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Hostapur SAS 60 – A surfactant with optimum application properties and less impact on the environment.Sodium C14-17 Alkyl Sec Sulfonate. Hostapur SAS 60 as a detergent base and surfactant. It possesses good wetting properties and a high degreasing effect. Hostapur SAS 60 finds application in formulating bubble baths, shower gels, shampoos and personal care cleansing products. HOSTAPUR SAS-60 (60% active), Sodium C14 – 17 Alkyl sec. Sulfonate is an anionic, biodegradable surfactant for the detergent industry.
CAS NO: 97489-15-1
EC NUMBER: 307-055-2
IUPAC NAMES:
SAS
Sulfonic acids, C14-17-sec-alkane, sodium salts
SYNONYMS:
Sulfonic acids, C14-17-sec-alkane, sodium salts;C14-C17SEC-ALKANESULPHONICACID,SODIUMSALT;SODIUMSEC-ALKYL(C14-C17)SULPHONATE;SEC-ALKYLSULFONATE(C14-17);(C14-17)-secondary-alkanesulfonic acid, sodium salt
Consumer Uses
Hostapur SAS 60 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Another release to the environment of Hostapur SAS 60 is likely to occur from: indoor use as a processing aid.
Widespread uses by professional workers
Hostapur SAS 60 is used in the following products: biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.
Another release to the environment of Hostapur SAS 60 is likely to occur from indoor use as a processing aid.
Formulation or re-packing
Hostapur SAS 60 is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and washing & cleaning products.
Release to the environment of Hostapur SAS 60 can occur from industrial use formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
Hostapur SAS 60 is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and polymers.
Hostapur SAS 60 has an industrial use resulting in the manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Hostapur SAS 60 is used for the manufacture of plastic products, textile, leather or fur, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Hostapur SAS 60 can occur from industrial use in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.
Sodium C14-17 alkyl sec sulfonate is a Sodium salt of secondary sulfonated C1417 alkanes Sodium C14-17 alkyl sec sulfonate uses and applications include: Detergent base for manufacturing of detergents, cleaners, shampoos; wetting agent; surfactant, cleansing agent, and foam builder in cosmetics, textile processing
Benefits
Very good solubility
High wetting action
Pronounced foaming power
Excellent grease- and soil-dispersing action
Viscosity-dressing action
Outstanding enzyme compatibility
Chemical stability over a wide pH range
Increases action of modern detergent additives
Very good electrolyte compatibility
Possibility of combination with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants
Cost reduction
Low aquatic toxicity with less impact on the environment
Applications
Dishwashing liquids
Laundry detergents
Household cleaners
Cosmetic hair and body care products
Industrial cleaners
Special technical sectors
Storage
Hostapur SAS 60 separates out in storage into two phases, one containing more surfactant than the other. In addition, sodium sulphate can separate out at fairly low temperatures. It is, therefore, necessary to stir or pump round the tank contents constantly and at the same time to maintain a storage temperature of 65–90 °C. If a circulating pump is used, entrainment of air must be prevented by suitable design of the return pipe.
The demands imposed on surfactants have changed in the last few decades. Not only is an optimum price-performance ratio expected, but safety and impact on the environment are also prime considerations.
The secondary alkane sulphonate Hostapur SAS 60 meets these requirements in every respect. This surfactant has been highly successful on the market for many years. To date, over one million metric tonnes of Hostapur SAS have been produced in our European facilities.
One of the reasons for this great success is the enhanced environmental properties as shown by the life cycle assessment. We are convinced that over the coming decades Hostapur SAS 60 will continue to maintain and expand its position as one of the leading principal surfactants.
The Hostapur SAS grades are noted for the following specific application properties:
Very good solubility
· spontaneous dissolving, e. g. when used as dishwashing liquids.
· good low-temperature properties
High wetting action
· good drainage properties and rapid drying of dishes
Pronounced foaming power
· high yield of the finished products in use
Excellent grease- and soil-dispersing action
· development of finished products with defined and optimum detergent, cleaning and degreasing action
Viscosity-depressing action
· permits the formulation of flowable, highly concentrated detergents and cleaners with low water content and without solvents and preservatives.
