenol works by breaking through microbial cell walls to inactivate cellular enzymes due to its phenolic nature.
Chloroxylenol is most effective against gram-positive bacteria but still works against gram-negative bacteria.
Chloroxylenol is not significantly toxic to humans when used in liquid/cream antiseptics, as such it’s listed on the World Health Organisations List of Essential Medicines.
Preservative in cooling fluids, creams, topical and urinary antiseptics.
Chloroxylenol acts against a wide range of bacteria.
Liquids of Chloroxylenol are used for the cleaning and disinfecting of wounds and abrasions as well as abscesses.
The creams of Chloroxylenol are used for cuts, scratches, insect bites, burns and similar problems.
Powders of Chloroxylenol can be used to treat tinea problems of the feet and skin inflammations.
Also Chloroxylenol is used in pharmaceutical products, hair conditioners, toilet and deodorants, soaps, electrocardiogram paste, etc.
DESCRIPTION
Chloroxylenol, also known as para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant which is used for skin disinfection, and together with alcohol for cleaning surgical instruments.
Also, Chloroxylenol is used within a number of household disinfectants and wound cleaners.
Chloroxylenol is thought to act by disrupting microbial cell walls and inactivating cellular enzymes, and is less effective than some other available agents.
Chloroxylenol is available as a liquid.
Chloroxylenol was first made in 1927.
Moreover, Chloroxylenol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Chloroxylenol is sold in a number of formulations and under a number of brand names, including Dettol.
Soon after it was created parachlorometaxylenol was then called PCMX, but this was thought to be a poor name and it was renamed Dettol.
Then in 1932 Chloroxylenol was marketed in Britain and in India.
Chloroxylenol had a white on green bottle with a white sword depicted.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Chloroxylenol, or para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent used for skin disinfection and surgical instruments.
Also, chloroxylenol is found in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications, and household antiseptics.
The halophenol is shown to be most effective against Gram positive bacteria where it disrupts the cell wall due to its phenolic nature.
Chloroxylenol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Chloroxylenol is a member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine.
Chloroxylenol is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species.
Chloroxylenol is ineffective against bacterial spores.
Also, Chloroxylenol has a role as an antiseptic drug, a disinfectant and a molluscicide.
Additionally, Chloroxylenol is a member of phenols and a member of monochlorobenzenes.
Chloroxylenol derives from a 3,5-xylenol.
Chloroxylenol, or para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX), is an antiseptic and disinfectant agent used for skin disinfection and surgical instruments.
Moreover, Chloroxylenol is found in antibacterial soaps, wound-cleansing applications, and household antiseptics.
The halophenol is shown to be most effective against Gram positive bacteria where it disrupts the cell wall due to its phenolic nature 1.
Chloroxylenol is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Chloroxylenol (PCMX) also called 4-Chloro-3, 5-dimethylphenol, is a white crystal.
Chloroxylenol is a secure, high-efficient, broad spectrum and low-toxic antiseptic.
In addition, Chloroxylenol has large potency to Gram-positive, Gram-negative, epiphyte and mildew approved by FDA.
Chloroxylenolt has good chemical stability and doesn’t lose the activity in normal storage conditions.
Solubility in water is 0.03 wt%, freely soluble in organic solvent such as alcohols, ethers, polyglycols, etc. and solutions of alkali hydroxides frequently used in personal clean care products.
Chloroxylenol is low-poison antibacterial, frequently used in personal care products such as hand - cleaning detergent, soap, dandruff control shampoo and healthy products, etc.
Common dosage in lotion as follows: 0.5~1wt% in liquid detergent, 1wt% in antibacterial handing detergent, 4.5~5 wt% in disinfectant.
Chloroxylenol is a bactericide and antiseptic used mainly in public health situations.
Additionally, Chloroxylenol (CHL) is an antimicrobial ingredient that is frequently used in antiseptics/disinfectants for skin (e.g. hand soap) and non-living surfaces.
Also, Chloroxylenol (4-chloro-3, 5-dimethylphenol), a broad spectrum antimicrobial chemical compound, is used to control virus, bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Chloroxylenol is used in households and hospitals for sanitation and disinfection.
