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E 210 (BENZOIC ACID)

CAS Number: 65-85-0
Molecular Weight: 122.12
E Number: E210
EC Index Number: 200-618-2

E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a white (or colorless) solid with the formula C6H5CO2H. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 
The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) occurs naturally in many plants[9] and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. 
Salts E 210 (Benzoic Acid) are used as food preservatives. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. 
The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates.
White crystalline solid, usually in the form of scales or needles, having not more than a faint characteristic odour.

How is E 210 (Benzoic Acid) made?
There are two types of E 210 (Benzoic Acid) one is the natural form extracted from plants and can be used as a flavor with the FEMA No. 2131. 
Another one is the most used one, obtained from toluene synthesis and here we would like to introduce the brief manufacturing process of this one.

Origin of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
E 210 (Benzoic Acid), benzoates and benzoic acid esters are commonly found in most fruits, especially berries. 
Cranberries are a very rich source of benzoic acid. In addition to fruits, benzoates occur naturally in mushrooms, cinnamon, cloves and some dairy products (due to bacterial fermentation). 
For commercial purposes, E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is prepared chemically from toluene.

Function & characteristics of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi in acidic products. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) are not very effective against bacteria and ineffective in products with a pH above 5 (slightly acidic or neutral). 
High concentrations result in a sour taste, which limits the application. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) are often preferred, due to better solubility.

Products of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used in a wide range of acid or slightly acidic products.

Daily intake:
Up to 5 mg/kg body weight.

Side effects of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
No side effects in the concentrations used. 
In some people E 210 (Benzoic Acid) and benzoates may liberate histamine and thus cause pseudo-allergic reactions.

Dietary restrictions of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
None – E 210 (Benzoic Acid)  and benzoates can be consumed by all religious groups, vegans and vegetarians.

Functions of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
Antimicrobial Preservative - Actively kills and inhibits the growth of unwanted microorganisms which may be harmful.
Antioxidant - Reduces oxidation to prevent the formation of free radicals which may be harmful to health.
Preservative - Prevents and inhibits the growth of unwanted microorganisms which may be harmful
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) occurs naturally in many plants. It is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative (E number 210). 
Salts of E 210 (Benzoic Acid) are also used as food preservatives which inhibit the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid)t is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. 
Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. 
Acidic food and beverage like fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (vinegar) or other acidified food are preserved with benzoic acid and benzoates.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is approved to use as food additive and cosmetics preservative in EU. It is also recognized as safe food substance in US.

Uses of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Benzoic acid is mainly consumed in the production of phenol by oxidative decarboxylation at 300−400 °C.
The temperature required can be lowered to 200 °C by the addition of catalytic amounts of copper (II) salts. 
The phenol can be converted to cyclohexanol, which is a starting material for nylon synthesis.

Precursor to plasticizers
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) plasticizers, such as the glycol-, diethyleneglycol-, and triethyleneglycol esters, are obtained by transesterification of methyl benzoate with the corresponding diol.
These plasticizers, which are used similarly to those derived from terephthalic acid ester, represent alternatives to phthalates.

Precursor to sodium benzoate and related preservatives
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) and its salts are used as a food preservatives, represented by the E numbers E210, E211, E212, and E213. 
Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. 
It is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. 
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. 
If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95%. 
The efficacy of benzoic acid and benzoate is thus dependent on the pH of the food. 
Acidic food and beverages such as fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (vinegar) or other acidified food are preserved with benzoic acid and benzoates.
Typical concentrations of benzoic acid as a preservative in food are between 0.05 and 0.1%. Foods in which benzoic acid may be used and maximum levels for its application are controlled by local food laws.
Concern has been expressed that benzoic acid and its salts may react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some soft drinks, forming small quantities of carcinogenic benzene.

Medicinal
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a constituent of Whitfield's ointment which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot. 
As the principal component of gum benzoin, benzoic acid is also a major ingredient in both tincture of benzoin and Friar's balsam. 
Such products have a long history of use as topical antiseptics and inhalant decongestants.
Benzoic acid was used as an expectorant, analgesic, and antiseptic in the early 20th century.

Niche and laboratory uses
In teaching laboratories, benzoic acid is a common standard for calibrating a bomb calorimeter.