Outstanding enzyme compatibility
· positive influence on enzyme stability
Chemical stability over a wide pH range
· formulation of alkaline cleaners with long storage stability
· stability to oxidizing agents; intended for chlorine-containing all-purpose cleaners
Increases action of modern detergent additives,
e. g. soil release polymers
Very good electrolyte compatibility
· manufacture of heavy-duty detergents with high builder content
Good skin compatibility
· formulation of mild dishwashing liquids
Possibility of combination with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants
· versatility in formulation
· synergistic effects in use
· electrically neutral salts can be formed with cationic surfactants
Cost reduction
· possibility of manufacturing highly concentrated liquid cleaners without hydrotropes
The surfactant of low aquatic toxicity with less impact on the environment
· rapid biodegradation
Range of grades
· Hostapur SAS is available in liquid and paste as well as in pellet and powder form
· permits universal processing in all fields of use
The synthesis of Hostapur SAS by the Hoechst light/water process yields detergent raw materials of consistently high quality. In this process, the raw material and energy consumption, as well as the emissions, are optimized at a minimum.
Most important uses for Hostapur SAS
Dishwashing liquids
· Standard dishwashing liquids
· Dishwashing liquid concentrates
Laundry detergents
· Liquid detergents
· Detergent powders
· Detergent pastes
· Soaking agents
Household cleaners
· All-purpose cleaners
· Liquid metal/ceramic cleaner
· Sanitary cleaners
· Floor cleaners
· Glass cleaners
· Toilet freshener blocks
Cosmetic hair and body care products
· Shampoos
· Shower gels
· Foam baths
· Liquid soaps
· Toothpaste
Industrial cleaners
· Automotive cleaners
· Metal degreasing agents
· Alkaline rust removers
· Hand cleaners
Special technical sectors
· Antistatic agents for polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethene
· Fire extinguishing foams
· Emulsion polymerization
· Textile and leather auxiliaries
· Oilfield chemicals
Dishwashing liquids
Consumers expect modern dishwashing liquids primarily to have optimum cleaning action and safety in use, in other words, good skin compatibility, coupled with optimum environmental compatibility. Another desirable feature is high yield, which can be achieved with concentrates. Adequate foaming power in the presence of grease and absence of streaks on dishes are taken for granted. Hostapur SAS as a principal surfactant in combination with amphoteric surfactants such as the alkyl amido betaines and/or alkyl ether sulphates and/or nonionic surfactants as co-surfactants enables dishwashing liquids to be developed that meet the above-mentioned requirements almost ideally.15 -20 The high solubility of Hostapur SAS enables highly concentrated dishwashing liquids with good storage stability to be formulated without the addition of cost-increasing solubilizers. The demand for this product class is rising steadily. These concentrates with a low water content offer primarily economic advantages such as lower transport and packaging costs. It is often possible to dispense with a preservative for these concentrates. Guide Formulations are available. Preservation of formulations containing Hostapur SAS depends foremost on the composition of the finished product in question. Hostapur SAS is a rapidly biodegradable surfactant and must therefore be preserved if the finished formulations have a low application concentration and a high water content. Most of the commercially available preservatives are suitable for this purpose. A preservative loading test must however always be carried out. Formulations with a fairly high active detergent content, for example, over 40 %, usually do not need to be preserved. Microbiological studies of Hostapur SAS as a function of the concentration of active detergent showed that an inherently bacteriostatic effect is displayed with concentrations as low as about 40 %. The low-temperature stability of the dishwashing liquids, for example, at -5 °C, can be further improved by small additions of OH-group-containing substances such as ethanol. An addition of 2 % ethanol and 2 % urea is recommended for concentrates with about 40 % active detergent. pH adjustment is generally done with sodium hydroxide solution or citric acid. When alkyl amidobetaines are used, an increase in viscosity may possibly occur in the acid pH range. If necessary, moisturizing agents can additionally be incorporated into the formulation. Because of the good dermatological properties of Hostapur SAS, this is, however, not necessary in most cases.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in dishwashing liquids
Very good solubility and thus economizing on solubilizers
Very good rinsing action, rapid drainage, shine and rapid drying
Optimum cleaning and degreasing action with a low concentration of active detergent and thus high dishwashing efficiency
Creamy, fine-bubbled foam, which can act as soil- and fat-suspending agent.
Compatibility with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
As a result, synergistic effects are often achieved
The faint inherent colour and therefore only small amounts of dye are required if colouration is needed.