PROPERTIES
Side effects of Chloroxylenol are generally few but can include skin irritation.
Chloroxylenol may be used mixed with water or alcohol.
Moreover, Chloroxylenol is most effective against gram-positive bacteria.
Chloroxylenol works by disruption of the cell wall and stopping the function of enzymes.
Chemical formula: C8H9ClO
Molar mass: 156.61 g·mol−1
Melting point: 114 to 116 °C
log P: 3.377
Acidity (pKa): 9.76
Basicity (pKb): 4.24
SIDE EFFECTS
Chloroxylenol is not significantly toxic to humans, is practically non-toxic to birds, and is moderately toxic to freshwater invertebrates.
And, Chloroxylenol is highly toxic to fish, cats, and some amphibians and should not be used around them.
Chloroxylenol is a mild skin irritant and may trigger allergic reactions in some individuals.
-Humans
Excessive exposure to chloroxylenol has the potential for causing death.
Chloroxylenol can be poisonous when swallowed and even when it is unintentionally inhaled.
A medical study in Hong Kong which analyzed 177 cases of Dettol ingestion that resulted in emergency department treatment (95% of which were intentional), concluded that "Dettol poisoning resulted in serious complications in 7% of patients, including death."
-Animals
Chloroxylenol is toxic to many animals, especially cats.
Phenolic compounds are of particular concern because cats are unable to fully metabolize them.
A cat may swallow the product by licking its paws after they have come into contact with it.
In Australia, chloroxylenol spray has been shown to be lethal to cane toads, an invasive species that was introduced from Hawaii as a result of bad judgment in 1935. It had been hoped that the amphibian would control the cane beetle but it became highly destructive within the ecosystem.
Spraying the disinfectant at close range has been shown to cause rapid death to toads.
It is not known whether the toxins are persistent or whether they harm other Australian flora and fauna.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
As a phenol antiseptic, it is believed that the hydroxyl -OH groups of the chloroxylenol molecule binds to certain proteins on the cell membrane of bacteria, and disrupts the membrane so as to allow the contents of the bacterial cell to leak out.
This allows chloroxylenol to enter the bacterial cell to bind further with more proteins and enzymes to disable the cell's functioning.
At particularly high concentrations of chloroxylenol, the protein and nucleic acid content of targeted bacterial cells become coagulated and cease to function, leading to rapid cell death.
BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE
One study estimated the mean terminal half-life and mean residence time after a 200 mg intravenous single dose of chloroxylenol in healthy mongrel dog subjects to be 1.7 and 1.69 hours, respectively.
Alternatively, some product monographs liken chloroxylenol to a similar liquid antiseptic, triclosan, whose calculated urinary excretion half-life in man is approximately 10 hours.
ABSORPTION
No chloroxylenol was detected in the blood following the dermal administration of 2 g of p-chloroxylenol in an ethanol/olive oil vehicle in human subjects.
After a dose of 5 g, only traces were found, after 8 g, 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was found in the blood after 3 hours, and 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) after 24 hours.
After a dose of 20 g, 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) was measured after half an hour, and 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was present at 72 hours.
For antiseptic purposes, chloroxylenol is considered to be well-absorbed when applied to the skin.
SYNONYMS
4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol
para-Chloro-meta-xylenol
PCMX
Dettol
2-chloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene
3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol
4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol
4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol sulfonate
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol, potassium salt
chloroxylenol, sodium salt
Phenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-; 3,5-Xylenol, 4-chloro-; p-Chloro-m-xylenol; p-Chloro-3,5-xylenol; Benzytol; Desson; Dettol; Dettol, liquid antiseptic; Espadol; Husept extra; Ottasept; Ottasept extra; PCMX; RBA 777; 3,5-Dimethyl-4-chlorophenol; 4-Chloro-m-xylenol; 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 4-Chloro-3,5-xylenol; Willenol V; 2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene; 4-Chloro-1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzene; 2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-m-xylene; 2-Chloro-m-xylenol; Nipacide mx; Camel; Ayrtol; p-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; Nipacide PX; Para-chloro-meta-xylenol; Parametaxylenol; Septiderm-hydrochloride; m-Xylenol, 4-chloro-; NSC 4971