Use of E 210 (Benzoic Acid):
Use as a precursor to plasticizer:
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is the ingredient needed in the production of Benzoate and Dibenzoate plasticizers. These plasticizers are mainly used in flooring, film, adhesives, and sealants.
Typical Benzoate plasticizers include Isodecyl Benzoate (IDB) and Isononyl Benzoate (INB). Common Dibenzoate plasticizers include Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate and Neopentylglycol Dibenzoate.
Although Phthalate plasticizers have been the most commonly used plasticizers in past decades, non-Phthalate plasticizers such as the Benzoates have been on the rise in recent years as regulatory bodies around the globe have come to realize the potential danger of Phthalates to human health.

E 210 (Benzoic Acid) use as a feed additive
Pig farmers around the globe have been relying on Zinc Oxide to counter piglets’ Post-Weaning Diarrhea (PWD) for decades. Yet Zinc Oxide’s use has been restricted in recent years due to its severe environmental repercussions.
In face of the coming ban of Zinc Oxide in EU, and the growing restriction on its use globally, feed additive manufacturers have turned to Benzoic acid as an alternative,
either administered directly or applied with slow-releasing coatings, is effective in the prevention and mitigation of PWD.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) poses no harm to the environment due to its organic nature. Benzoic acid can also accelerate piglets’ fattening process.

Use as a Food Preservative and a Precursor to other Benzoic Salt Preservatives:
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a powerful anti-septic agent widely used in food and animal feed. However, due to its poor solubility, it is often more preferable to use its salts instead. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) Sodium salt, Calcium salt, and Potassium salt are among the most common food preservatives in the modern food industry.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is the monobasic simplest carboxylic acid of the aromatic series. It is registered as a food additive E210, belonging to the group of preservatives.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a white crystalline substance, practically insoluble in water, but highly soluble in chloroform and ethanol. It is considered a weak acid, has a specific smell (calorizator). 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is so named after the name of dewy incense (otherwise benzoin resin), from which it was obtained by sublimation in the XVI century. 
In the mid-19th century, Justus von Liebig identified the structures of benzoic acid.

What is E 210 (Benzoic Acid)?
Benzoic acid, white with the formula C6H5CO2H; E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a nearly transparent solid. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is sparingly soluble in water and is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid)'s name is derived from gum benzoin, which has long been the only source. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) occurs naturally in many plants and acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) salts are used as food preservatives. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. Salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates.

Commercially, almost all of the benzoic acid is consumed in the production of phenol by oxidative decarboxylation at 300-400 °C.

How is E 210 (Benzoic Acid) produced?
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. The process is catalyzed by cobalt or manganese naphthenates. 
Abundant materials are used in production and it proceeds with high efficiency.

The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as a catalyst. 
The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid with hydrochloric acid. 
The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated benzoic acid derivatives. 
Therefore, benzoic acid for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of benzoin gum. Benzoic acid suitable for use as a food preservative is now produced synthetically.

What does E 210 (Benzoic Acid)look like?
White colour; almost transparent solid

What is the molecular formula of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)?
Molecular Formula: C6H5COOH

Where is E 210 (Benzoic Acid) found?
Benzoic acid is used as a food preservative. It inhibits the growth of yeast, mold, and other bacteria. Acidic food and fruit juices, sparkling drinks, and pickles are preserved with benzoic acid. It is also used as a preservative in cosmetics.
How can you avoid contact with benzoic acid?
Avoid products that list any of the following names in the ingredients:

AI3-0310
AI3-03710
Acide benzoique
Acide benzoique [French]
Acido benzoic
Acido benzoico [Italian]
Benzenecarboxylic acid
Benzeneformic acid
Benzenemethanoic acid
Benzoate
Benzoate (VAN)
Benzoesaeure
Benzoesaeure GK
Benzoesaeure GV
Benzoesaeure [German]
Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (natural)
Benzoic acid, tech.
CCRIS 1893
Carboxybenzene
Caswell No. 081
Dracylic acid
E 210
EINECS 200-618-2
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009101
FEMA No. 2131
Flowers of Benjamin
Flowers of benzoin
HA 1
HA 1 (acid)
HSDB 704
Kyselina benzoova
Kyselina benzoova [Czech]
NSC 149
Phenylcarboxylic acid
Phenylformic acid
Retarder BA
Retardex
Salvo liquid
Solvo powder
Unisept BZA