Good skin compatibility, especially in combination with other surfactants
Liquid detergents
Liquid detergents are a major field of application for Hostapur SAS on account of their pronounced detergent properties. The liquid detergents are divided below into light-duty liquids for delicate wash and heavy-duty liquid detergents. The market for heavy-duty liquid detergents is still fairly young in Europe. In the USA the importance of these heavy-duty liquid detergents is much greater. These liquid detergents contain an average of between 35 and 50 % surfactants. In the USA the builders used are, for example, potassium tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate and sodium citrate. In Europe, by contrast, phosphates are largely not used. Moreover, in the USA, washing machines are designed differently from those in Europe and the average washing temperatures are lower than 30 °C. The US formulations also do not contain any bleaching agents because these are mostly used separately. In Europe, the liquid detergents used have a different structure. They generally consist of a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants with soap in approximately the same ratio. In addition, they contain solubilizers such as ethanol, propylene glycol and/ or xylene sulphonate, possibly enzymes, optical brighteners and chelating agents. 15 – 24 If enzymes are used in the formulations, Hostapur SAS offers better enzyme compatibility than most of the anionic surfactants such as linear alkyl benzene sulphonate or alkyl sulphate. As with the dishwashing liquids, when Hostapur SAS is used as the principal surfactant, for example, instead of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate, considerable savings of solubilizer such as ethanol can be achieved. Optimum liquid detergents without builders and having very good detergent action, solubility and stability contain as principal components Hostapur SAS, readily water-soluble higher-ethoxylated fatty alcohols and potassium or triethanolamine coconut soap; the anionic surfactant content of the total active detergent is generally one-third.
If builders are also incorporated in the liquid detergents, it is advantageous to use freely soluble surfactants such as Hostapur SAS. A further beneficial property of Hostapur SAS is its good electrolyte compatibility, in other words, good compatibility with the builders. The liquid light-duty detergents are used at temperatures up to a maximum of 60 °C. Hostapur SAS as a principal surfactant can be combined in amounts of up to 40 % with alkyl ether sulphates, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and/or soap. Another possibility of formulating with Hostapur SAS is to develop highly viscous to gel-like detergents with special rheological properties in use. Hostapur SAS permits a high surfactant concentration and rapid dissolving in use. Hostapur SAS permits a high surfactant concentration and rapid dissolving in use. Looking ahead, the demand for liquid detergents will undoubtedly continue to increase within the detergent market in Europe. This applies particularly to products that have an active detergent content of 50% and above. They thus meet the requirements for low-energy manufacture, high efficiency coupled with easy low metering and less impact on the environment. Detergents with high active substance concentrations can be developed without difficulty with Hostapur SAS.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in heavy-duty and light-duty liquid detergents
Better solubility in water than linear alkyl benzene sulphonate
High solubility, enabling highly concentrated detergents to be manufactured Hydrotropes can be reduced in quantity or omitted
Good detergent action
Good dispersion and solubilization of the soil, oil and fat particles
Pronounced foaming power in the presence of soil and fat
Good compatibility with electrolytes, which enables the hydrotropes to be reduced or even eliminated
Good calcium ion tolerance
Saving on enzymes Synergistic effects with soil release polymers
Good dermatological properties
Detergent Powders
Hostapur SAS can also be used to manufacture the various powder detergent types. The excellent solubility and the solubilizing properties lower the viscosity of the slurry. This brings a number of major advantages, especially substantial energy savings and capacity increases in the manufacture of detergent powders by the hot spraying process.
Powder-type heavy-duty detergents can contain between 6 and 10 % Hostapur SAS, relative to 100 % active detergent, in combination with fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers and soap as surfactant components. Powder-type light-duty detergents contain 10 to 15 % Hostapur SAS, relative to 100 % active detergent, in combination with small amounts of soap and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in detergent powders
Lower slurry viscosity
Higher solid content
Energy and time saving
Increase of spraying capacity
Reduction of hydrolysis of sodium tripolyphosphate due to less water content
Liquid all-purpose cleaners
Liquid all-purpose cleaners are the predominant household cleaners because of their ease of metering and wide range of uses. In general, they are adjusted to a fairly low concentration of active detergent. Owing to the electrolyte content, for example, sodium chloride or sodium carbonate, solubility problems and thus cloudiness may occur. Hostapur SAS, on the other hand, has specific advantages for the formulation of all-purpose cleaners because of its excellent solubility and electrolyte compatibility
This also applies to the incorporation of fairly large amounts of water-soluble active detergents or to the formulation of fairly highly concentrated finished products. The latter can be produced with Hostapur SAS without any great problems; an addition of a solvent such as a butyl diglycol is often advantageous here. Abrasives such as calcium carbonate can also be combined in high amounts with Hostapur SAS. For the effective use of liquid all-purpose cleaners, high fat-dissolving power and soil-dispersing power are of crucial importance. Hostapur SAS brings these advantages in combination with other components.
