EXOLIT AP 421

Synonyms:

Exolit® AP 422;Ammonium Polyphosphate;ammonium polyphosphate, Exolit AP 422 ;KNATRA68333-79-9 ;Exolit AP 420 ;Exolit AP 422 ;Exolit AP 423;Exolit AP 462 ;Exolit AP 740 ;Exolit AP 742 ;Exolit AP 750 ;Exolit AP 760;Exolit AP 765 ;Exolit AP 766;Polyphosphoric acids, ammonium salts;AP 422; AP 462; APP (fireproofing agent); APP 422; Albaplas AP 95; Amgard CL; Amgard MC; Amgard TR; Ammonium ortho and polyphosphate solution; Ammonium orthophosphate, superphosphate; Ammonium polyphosphates; Antiblaze MC; Antiblaze MCM; Budit 3076; Budit 3076DC; Budit 3077; Budit 365; DFP-I; EXO 462; Exolit 263; Exolit 422; Exolit 442; Exolit 454; Exolit 455; Exolit 462; Exolit 470; Exolit AP 422; Exolit AP 423; Exolit AP 462; FR-Cros 480; FR-Cros 484; Fire-Trol LCG-R; Flameguard PT 8; Hostaflam 423; Hostaflam AP 420; Hostaflam AP 422; Hostaflam AP 462; Hostaflam AP 464; Hostaflam TP-AP 751; Hostaflam TP-AP 752; Novawhite; Phos-Chek P 30; Phos-Chek P 40; Phos-Chek P 60; Poly-N 10-34-0; Poly-N 11-37-0; Polymetaphosphoric acid, ammonium salt; Polyphosphoric acid, ammonium salt; Sumisafe; Taien A; Taien H; Polyphosphoric acids, ammonium salts; [ChemIDplus] Ammoniumpolyphosphat; Phos-chek P/30; Phos-chek P/40; [IUCLID];Polyphosphoric acids, ammonium salts (TSCA Inventory); Ammonium polyphosphate, Ammonium polyphosphates, EINECS 269- 789-9, Polymetaphosphoric acid, ammonium salt, Polyphosphoric acid, ammonium salt; Exolit® AP 422, Exolit® AP 423, Exolit® AP 462, APP (fireproofing agent), Albaplas AP 95, Amgard CL, Amgard MC, Amgard TR, Antiblaze MC, Antiblaze MCM, Budit 3076, Budit 3076DC, Budit 3077, Budit 365, DFP-I, FR-Cros 480, FR-Cros 484, Fire-Trol LCG-R, Flameguard PT 8, Novawhite, Phos-Chek P 30, Phos-Chek P 40, Phos-Chek P 60, Poly-N 10-34-0, Poly-N 11-37-0, Sumisafe, Taien A, Taien H; [Produced by Hoechst as Hostaflam, since 1998 as Exolit® from Clariant:] Hostaflam 423, Hostaflam AP 420, Hostaflam AP 422, Hostaflam AP 462, Hostaflam AP 464, Hostaflam TP-AP 751, Hostaflam TP-AP 752;ammonium hydrogen phosphate;ammonium orthophosphate;ammonium phosphate;ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4);ammonium phosphate, dibasic;ammonium phosphate, monobasic;ammonium phosphate, tribasic;diammonium hydrogen phosphate;diammonium phosphate;monoammonium phosphate;monobasic ammonium phosphate;primary ammonum phosphate;triammonium phosphate;tribasic ammonium phosphate;Ammonium polyphosphate;triammonium phosphate;Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:3);10361-65-6
;68333-79-9;Triammonium orthophosphate;UNII-2ZJF06M0I9;Phosphoric acid, triammonium salt;triazanium phosphate;EINECS 233-793-9;EINECS 270-200-2;AC1L4LKC;(NH4PO3)n;MAP, Ammonium acid phosphate;2ZJF06M0I9;DTXSID8052778;Phosphoric acid, di-C4-18-alkyl esters, ammonium salts;CTK8G4282;MolPort-028-599-795;ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N;68412-62-4;IN001959;O756;SC-18317;LS-192343;Ammonium polyphosphate, Degree of Polymerization: >1000;Polyphosphoric acids, ammonium salts;Polyphosphoric Acids, Ammonium Salts;Polymetaphosphoric Acid, Ammonium Salt;APP;APP-0;APP-1;APP-3;APP ?;XAP-01;XPNPEP3;Ammonium