Description OF E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) occurs naturally in some fruits and vegetables.  
However, on an industrial scale it is usually produced from toluene.  
Toluene occurs naturally at low levels in crude oil and is usually produced in the processes of making gasoline, or making coke from coal.
If anybody is interested, the chemical formula of benzoic acid is C6H5COOH.
Other names for benzoic acid include benzenemethanoic acid or Carboxybenzene.

Common Uses OF E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
The effectiveness of benzoic acid and it’s salts depends on the acidity (pH) of the food. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) may be found in acidic foods and beverages such as fruit juices, soft drinks, and pickles.

Health Issues / Side Effects 0F E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
There have been reports that people suffering from asthma, aspirin sensitivity, or urticaria may have allergic reactions and/or find that their symptoms become worse after eating foods containing benzoic acid.  
This may be particularly true if the foods also contain tartrazine (E102).
There has also been some concern that benzoic acid and its salts may react with ascorbic acid in soft drinks, forming small quantities of benzene.2  
This is a worry because benzene is toxic and linked to many forms of cancer.

Product Information of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
CAS number: 65-85-0
EC index number: 607-705-00-8
EC number: 200-618-2
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,USP,E 210
Hill Formula: C₇H₆O₂
Chemical formula: C₆H₅COOH
Molar Mass: 122.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2916 31 00

Applications of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Application: Benzoic acid powder, suitable for use as excipient EMPROVE® exp Ph Eur,BP,USP,E 210. CAS No. 65-85-0, EC Number 200-618-2.

Physicochemical Information of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Boiling point: 249 °C (1013 hPa)
Density    1.321 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 121 °C
Ignition temperature: 570 °C
Melting Point: 121 - 123 °C
pH value: 2.5 - 3.5 (H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 0.001 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density: 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 2.9 g/l

Toxicological Information
LD 50 oral    LD50 Rat 1700 mg/kg
LD 50 dermal    LD50 Rabbit > 5000 mg/kg

E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a food additive approved by the European Union (EU) and used as an antifungal and antibacterial natural preservative (in an acid medium) in food products.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is also known by the common name of benzoic acid, but may also be referred to as carboxybenzene or dracyclic acid.

E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is produced by hydrolysis of benzonitrile and benzamide and can be purified by the recrystallisation from water, due to its high solubility. 
E210 also occurs naturally in edible fruits and vegetables.

Examples of food and drink products that sometimes include E210:
marinated herring
marinated mackerel
beer
coffee
soft drinks
dessert sauces
salad cream
salad dressings
jam
pulp
purées
E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Product name:  Benzoic Acid
Other names: Carboxybenzene, E210, Dracylic acid, Phenylmethanoic acid, BzOH
CAS-No.: 65-85-0
Chemical formula: C7H6O2
Application: as an intermediate in chemicals, alkyd resins, polyesters, plasticizers
Package: 25 kg HDPE Bag / 600 kg Big Bag

Specification of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Parameter: Standard
Physical Appearance: White off / White Small Flakes
Assay (%): ≥99.0
Moisture: Max 0.5
Solidification Point ℃    121~123
Color hz: Max 50
Sulfated Ash %    Max 0.1
Soluble in: Alcohol, Benzene, Ether

Catalogue Number: 100130
Synonyms: Phenylformic acid, Benzene carboxylic acid
CAS number: 65-85-0
EC index number    607-705-00-8
EC number: 200-618-2
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,USP,E 210
Hill Formula: C₇H₆O₂
Chemical formula: C₆H₅COOH
Molar Mass: 122.12 g/mol
HS Code    2916 31 00
Boiling point: 249 °C (1013 hPa)
Density    1.321 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 121 °C
Ignition temperature: 570 °C
Melting Point: 121 - 123 °C
pH value: 2.5 - 3.5 (H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 0.001 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density: 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 2.9 g/l