In addition, the product has an excellent wetting action even at low temperatures. This is particularly important for rapid cleaning, and equally for a largely streak-free and residue-free removal of dirt.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in liquid all-purpose cleaners
Excellent wetting action: Rapid distribution over the dirty, greasy surfaces to be cleaned
Electrolyte compatibility: Reduction in or elimination of hydrotropes
Strong degreasing and cleaning action: Largely streak-free surfaces
Good solubility Manufacture of highly concentrated all-purpose cleaners
Good skin compatibility
Liquid metal/ceramic cleaner
Liquid metal/ceramic cleaner usually contains a high abrasive content. The insoluble components are dispersed in the aqueous surfactant phase. To prevent the solid particles from settling, firstly abrasives with as small a particle size as possible are used and secondly a fairly high viscosity is employed.
The usually thixotropic formulations display advantageous properties in use: during storage the viscosity is high and when subject to shear stress during application the metal cleaner becomes less viscous, in other words, it flows readily from the bottle and can be spread easily over the surface to be treated.
Depending on its composition, the liquid metal cleaner can be applied to stainless steel, chromium, copper and brass surfaces. Besides a mild and gentle cleaning action, consumers expect above all a shiny finish and a water-repellent effect. The finished products are, however, intended to be suitable as widely as possible for the cleaning of glass-ceramics. Here, too, rapid wetting of the surface to be cleaned, as made possible by Hostapur SAS, is important.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in liquid metal/ceramic cleaner
Advantageous rheological properties when applied
Stabilization of the abrasives
Good wetting action increases efficiency
Good grease-dissolving power
Sanitary cleaners
Sanitary cleaners are used chiefly for the easy and economical cleaning of bathrooms and toilets. They are intended to remove all traces of lime, dirt and soap rapidly. Furthermore, it is often desired to remove dark mould patches on joints, tiles and shower curtains. The current sanitary cleaners are adjusted either to an acid or an alkaline pH. In general these products are expected to have an antimicrobial or disinfectant action as well, which can be achieved by special additives such as active chlorine (hypochlorite) hydrogen peroxide or by acids.
Surfactants with good wetting action provide the cleaning action. Owing to its chemical structure (C-S bond to the sulphonate group), Hostapur SAS has good stability to oxidizing agents and is stable in both the acid and the alkaline pH ranges. This stability to reducing and oxidizing agents makes Hostapur SAS a preferred surfactant for sanitary cleaners.
Of special importance is the stability of the oxidizing agents used in the individual surfactant systems.
The allround cleaners for baths are intended to be effective at fairly low surfactant concentrations. As a result of the pronounced wetting and cleaning action of Hostapur SAS, this is also achieved according to the EC recommendation at anionic surfactant concentrations between 5 and 15 % in the finished product.
The chemical stability of Hostapur SAS also enables it to be used in toilet freshener blocks.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in sanitary cleaners
·Chemical stability to oxidizing agents
·Stability in the acid and alkaline pH ranges
·Good wetting power and thus increase in effectiveness
·Better chlorine stability than other surfactants
Hair and body care products
In cosmetic preparations, Hostapur SAS has proved successful particularly as a co-surfactant on account of its product-specific properties. This applies especially to the combination with alkyl ether sulphates in the manufacture of hair and body care products.
Compared to alkyl ether sulphates, Hostapur SAS has a stronger cleansing and degreasing action. The viscosity depressing property of the secondary alkane sulphonate also limits the concentration used in the fairly high-viscosity cosmetic hair and body care products. Apart from exceptions, mixtures with a higher content of alkyl ether sulphate are therefore used.
Guide values for the mixing ratios are as follows:
· For finished products with content over 12 % active detergent: 70 parts ether sulphate to 30 parts Hostapur SAS.
· For finished products with less than 12 % active detergent the mixing ratio should be 80 parts ether sulphate to 20 parts Hostapur SAS.
The mixing ratios are calculated on 100 % active substance.