polyphosphate;AMoMoniuM poly phoaphate;APP50 ( non-coated APP);Diammonium phosphate SALCOMINE ;Tetrabutylammonium phosphate; TRI-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; TRIHYDRATE AMMONIUM MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE ;HEXAHYDRATE Ammonium polyphosphate ;Ammonium acetate Sodium polyphosphate ;Polyphosphoric acids diammonium phosphate sulphate ;AMMONIUM ;Ammonium alcohol polyvinyl phosphate (hydroxy-phosphonooxy-phosphoryl)oxyphosphonic acid ;Ammonium sulfate ;Ammonium nitrate; PHOSPHATE GLASS ;2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid triammonium salt ;Ammonium hypophosphite
;68333-79-9 ;Ammonium polyphosphate polyphosphoric acids; ammonium salts; APP ;APP-0 ;XAP-01 ;APP-3 ;APP-1 ;ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant ;Water-SolubleAmmoniumPolyphosphate ;CrystallinePhaseIiAmmoniumPolyphosphate ;NH4n2PnO3n1 ;98333-79-9 ;Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP); Industrial/Fine Chemicals; UVCBs-polymer ;NH4PO3n ;Amyloid ß/A4 Precursor Protein Fragment; 328-332 6833-79-9 ;APP1000 ( non-coated APP) ;APP1001 (Melamine Coated APP); APP1002 (Silicone Coated APP) ;APP50 ( non-coated APP) ;AMoMoniuM poly phoaphate APP ? ;AMMoniuM Polyphosphate(HONOR APP-HS); Flame retardant AMMoniuM Polyphosphate(HONOR APP-HM) ;Anti-Aminopeptidase P3 antibody produced in rabbit ;Anti-APP3 antibody produced in rabbit; Anti-Putative Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 3 antibody produced in rabbit; Anti-X-Pro aminopeptidase 3 antibody produced in rabbit ;Anti-XPNPEP3 antibody produced in rabbit XPNPEP3 Phosphorus Series 69333-79-9;EXOLIT AP 422;EXOLITAP422;EXOLITAP 422;EXOLIT AP422;EXOLİT AP 422;EXOLİTAP422;EXOLİTAP 422;EXOLİT AP422;exolıt ap 422;exolıtap422;exolıtap 422;exolıt ap422;exolit ap 422;exolirap422;exolitap 422;exolit ap422;EXOLIT AMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE ;EXOLITAMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE 422 ;EXOLIT AMONIUMPOLYPHOSPHATE 422 ;EXOLIT AMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE422;EXOLITAMONIUMPOLYPHOSPHATE 422;EXOLIT AMONIUMPOLYPHOSPHATE422;EXOLITAMONIUMPOLYPHOSPHATE422;EXOLİT AMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE 422 ;EXOLİT AMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE422;EXOLİTAMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE 422;EXOLİT AMONIUMPOLYPHOSPHATE 422;EXOLİTAMONIUMPOLYPHOSPHATE 422;exolit ammonium polyphosphate 422;exolitammonium polyphosphate 422;exolit ammoniumpolyphosphate 422;exolit ammonium polyphosphate422 ;exolitammoniumpolyphosphate422;exolit ammonıum polyphosphate 422;exolitammonıumpolyphosphate 422;exolıt amonyum fosfat 422;exolıtamonyumfosfat422;exolıtamonyum fosfat 422;exolıt amonyumfosfat 422;EXOLIT AMONYUM FOSFAT 422;EXOLITAMONYUMFOSFAT422;EXOLITAMONYUMFOSFAT 422;EXOLİT AMONYUM FOSFAT 422;EXOLİTAMONYUMFOSFAT422;Exolit AP 422; EXOLIT AP 422; EXOLİT AP 422; EXOLITAP422; 422; exolıtap422; exolit ap 422; fr cros 484; FRCROS484; 484;
FR CROS 484; APP; app; ammonıum persulphate; AMMONIUM PERSULPHATE; amonyum persulfat; amonyum persülfat; AMONYUM PERSULFAT; AMNONYUM PERSÜLFAT; EXOLİT AP 421