Identifiers of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
CAS Number: 65-85-0 c
Beilstein Reference: 636131
ChEBI    
CHEBI:30746 
ChemSpider: 238 
DrugBank: DB03793 
ECHA Info: Card: 100.000.562 
EC Number200-618-2
E number: E210 (preservatives)
Gmelin Reference: 2946
KEGG: D00038 
MeSH: benzoic+acid
PubChem CID: 243
RTECS number: DG0875000
UNII: 8SKN0B0MIM 

Properties of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Chemical formula: C7H6O2
Molar mass: 122.123 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless crystalline solid
Odor: Faint, pleasant odor
Density: 1.2659 g/cm3 (15 °C)
1.0749 g/cm3 (130 °C)
Melting point: 122 °C (252 °F; 395 K)
Boiling point: 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K)
Solubility in water: 1.7 g/L (0 °C)
2.7 g/L (18 °C)
3.44 g/L (25 °C)
5.51 g/L (40 °C)
21.45 g/L (75 °C)
56.31 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in acetone, benzene, CCl4, CHCl3, alcohol, ethyl ether, hexane, phenyls, liquid ammonia, acetates
Solubility in methanol: 30 g/100 g (−18 °C)

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −70.28·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.5397 (20 °C)
1.504 (132 °C)
Viscosity: 1.26 mPa (130 °C)

Structure of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Crystal structure: Monoclinic
Molecular shape    Planar
Dipole moment: 1.72 D in dioxane
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 146.7 J/mol·K
Std molar
entropy (So298): 167.6 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298): −385.2 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −3228 kJ/mol

History of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Benzoic acid was discovered in the sixteenth century. 
The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596).
Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler determined the composition of benzoic acid. 
These latter also investigated how hippuric acid is related to benzoic acid.
In 1875 Salkowski discovered the antifungal properties of benzoic acid, which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.

Industrial preparations of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. 
The process is catalyzed by cobalt or manganese naphthenates. The process uses abundant materials, and proceeds in high yield.

toluene oxidation
The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as catalyst. 
The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid with hydrochloric acid. 
The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated benzoic acid derivatives. 
For this reason, benzoic acid for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of gum benzoin. 
Food-grade E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is now produced synthetically.

Laboratory synthesis
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a common undergraduate preparation.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. 
The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. 
This process usually gives a yield of around 65%.

By hydrolysis
Like other nitriles and amides, benzonitrile and benzamide can be hydrolyzed to benzoic acid or its conjugate base in acid or basic conditions.

From Grignard reagent
Bromobenzene can be converted to benzoic acid by "carboxylation" of the intermediate phenylmagnesium bromide.[15] This synthesis offers a convenient exercise for students to carry out a Grignard reaction, an important class of carbon–carbon bond forming reaction in organic chemistry.

Oxidation of benzyl compounds
Benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride and virtually all benzyl derivatives are readily oxidized to E 210 (Benzoic Acid).

Safety and mammalian metabolism
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is excreted as hippuric acid. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is metabolized by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid. 
Humans metabolize toluene which is also excreted as hippuric acid.

For humans, the World Health Organization's International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) suggests a provisional tolerable intake would be 5 mg/kg body weight per day. 
Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice. Lethal dose for cats can be as low as 300 mg/kg body weight. 
The oral LD50 for rats is 3040 mg/kg, for mice it is 1940–2263 mg/kg.

In Taipei, Taiwan, a city health survey in 2010 found that 30% of dried and pickled food products had benzoic acid.

Computed Properties of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)

Molecular Weight: 122.12
XLogP3: 1.9:
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1    
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2    
Rotatable Bond Count: 1    
Exact Mass: 122.036779430    
Monoisotopic Mass: 122.036779430    
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų    
Heavy Atom Count: 9    
Formal Charge: 0    
Complexity: 104
Isotope Atom Count: 0    
Defined Atom Stereocenter Coun:     0    
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0    
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0    
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1    
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes    

Physical Description OF E 210 (Benzoic Acid)    
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) appears as a white crystalline solid. 
Slightly soluble in water. 
The primary hazard is the potential for environmental damage if released. 
Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. 
Used to make other chemicals, as a food preservative, and for other uses.
DryPowder; Liquid; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
White crystalline powder
white crystal scales or needles with a faint urine, almond odour

What IsE 210 (Benzoic Acid)?
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 
The name derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time the only source for benzoic acid E210. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid)'s salts are used as a food preservative and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of many other organic substances. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is used in preserving foods, fats, fruit juices, alkaloidal solutions etc. Benzoic Acid E210 is also used as anti microbial agent, bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent in medicines.