The viscosity can be adjusted with sodium chloride and/or ammonium chloride and/or magnesium chloride very economically. Similarly, fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a low degree of ethoxylation such as Genapol L-3 in combination with the above-mentioned electrolytes can be used. Fatty acid polyglycol esters or special cellulose ethers can also be used to increase viscosity.
A combination of alkyl ether sulphate, alkyl amido betaine and Hostapur SAS, for example, in the mixing ratio 6 : 2 : 2, can bring advantages in respect of rheology, foaming properties and dermatological properties.
By adding Hostapur SAS to liquid hair and body care products the low-temperature cloud point as a function of the active detergent content and the mixing ratio can be lowered by about 4 to 7 °C. This is a particular advantage also for preparations containing pearlizing agents.
Special emulsifiers or solubilizers are needed to solubilize slightly soluble perfume oils. Owing to the pronounced solubilizing action of Hostapur SAS, the use of these auxiliaries is often unnecessary
The flash foam required for use, especially in the presence of dirt and grease, can also be increased by the Hostapur SAS content in the formulations.
The numerous uses of Hostapur SAS in cosmetic preparations are described briefly as follows:
Hair shampoos
The addition of Hostapur SAS enables hair shampoos with special effects to be developed. The stronger degreasing action of Hostapur SAS makes it possible to increase the cleaning action, for example, in mixtures with alkyl ether sulphates. This is an advantage in formulating low-cost effective shampoos for greasy hair.
The possibility is also afforded of manufacturing single application shampoos, which can obviate the need for washing a second time.
Shampoo concentrates with a high active detergent content can also be formulated with Hostapur SAS in combination with other surfactants. Here, the viscosity-depressing property of Hostapur SAS is an advantage in formulation; in other words, viscosity depressing additives such as ethanol and glycols can largely be omitted.
Last but not least, Hostapur is suitable for the manufacture of special “clean shampoos”, which enable hair setting products or highly substantive cationic polymers to be washed out of hair.
Shower gels
The universally usable shower gels are generally used for cleaning the skin and hair at the same time. Flash foam formation is particularly important in this application. With the partly use of Hostapur SAS a fine-bubble foam and rapid spread of the shower gel over the skin and hair can be achieved, as a function of the concentration used.
Foam baths
Foam baths are used in extremely diluted concentrations in the bath water; the active detergent content in the bath water is 0.002 %. The finished products are therefore often adjusted to an active detergent content of, for example, 50 %. When the usual surfactants such as alkyl ether sulphates and alkyl amidobetaines are used, a gel that is slightly soluble in the bath water is usually produced in this concentration range. By adding Hostapur SAS, the solubility in water is improved dramatically. At the same time, beneficial rheological properties such as flowability at room temperature are achieved. Moreover, it is not necessary to add the commonly used solubilizers.
Liquid soaps
Liquid soaps have become established as an alternative to conventional bar soaps in the body care product sector, above all because of their ease of use. Since the hands are, generally speaking, fairly dirty, a strong cleaning action is required. By using Hostapur SAS, this effect can be achieved easily. Soaps By adding, for example, 1 to 3 % Hostapur SAS to the soap formulation, processing can be facilitated and dispersion of the dyes used can be improved. To a certain extent, the amount of the expensive C12 fatty acid can be reduced. Emulsions By adding small amounts of Hostapur SAS to emulsions, especially oil-in-water emulsions, the spontaneity of emulsion formation can be improved during manufacture. Moreover, the finer distribution of the emulsified droplets is achieved.
Toothpaste
Hostapur SAS can also be used in toothpaste as an alternative to the lauryl sulphate sodium salt often employed as a foamer in dental care products. Advantages are the good cleaning action as well as the good electrolyte compatibility and dispersing action
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in cosmetic preparations
·Lowering of the raw material costs by partial replacement of other principal surfactants
·Improvement in low-temperature stability
·Manufacture of highly concentrated formulations
·Improvement in spontaneous solubility in water
·Reduction in solubilizers, especially with concentrates
·Foam stabilization
·Increased cleaning action by varying the Hostapur SAS: alkyl ether sulphate mixing ratio.
Industrial cleaners
High-pressure cleaners
These cleaners are in many cases adjusted to an alkaline pH with sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate. Hostapur SAS has optimum foaming and cleaning action in this pH range as well.