Exolit AP 421
WHITE FINE GRAIN (PHASE II) APPLICATION POWDER WITH LOW WATER SOLUBILITY

Exolit AP 421 is a fine particulate ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) produced by a special method. The product is largely insoluble in water and completely insoluble in organic solvents. Exolit AP 421 is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.

Benefits
Non-halogenated flame retardant with a favorable environmental and health profile
Significantly reduced solubility in water, low viscosity in aqueous suspension, very low acid number
Particularly suitable as an "acid donor" for intumescent coatings thanks to its low solubility in water. Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others
Their application to wood or plastics allows these materials to qualify for building material class B (DIN EN 13501-1)
Excellent flame retardant effect in materials containing cellulose such as paper and wood products. With chipboard products, the DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15-20% of Exolit® AP 421
Provides a good flame retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when incorporated into the base formulation at a rate of 10-20%
Non-halogenated flame retardant suitable for polyurethane foams. PUR foams with Exolit® AP 421 can be recycled
An essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene, for which the UL 94-V0 classification is specified for applications in the electrical sector
In the case of thermosets like epoxy resins and unsaturated polyester resins, it paves the way for the production of lightweight components with low solids content.
Can be used in transport applications to achieve good fire, smoke and toxicity results (EN 45545)
(Bio-) degradable by decomposing into rock phosphate and ammonia

Exolit AP 421
Technical sheet
Exolit AP 421 by Clariant is a low viscosity, fine particle biodegradable ammonium polyphosphate. Acts as a flame retardant (UL 94 V-0) for recyclable polyurethane foams and electrical applications. Compatible with polyol resins PU, PP, epoxy and unsaturated polyester. Contains aliphatic amine as a hardener. It is halogen-free and non-hygroscopic. Has reduced solubility in water, very low acid number and high thermal stability. Suitable for the treatment of laminates. Exolit AP 421 has a shelf life of 12 months.
Product Type Flame Retardants / Smoke Suppressors> Ammonium Polyphosphates (APP)
Ammonium polyphosphate chemical composition
CAS Number 68333-79-9

Exolit AP 435
AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE

Exolit AP 435 is a fine particle ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) optimized for low viscosity in aqueous suspension and intumescent coatings. The product is largely insoluble in water and completely insoluble in organic solvents. It is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.

Advantages of Exolit AP 421
Optimized for low viscosity in aqueous suspension, low solubility in water and low acid number
Non-halogenated flame retardant with a favorable environmental and health profile
Particularly suitable as an "acid donor" for intumescent coatings thanks to its low solubility in water. Steel structures coated with intumescent paints can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others. Their application to wood or plastics allows these materials to qualify for building material class B (DIN EN 13501-1)
Provides a good flame retardant effect to adhesives and sealants when incorporated into the base formulation at a rate of 10-20%
Non-halogenated flame retardant suitable for polyurethane foams. PUR foams with Exolit AP 435 can be recycled
Excellent flame retardant effect in materials containing cellulose such as paper and wood products. With chipboard products, DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15-20% of Exolit AP 435
An essential component in intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene, for which the UL 94-V0 classification is specified for applications in the electrical sector
In the case of thermosets like epoxy resins and unsaturated polyester resins, it paves the way for the production of lightweight components with low solids content.
(Bio-) degradable by decomposing into rock phosphate and ammonia

Formula of Exolit AP 421: - (NH4PO3) -n> 1000
 
Mainly application of Exolit AP 421: intumescent coating, polymer and textile

Exolit AP 421 is a fine particulate ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) produced by a special method. The product is substantially insoluble in water and completely insoluble in organic solvents. Exolit AP 421 is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable.

ADVANTAGES of Exolit AP 421
Non-halogenated flame retardant with a favorable environmental and health profile
Significantly reduced solubility in water, low viscosity in aqueous suspension, very low acid number
Due to its low solubility in water, it is particularly suitable as an "acid donor" for swelling coatings. Steel structures coated with rising paint can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others. Application on wood or plastic, these materials Building materials Class B (DIN EN 13501-1)
When added to the base formulation at a rate of 10-20%, it provides a good flame retardant effect to adhesives and sealants.
Non-halogenated flame retardant suitable for polyurethane foams. PUR foams can be recycled with Exolit® AP 422
Excellent flame retardant effect on materials containing cellulose such as paper and wood products. Classification DIN EN 13501-1 with particle board products, 15-20% Exolit® AP 422
Indispensable component of thermoplastics, especially polypropylene, intumescent formulations, UL 94-V0 class is specified for applications in the electrical sector.
Pioneer in the production of lightweight, low solids components in thermosets such as epoxy resins and unsaturated polyester resins
Natural (bio) phosphate and ammonia can decompose

APPLICATIONS of Exolit AP 421
Swelling coatings
Due to its low solubility in water, Exolit AP 422 is particularly suitable as an "acid donor" for intumescent coatings. Other essential components of blowing systems include a binder, a carbon donor (eg pentaerythritol) and a blowing agent (eg melamine).

