HOMOMENTHYL SALICYLATE

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound used in some sunscreens.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is made by the Fischer–Speier esterification of salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, the latter being a hydrogenated derivative of isophorone.

IUPAC name: 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
CAS Number: 118-56-9
EC no: 204-260-8
Chemical formula: C16H22O3

Contained in 45% of U.S. sunscreens, it is used as a chemical UV filter.
The salicylic acid portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet rays with a wavelength from 295 nm to 315 nm, protecting the skin from sun damage.
The hydrophobic trimethyl cyclohexyl group provides greasiness that prevents it from dissolving in water.

Similar to other UV filter compounds, more Homomenthyl Salicylate is absorbed into the uppermost stratum corneum (ie, the stratum disjunctum) of the face (25% of applied dose) versus back of volunteers.
This amounted to approximately two to three times the amount of sunscreen that was present in the superficial stratum corneum layers of the face compared with the back.
There was no Homomenthyl Salicylate detected in the urine samples or blood plasma samples of the volunteers in this study.

Homomenthyl Salicylate has been identified as an antiandrogen in vitro, as well as having estrogenic activity toward estrogen receptors α, and general in vitro estrogenic activity.
Homomenthyl Salicylate has been shown to be an antagonist toward androgen and estrogen receptors in vitro.
Some work has shown that organic UV filters in general can present concerns.

There is no in vivo evidence of toxicity, endocrine disfunction or adverse effects; and none of these adverse events have ever been reported to occur in humans.

An invivo study involving repeated subcutaneous injections of Homomenthyl Salicylate at dose levels up to 1000mg/kg of body weight to juvenile female Wistar rats over three consecutive days revealed no estrogenic potential in the uterotrophic assay.
Another study on immature Long-Evans rats receiving up to 892 mg/kg of body weight of Homomenthyl Salicylate in their daily diet found no estrogenic effects in vivo.

Research on zebra fish also found no estrogenic effects after being continuously exposed to Homomenthyl Salicylate for 96 hours straight.
The SCCS has declared there is no sufficient evidence that identifies pure Homomenthyl Salicylate as an endocrine disruptor in humans and further declared that invivo research has confirmed that Homomenthyl Salicylate has no genotoxic, phototoxic or photosensitive effects when applied topically.

Consumer Uses of Homomenthyl Salicylate:
Homomenthyl Salicylate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Homomenthyl Salicylate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Homomenthyl Salicylate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Homomenthyl Salicylate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Formulation or re-packing of Homomenthyl Salicylate:
Homomenthyl Salicylate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Homomenthyl Salicylate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses at industrial sites of Homomenthyl Salicylate:
Homomenthyl Salicylate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is used in the following areas: health services.
Release to the environment of Homomenthyl Salicylate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.

Molar mass: 262.349 g·mol−1
Density: 1.05 g/cm3
Melting point: < -20 °C
Boiling point: 181–185 °C

Solubility in water: 0.4 mg/L
Flash point: 171 °C
XLogP3-AA: 5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 262.15689456
Monoisotopic Mass: 262.15689456

Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Complexity: 324
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homomenthyl Salicylate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens.
There are no reported adverse effects from Homomenthyl Salicylate.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is a widely used chemical in sunscreens and skin care products with SPF.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is a potential endocrine disruptor and studies in cells suggest it may impact hormones.
In addition to direct health concerns following Homomenthyl Salicylate exposure, the chemical may also enhance the absorption of pesticides in the body.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound that belongs to a class of chemicals called salicylates. Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homomenthyl Salicylate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.

Endocrine Disruption:Homomenthyl Salicylate impacts the body’s hormone systems, and in particular, the estrogen system.
In human breast cancer cells, which grow and multiply in response to estrogen, Homomenthyl Salicylate exposure led to 3.5 times more cell growth and multiplication.
Some studies have identified the androgen and progesterone systems to be impacted by Homomenthyl Salicylate exposure.
The androgen and progesterone hormone systems are also affected by Homomenthyl Salicylate.
Although these findings have only been observed in cell cultures, caution should be exercised considering the role of these hormones in the regulation of development of reproductive organs.

The endocrine disrupting effects of Homomenthyl Salicylate are particularly concerning since Homomenthyl Salicylate and other cosmetic UV filters have been identified in human breast milk samples, and the estrogenic activity of Homomenthyl Salicylate has been observed in human placental tissues.
Gestation and infancy are both vulnerable periods of development when exposure to hormone-disrupting compounds can lead to adverse health effects.

Breast milk contamination may be quite common. In one study of 54 mother-child pairs, 85.2% of the breast milk samples contained UV filters.
The mother’s use of UV filter-containing products during pregnancy and/or lactation was significantly correlated with the presence of these compounds in the milk.

Skin Absorption: Homomenthyl Salicylate is absorbed by the outer layer of the skin.
Commercially available sunscreens containing Homomenthyl Salicylate have been shown to enhance the amount of pesticides we absorb through our skin.
Increased absorption of the herbicide 2,4-D was found in mice wearing Homomenthyl Salicylate-containing sunscreens in combination with the potent insect repellent DEET.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is a common sunscreen ingredient.
Research indicates it is a weak hormone disruptor, and sunlight breaks down the chemical into harmful byproducts.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic sun filter (from carbon).
This filter mainly absorbs UVB radiation, which is responsible for tanning but also for sunburn and skin cancer. 