Automotive cleaners
Hostapur SAS is used as a principal surfactant in car shampoos for private use and for commercial car washes. Equally, acid, alkaline or neutral cleaners can be formulated with Hostapur SAS for buses, railway trucks and lorries. The high cleaning action of the secondary alkane sulphonate, in particular, is of great importance here. Furthermore, the foaming properties and the associated soil-and oil-suspending power play a major role in effective use. The concentration of Hostapur SAS used, calculated on 100 %, is generally between 2 and 5 %. Hostapur SAS can however also be used with fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers in an approximate mixing ratio of 3 : 1.
Alkaline rust removers
The pH stability in the presence of potassium hydroxide solution makes Hostapur SAS in amounts of 1 to 2 % ideal for use in these products.
Hand cleaners
Hand cleaners are used in industrial plants and workshops for cleaning very dirty hands. To increase the cleaning action, mechanically effective substances such as wood flour, soda, sodium sulphate or polymer powder are used. Hostapur SAS in amounts of 10 to 50 % can be used as an active detergent. The dispersion action and degreasing power of this surfactant is an advantage for this application. Cleaners for dairies and butchers’ shops Hostapur SAS can be used for the manufacture of cleaners for butchers’ shops and milling machines because of its excellent cleaning and degreasing power.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS in Industrial cleaners
·High stability in a broad pH range (acid and alkaline) and oxidation agents
·Good compatibility with all types of electrolytes
·Excellent wetting power
·Strong degreasing and cleaning effects
·Good dispersion and solubilization of fat, soil, and pigments
·High solubility and a good cold stability
Hostapur SAS has many uses in the technical sector.
Antistatic agents for polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene Plastics mostly have the undesirable property of accumulating a static charge. Surfactants such as Hostapur SAS form on the surface of the polymers a mono- or multi-molecular film, which increases the conductivity with atmospheric moisture. It is often possible to incorporate Hostapur SAS in the polymer compound, for example, in the case of polyvinyl chloride. This also applies to polystyrene and styrene copolymers and to polyethylene.
Fire extinguishing foams
The pronounced flash foaming power of Hostapur SAS can be used in combination with other surfactants very effectively to formulate fire extinguishing agents.
Emulsion polymerization
Secondary alkane sulphonates have been used successfully for decades in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride. Hostapur SAS has proved successful both as an emulsifier in continuous and discontinuous processes and for the stabilization of the latex following polymerization by the nucleation process; in the latter process polymerization is carried out with only a low emulsifier concentration and the dispersion is stabilized subsequently by adding suitable emulsifiers. Hostapur SAS is noted for its good dispersibility, which is evidenced by good stability of the latex to mechanical stress and good process control (little tendency for deposits to form in the reaction vessel). Owing to the absence of double bonds, the emulsifier does not act as a radical interceptor. This ensures a readily reproducible reaction course and results in end products with good heat stability because of the lower demand for persulphate (radical forming agent) and the lower tendency to block polymerization (no reaction between the emulsifier and the reaction partners). The low salt content of Hostapur SAS also has a positive influence on the heat stability of the end product.
In the manufacture of butadiene copolymers, butadienestyrene and butadiene-acrylonitrile latices, soaps (fatty soaps, resin soaps) are generally used. The soaps have the advantage over the synthetic anionic emulsifiers that the polymer can be precipitated by acidification or addition of salt and the fatty or resin acid remaining in the product serves as a plasticizer at the same time. One evident disadvantage of the soaps is the instability of the latex (coagulation on slight change in pH and contamination, low resistance to fillers) and poorer chemical and heat stability. For these reasons the synthetic emulsifiers are increasingly gaining ground, particularly for special products, for example, the carboxylated butadiene copolymers (for carpet backcoating, for papermaking, adhesives etc). Because of its constant quality and low salt content, Hostapur SAS is highly suitable for this application.
Textile and leather auxiliaries
Owing to its chemical stability and very good wetting action, Hostapur SAS can be used in the manufacture of synthetic fibres and in the finishing of textile fibres, for example, as an antistatic agent. 30 Other uses for the secondary alkane sulphonate are cotton scouring, mercerizing and carbonization and the preparation of leather fatliquors.
Oilfield chemicals
Hostapur SAS is also used successfully in the tertiary recovery of oil.