Possible Side Effects of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Although E 210 (Benzoic Acid) generally regarded as a very safe and effective supplement, there can be some minor side effects. 
The side effects may: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Appearance: White Powder, Flake, Granules
Grade: Food, Feed, Tech, Pharma
CAS No: 65-85-0
E No: E210
Einecs No: 200-618-2
HS Code: 2916310002
Molecular Formula: C7H6O2
Molar mass: 122.12g/mol

What is E 210 (Benzoic Acid)?
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is used in the production of numerous industrial additives such as the Benzoate plasticizers, Together with several of its salts, are used as food&feed preservatives. It’s esters are common fragrances. In recent years, Benzoic acid is also found to be effective against piglets’ post-weaning diarrhea when administered as a feed additive.

Production Data
Items: Index
Content: 98-100.5%
Loss on drying: ≤0.5% after drying for three hours over sulphuric acid
Melting range: 121.5-123.5°C
PH: About 4 (solution in water)
Arsenic    ≤3 ppm
Lead    ≤5 ppm
Mercury    ≤1 ppm
Heavy metal (as pb)    ≤10 ppm
Sulphated ash    ≤0.05%
Positive sublimation test and test for benzoate    Qualified with regulations
Readily oxidizable substances    Qualified with regulations
Polycyclic acid    Pass test
Chlorinated organic compounds    ≤300 ppm
Appearance of solution    Clarification, colorless
Shelf life: 2 years


As a preservative for food (0.1-0.25%; for fish and shellfish up to 0.4%)
Naturally occurring benzoic acid and benzoates are skin constituents of the benzoic resin(benzoin), which is derived from various types of wood. Styrax species. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is also found in plums, cinnamon, cloves, aniseed, raspberries and cranberries.

Definition of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Einecs: 200-618-2
Chemical name: Benzoic acid; Benzenecarboxylic acid; Phenylcarboxylic acid
Chemical formula: C7H6O2
Molecular weight: 122,12
Assay: Content not less than 99,5 % on the anhydrous basis
Description: White crystalline powder

Identification of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
Melting range    121,5 °C -123,5 °C
Sublimation test: Passes test
Test for benzoate: Passes test
pH:  About 4 (solution in water)

Purity
Loss on drying    Not more than 0,5 % (3 hours, over sulphuric acid)
Sulphated ash    Not more than 0,05 %
Chlorinated organic compounds    Not more than 0,07 % expressed as chloride corresponding to 0,3 % expressed as monochlorobenzoic acid
Readily oxidisable substances    Add 1,5 ml of sulphuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling point and add 0,1 N KMnO4 in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 seconds. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0,1 N KMnO4 to a pink colour that persists for 15 seconds.
 Not more than 0,5 ml should be required
Readily carbonisable substances    A cold solution of 0,5 g of benzoic acid in 5 ml of 94,5 to 95,5 % sulphuric acid must not show a stronger colouring than that of a reference liquid containing 0,2 ml of cobalt chloride TSCa, 0,3 ml of ferric chloride TSCb, 0,1 ml of copper sulphate TSCc and 4,4 ml of water
Polycyclic acids: On fractional acidification of a neutralised solution of benzoic acid, the first precipitate must not have a different melting point from that of the benzoic acid
Arsenic    Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead    Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury    Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 210 (Benzoic Acid), a white solid, is the ammonium salt of benzoic acid. 
A coarse, white powder, ammonium benzoate is used in the coatings industry as a cost-effective, amine-free flash rust inhibitor for ferrous substrates. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is also used as a preservative in certain adhesives and rubber latex and is commonly used as industrial preservative for paper wrappers, an agent for reducing curing time in vulcanization of rubber and an analytical reagent for various elements. 
In personal care products, ammonium benzoate is used as a preservative.