When exposed to a flame, the intumescent coatings form a carbonaceous foam that effectively protects the underlying material from temperature increases.

Steel structures coated with rising paint can meet the requirements of fire resistance classes specified in EN, DIN, BS, ASTM and others.

The application of intumescent coatings based on Exolit AP 421 on wood or plastic ensures that these materials comply with building material class B (DIN EN 13501-1).

When Exolit AP 422 is added to the base formulation at a rate of 10-20%, it gives a good flame retardant effect to adhesives and sealants.

Polyurethane foams from Exolit AP 421
Exolit AP 422 is a non-halogenated flame retardant suitable for polyurethane foams. If it is not possible to transport Exolit AP 422 in solid form, we recommend preparing an Exolit AP 422 / polyol suspension and dosing a flame retardant. Due to the low acid number of Exolit AP 422, it is also possible to include this flame retardant in an Exolit AP 422 / isocyanate suspension.

Exolit AP 422 suspensions must be mixed or circulated with the pump to avoid precipitation of solids. The mixers commonly found in service tanks suffice for this purpose.

Other applications
Exolit AP 422 has an excellent flame retardant effect on cellulosic materials such as paper and wood products. With chipboard products, DIN EN 13501-1 classification can be achieved by adding 15-20% ekolit AP 422.

Due to its high thermal stability, Exolit AP 422 is a mandatory component for intumescent formulations for thermoplastics, particularly polypropylene, UL 94-V0 classification specified for applications in the electrical sector.

Resins and composites based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve UL 94-V0 classification with Casting AP 942. Combinations of AP 422 with ATH show synergistic effects in UL94 and LOI tests.

Ammonium polyphosphate. It acts as a flame retardant. It is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable. It greatly reduces the solubility in water, aqueous suspensions have lower viscosity, PU polyol suspensions have lower viscosity and very low acid number. It is used for polyurethane foams and due to its high temperature stability, Exolit AP 422 is a key component required for applications in the electrical industry, UL 94-V0 class, in blowing formulations for thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene.

Use of Exolit Ap 422
Foaming component in coatings blown and adhesives / fillers
• solid polyurethane foams
Materials containing cellulose (paper, wood, wood chip products)
Intumescent systems for unsaturated polyester resins or epoxy resins
Polyolefin systems

Non-halogenated flame retardants provide more environmentally friendly protection for buildings, electrical and electronic equipment and other materials used in ships and planes, trains, buses and ships. Clariant's portfolio is based on phosphorus chemistry with production sites in Knapsack, Germany, Muttenz, Switzerland and Lufeng, China. Clariant fire retardants are marketed under the trade name Exolit.

Exolit AP 422 is an ammonium polyphosphate product.

Exolit AP 422 Fine-grained white APP powder with low water solubility

Other applications of Exolit Ap 422
Exolit AP 422 has an excellent anti-flammability effect on materials containing cellulose such as paper and wood products. With DIN EN chipboard products
Classification 135011 can be achieved by adding 20% ​​of Exolit AP 422.
Due to its high thermal stability, Exolit AP 422 is an essential component for thermoplastics, especially for intumescent polypropylene formulations.
UL 94V0 classification specified for applications in the electrical sector.
Casting resins and composites based on epoxy resins or unsaturated polyester resins achieve UL 94V0 classification with Exolit AP 422. AP combinations
Showed synergistic effects in UL94 and LOI tests with 422 ATH

Materials used in buildings, electrical and electronic equipment, boats and other planes, trains, buses and ships. Exolit AP product range
 Exolit AP 421 provides an ammonium polyphosphate polymer flame retardant which allows a wide range of different applications. The Exolit OP series offers a unique class of non-halogenated organophosphate flame retardants optimized for the environment for engineering thermoplastics. The Exolit RP family based on red phosphorus is used in specialty coatings and polymer applications.

Description of Exolit Ap 421
Liquid; Aqueous solution: odorless white granules;

Benefits of Exolit Ap 421
Significantly reduces water solubility
Colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable
Very low acid number
High thermal stability

Water content of Exolit AP 421 53.5% -56.5%
PH of Exolit AP 421 5.5 - 7.5
Viscosity of Exolit AP 421 <100 cP
Density of Exolit AP 421 1.9

Exolit Ap 422 Ammonium Polyphosphates

This section reviews the physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, toxicological, epidemiological and exposure data to ammonium polyphosphates (APPs). The subcommittee used this information to characterize the health risks associated with exposure to APAs. The subcommittee also identified data gaps and recommended research on determining the health risk from exposure to APAs.

Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia. The chain length (n) of this polymeric compound is both variable and branched and can be greater than 1000. Short and straight chain APPs (n <100) are more sensitive to water (hydrolysis) and more thermally stable than longer chain APPs N> 1000), very low solubility in water (<0.1 g / 100 ml).

APP is a stable and non-volatile compound. On contact with APP water, it slowly hydrolyzes to monoammonium phosphate (orthophosphate). Higher temperatures and prolonged exposure to water will accelerate hydrolysis. Long chain APP begins to decompose along with polyphosphoric acid and ammonia at temperatures above 300 ° C. Short chain APP will begin to decompose at temperatures above 150 ° C.

There are two main families of ammonium polyphosphates: Crystal phase I APP (APP I) and Crystal phase II APP (APP II).

Crystal Phase I APP (APP I) is characterized by variable linear chain length and exhibits lower decomposition temperature (approximately 150 ° C) and higher water solubility than Crystal Phase II ammonium polyphosphate. The general structure of the APP is given below.
In APP I, n (the number of phosphate units) is usually less than 100.

Names and identifiers of Exolit Ap 422
Calculated identifiers of Exolit Ap 422

IUPAC name of Exolit Ap 422
triazane phosphate

Molecular formula of Exolit AP 421
H12N3O4P

Ammonium polyphosphate, environmentally friendly, non-toxic, flame retardant halogen-free, chemical Ammonium polyphosphate is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.

The chain length (n) of this poly compound mother can be linear or branched. There are two main ammonium polyphosphate (APP) depending on the degree of polymerization:

APP Stage I - These are short linear chain APPs with n <100, high solubility in water and more thermally stable, decomposing at temperatures above 150 ° C
APP acts as a flame retardant in a coating which swells by the presence of other chemicals.

Exolit AP 422 is a fine particulate ammonium polyphosphate (phase II) produced by a special method. The product is substantially insoluble in water and completely insoluble in organic solvents. Exolit AP 421 is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable. Ammonium polyphosphate. Exolit AP 421 acts as a flame retardant. Exolit AP 421 is colorless, non-hygroscopic and non-flammable. Exolit AP 421 significantly reduces the solubility in water, aqueous suspensions have a lower viscosity, PU polyol suspensions have a lower viscosity and a very low acid number.
Exolit AP 421 is used for polyurethane foams and due to its high temperature stability Exolit AP 422 is a key component required for applications in the electrical industry, UL 94-V0 class, in blowing formulations for thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene. Commercially Clariant (ex-Hoechst AG Ammonium polyphosphate produced by the industry) is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branches. Its chemical formula is the chemical formula which shows that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygen and a negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds to be polymerized. [NH4PO3] n. In branched states, some monomers are devoid of ammonium anion and instead are linked to three other monomers. The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and the frequency of branching. Shorter chains (n ​​<100) are more sensitive to longer chains (n> 1000), (1) shorter time to polyethylene chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly- and tetrapolis-) and are more thermally stable and more soluble and show increasing resolution as chain length increases. Ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia. However, the iron and aluminum impurities dissolved in concentrated phosphoric acid form a gelatinous precipitate or "suspension" in ammonium polyphosphate at pH 5 to 7. Other metallic impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium and zinc form granular precipitates. However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to dissolve some metal ions in solution. Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier (E number: E545) and fertilizer. Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP) is used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in various polymers: the most important are polypropylene and especially polypropylene, which is part of APP swelling systems . A mixture of polypropylene with flame retardants based on APP has been described. Other applications are thermosets where APP is used in unsaturated polyesters and gelatin layers (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane moldings (intumescent systems). APP is also applied to flame retardant polyurethane foams. Long chain ammonium polyphosphates with a certain degree of crystallinity are used as flame retardants in polymers (form II). They begin to decompose at 240 ° C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of polycarbonate alcohols such as wood cellulose. Phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-labile phosphate esters. Esters break down to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst. In the gas phase, the evolution of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen in the air and the flammable decomposition products of the burning material. In the condensed phase, the carbonaceous lime formed helps the underlying polymer not to be attacked by oxygen and radiant heat. Exolit AP 421 is used as a stent when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as a diluent.