Advantages of Hostapur SAS for special technical sectors
·Excellent antistatic effect for polyethylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride
·High foam stability and flash foaming power in combination with co-surfactants
·Good emulsifier for the emulsion polymerization in continuous and discontinuous processes
·High wetting action in textile and leather auxiliaries for manufacture and finishing of textile fibres
·Special additive with high heat and electrolyte stability for the tertiary recovery of oil
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Foaming power
Hostapur SAS has good foaming power, which is very pronounced, especially in soft water. Flash foam is a characteristic property of the secondary alkane sulphonates. An increase in foaming properties, especially in hard water, can be achieved, for example, by a combination of Hostapur SAS with an alkyl ether sulphate in the ratio 4 : 1.
The good foaming properties of the Hostapur SAS/alkyl ether sulphate mixtures are clearly discernible.
Rheological properties
The viscosity of the aqueous Hostapur SAS solutions rises only slightly up to about 30 % active detergent. Above 30 %, however, a rapid rise in the inhomogeneous paste region can be observed. The low-concentration aqueous Hostapur SAS solutions exhibit Newtonian flow.
The flow properties of Hostapur SAS 30 and pastegrade Hostapur SAS 60 are of importance particularly for transport and conveying.
The flow diagrams are given in section Conveying/mixing.
pH STABILITY
The Hostapur SAS grades are stable in the acid and in the alkaline pH range.
Detergent action
The good soil removal power of Hostapur SAS is not appreciably reduced by water hardness salts. The builders used in practice increase the cleaning effect.
Solubilization
The good solubilizing power of Hostapur SAS towards hydrophobic oils and fats is characteristic of this type of surfactant. In practical use in cleaners, this means increased degreasing and often a saving of solubilizers, for example, for perfumes. The solubilizing effect rises with the surfactant concentration, the temperature and often also with the electrolyte content of the solution. Solubilization in the Hostapur SAS solution can also be increased and speeded up by mechanical means and lengthy stirring
Emulsifying action
Secondary alkane sulphonates also display good emulsifying action. As co-emulsifiers, they are suitable for the manufacture of liquid and cream oil-in-water emulsions. Concentrations as low as under 1 % bring spontaneous emulsion formation in manufacture and an improvement in emulsion stability. Moreover, finer distribution of the emulsified droplets is possible
Electrolyte stability
Hostapur SAS has only slight sensitivity to electrolytes. The viscosity of the aqueous solutions is increased only slightly by additions of electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate.
Properties of Hostapur SAS 60
Active content [%]: Approx.60
Appearance: Yellowish soft paste
Sodium sulphate [%]: Max. 4.2
Paraffin [%]: Max. 0.7
Viscosity: Approx. 7500
Most important uses for Hostapur SAS-60
·Dishwashing liquids
·Standard dishwashing liquids & concentrates
·Laundry detergents
·Liquid detergents, detergent powders and pastes
·Household cleaners
·All-purpose cleaners-Liquid metal/ceramic cleaner-Sanitary cleaners-Floor cleaners
·Cosmetic hair and body care products
·Shampoos-Showergels-Foam baths-Liquid soaps-Toothpastes
·Industrial cleaners
·Automotive cleaners-Metal degreasing agents-Alkaline rust removers-Hand cleaners
·Special technical sectors
·Antistatic agents for polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene.
·Fire extinguishing foams
·Emulsion polymerization
·Textile and leather auxiliaries
·Oilfield chemicals
Specific application properties of Hostapur SAS 60
·Very good solubility
·Spontaneous dissolving.-Good low-temperature properties
·High wetting action
·Good drainage properties
·Pronounced foaming power
·High yield of the finished products in use
·Excellent grease-and soil dispersing action
·Development of finished products with defined and optimum detergent, cleaning and degreasing action.
·Viscosity
·Permits the formulation of flowable, highlyconcentrated detergents and cleaners with low water content and without solvents and preservatives, saves transport and packaging cost.
·Outstanding enzyme compatibility
·Positive influence on enzyme stability.
·Chemical stability over a wide pH range.
·Formulation of alkaline cleaners with long storage stability. Stability to oxidizing agents, intended for chlorine-containing all-purpose cleaners
·Increase action of detergent additives
·Soil release polymer
·Very good electrolyte compatibility
·Manufacture of heavy duty detergents with highbuilder content
·Good skin compatibility
·Formulation of mild dishwashing liquids.
·Compatible with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants
·Synergistic effect in use.
·Cost reduction
·Possibility of manufacturing highly concentrated liquid cleaners.
·The environmentally friendly surfactant of low aquatictoxicity
·Biodegradable.