What Is E 210 (Benzoic Acid)?
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is best known as a preservative used in processed foods and beverages to extend shelf life, though it has several other uses.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is an odorless, crystalline powder made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is a good preservative on its own, and combining it with sodium hydroxide helps it dissolve in products.

E 210 (Benzoic Acid) does not occur naturally, but benzoic acid is found in many plants, including cinnamon, cloves, tomatoes, berries, plums, apples, and cranberries.
Additionally, certain bacteria produce benzoic acid when fermenting dairy products like yogurt (1, 3Trusted Source).

SUMMARY
E 210 (Benzoic Acid)  is a man-made compound. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is  best known as a food preservative, though it has several other uses.

Various Uses in Different Industries
Aside from E 210 (Benzoic Acid)'s use in processed foods and beverages, E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is also added to some medicines, cosmetics, personal care products, and industrial products.

Foods and Beverages
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is the first preservative the FDA allowed in foods and still a widely used food additive. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is  classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), meaning that experts consider it safe when used as intended.

E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is  approved internationally as a food additive and is assigned the identifying number 211. 
For example, E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is listed as E211 in European food products.
E 210 (Benzoic Acid)  inhibits the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, mold, and other microbes in food, thus deterring spoilage. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is particularly effective in acidic foods.
Therefore, E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is commonly used in foods, such as soda, bottled lemon juice, pickles, jelly, salad dressing, soy sauce, and other condiments.

Medications
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is used as a preservative in some over-the-counter and prescription medications, particularly in liquid medicines like cough syrup.
Additionally, E 210 (Benzoic Acid) can be a lubricant in pill manufacturing and makes tablets transparent and smooth, helping them break down rapidly after you swallow them.
Lastly, larger amounts of E 210 (Benzoic Acid) may be prescribed to treat elevated blood levels of ammonia. Ammonia is a byproduct of protein breakdown, and blood levels may become dangerously high in certain medical conditions.

Other Uses of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care items, such as hair products, baby wipes, toothpaste, and mouthwash .
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) also has industrial uses. One of its biggest applications is to deter corrosion, such as in coolants for car engines.
What’s more, E 210 (Benzoic Acid) may be used as a stabilizer in photo processing and to improve the strength of some types of plastic.

Application of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) may be employed as a standard in the quantitative and calorimetric studies. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) may be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of the following:
paints
pigments
varnish
wetting agents 
aroma compounds
benzoyl chloride  
benzotrichlorideIt was used to investigate the mechanism of complex addition reaction of hydroxyl radicals with various aromatic compounds.

General description of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) is an aromatic monocarboxylic acid. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) occurs in the form of colorless leaflets or needles. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) reacts with hydrogenating reagents to afford hexahydrobenzoic acid. 
On decomposition (by heating) in the presence of lime or alkali, it affords benzene and carbon dioxide. 
E 210 (Benzoic Acid) can be synthesized by the cobalt or manganese catalyzed atmospheric oxidation of toluene.

Product Detail of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)
CAS Number: 87-69-4    
Molecular Weight: 150.087
Density    1.76: 
Boiling Point: 399.3±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6    
Melting Point: 170-172 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 210 ºC
Symbol    GHS05
GHS05    Signal Word    Danger

Synonyms of E 210 (Benzoic Acid)    
benzoic acid
65-85-0
Dracylic acid
benzenecarboxylic acid
Carboxybenzene
Benzeneformic acid
phenylformic acid
Benzenemethanoic acid
Phenylcarboxylic acid
Retardex
Benzoesaeure GK
Benzoesaeure GV
Retarder BA
Tenn-Plas
Acide benzoique
Salvo liquid
Solvo powder
Benzoesaeure
Flowers of benzoin
Flowers of benjamin
Benzoic acid, tech.
Unisept BZA
HA 1 (acid)
Kyselina benzoova
Benzoic acid (natural)
Benzoate (VAN)
HA 1
Benzoesaeure [German]
Caswell No. 081
Diacylic acid
Oracylic acid
FEMA No. 2131
Acide benzoique [French]
Acido benzoico [Italian]
Benzenemethonic acid
Kyselina benzoova [Czech]
 

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