Homomenthyl Salicylate protects the skin from the sun's harmful effects, which can lead to skin cancer in the long-term. 
Homomenthyl Salicylate remains stable and therefore provides effective protection during exposure to the sun.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound most often used in sunscreens as a chemical UV filter.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is a liquid oil soluble UVB sunscreen. Homomenthyl Salicylate (other name is homomenthylsalicylate) is an organic compound, an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol sunscreen agent for mainly UVB protection.
Can be combined with other sunscreens. Excellent dissolving properties for solid sunscreens.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates.
Homomenthyl Salicylate: is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homomenthyl Salicylate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens.
There are no reported adverse effects from Homomenthyl Salicylate.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is a chemical sunscreen based on the naturally occurring molecule salicylic acid.
Salicylic acid is found in willow plants but for industrial use it is typically made synthetically.
Another molecule is stuck onto the salicylic acid to make it less soluble in water so the sunscreen doesn’t get washed off easily.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is good at absorbing UVB rays, however there are some concerns about it’s safety (see below)

Chemical sunscreens are one of two classes of sunscreen, the other being mineral sunscreens like titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is also sometimes used in fragrances.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is one of the most commonly used UVB filters in sunscreens in the market.
Homomenthyl Salicylate belongs to the salicylate class and has a peak absorption of 306 nm.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is approved by the FDA for a maximum concentration of 15%.
Along with other salicylates such as octisalate, it is a weak absorber and is often used in combination with other organic absorbers.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound belonging to a class of chemicals known as salicylates.
It's a chemical sunscreen that shields the skin from sun exposure by absorbing UV light and converting it to heat so that it can't cause DNA damage to the skin cells, he adds.
There are plenty of other chemical sunscreen ingredients, but Homomenthyl Salicylate is incredibly common.
In fact, it's found in almost half of commercially-available sunscreens.

Homomenthyl Salicylate's mechanism of action—and that of any chemical sunscreen—depends on it being absorbed into the skin (unlike physical sunscreens, which sit on top of the skin).
It's this absorption into the body that's incited talk about the safety of these ingredients.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an ingredient used in the formulation of sunscreen products.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is also used in some eyebrow pencils, skincare, and lipsticks.

Homomenthyl Salicylate is used mainly as a sunscreen ingredient, protecting the skin against UV rays.
As you probably know by now, sun damage from UV rays contributes to the risk of skin cancers such as melanoma, as well as contributing to premature aging.

Another way in which Homomenthyl Salicylate is used is to protect ingredients in other formulations from degrading or absorbing UV rays.
Homomenthyl Salicylate does this by converting UV rays into less damaging infrared heat. 

The main benefit of Homomenthyl Salicylate is that it is able to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
Sunscreens generally reduce the risk of skin cancers such as melanoma.
As well as this important benefit sunscreens can also reduce sun sensitivity that is often experienced by those on medications that increase your sensitivity to the sun such as tetracyclines, sulfa drug, and isotretinoin. 

The other main benefit to sunscreens is that they also protect the skin from sunburn and premature aging.
Sun damage is one of the major contributing factors to premature aging, leading to more visible wrinkles, and fine lines. 

Sunscreens work in either of two ways, the first is physical sunscreens like zinc and titanium dioxide, which reflect the sun’s rays preventing it from penetrating into the deeper layers of the skin where damage can be caused.
The issue with physical sunscreens is that they need to be applied in a thick layer that often leaves a white layer of product on the skin in order for the sunscreen to reflect the UV rays properly. 

The other is a chemical sunscreen like Homomenthyl Salicylate which absorbs UV rays and transfers them into infrared heat.
Keep in mind that the heat that is produced from using chemical sunscreens is very minimal and unlikely to cause any irritation or damage by itself. 

As always, make sure to regularly apply sunscreen and protect your skin from sun exposure by wearing long sleeve shirts, hats and avoiding extended periods of time in the sun.

Other names:
Homomenthyl Salicylate
118-56-9
Homomenthyl salicylate
3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL SALICYLATE
Coppertone
Heliopan
Heliophan
Eusolex
3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) 2-hydroxybenzoate
m-Homomenthyl salicylate
Homosalatum
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
NSC 164918
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
MFCD00019377
Salicylic Acid 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl Ester
52253-93-7
NSC-164918
V06SV4M95S
Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
NCGC00091888-01
Homosalato
Filtrosol A
CCRIS 4885
component of Coppertone
SR-05000001884
Salicylic acid, m-homomenthyl ester
Metahomomenthyl salicylate
EINECS 204-260-8
UNII-V06SV4M95S
Homosalat
Kemester HMS
CAS-118-56-9
EC 204-260-8
SCHEMBL16207
BSPBio_001140
SPECTRUM1505020
SPBio_003030
BPBio1_001254
CHEMBL1377575
DTXSID1026241
CHEBI:91642
3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate
HMS1571I22
HMS2093G22
HMS2098I22
HMS3715I22
Pharmakon1600-01505020
HY-B0928
Tox21_111174
Tox21_202109
Tox21_303082
NSC164918
NSC758908
s4572
AKOS015904082
Tox21_111174_1
CCG-213330
DB11064
NSC-758908
NCGC00091888-02
NCGC00091888-03
NCGC00091888-04
NCGC00091888-05
NCGC00091888-06
NCGC00091888-09
NCGC00257063-01
NCGC00259658-01
AS-10409
SY051923
SBI-0206787.P001
AB00514041
FT-0614020
Salicylic acid,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
T2278
Benzoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
D04450
E78223
2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-OCTACHLOROBIPHENYL
AB00514041_02
EN300-7381967
A921433
J-519754
Q2260189
SR-05000001884-1
SR-05000001884-2
BRD-A34751532-001-03-6
BRD-A34751532-001-04-4