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HYDROQUINONE

Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. 
Hydroquinone has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. 
Hydroquinone is a white granular solid. 

CAS Number : 123-31-9 
EC  Number : 204-617-8
ECHA InfoCard    : 100.004.199 
PubChem CID    : 785
ChemSpider    : 764 
Chemical formula :    C6H6O2
Molar mass     :      110.112 g·mol−1
Appearance     :      White solid
Density             :      1.3 g cm−3, solid
Melting point     :      172 °C
Boiling point     :      287 °C

Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. 
The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.

Production
Hydroquinone is produced industrially in two main ways.

The most widely used route is similar to the cumene process in reaction mechanism and involves the dialkylation of benzene with propene to give 1,4-diisopropylbenzene. 
Hydroquinone reacts with air to afford the bis(hydroperoxide), which is structurally similar to cumene hydroperoxide and rearranges in acid to give acetone and hydroquinone.
A second route involves hydroxylation of phenol over a catalyst. 
The conversion uses hydrogen peroxide and affords a mixture of Hydroquinone and its ortho isomer catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):

C6H5OH+H2O2⟶C6H4(OH)2+H2O 

Other, less common methods include:

A potentially significant synthesis of Hydroquinone from acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl has been proposed.
Iron pentacarbonyl serves as a catalyst, rather than as a reagent, in the presence of free carbon monoxide gas. 
Rhodium or ruthenium can substitute for iron as the catalyst with favorable chemical yields but are not typically used due to their cost of recovery from the reaction mixture.
Hydroquinone and its derivatives can also be prepared by oxidation of various phenols. 
Examples include Elbs persulfate oxidation and Dakin oxidation.
Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists Pelletier and Caventou via the dry distillation of quinic acid.

Reactions of Hydroquinone
The reactivity of Hydroquinone's hydroxyl groups resembles that of other phenols, being weakly acidic. 
The resulting conjugate base undergoes easy O-alkylation to give mono- and diethers. 
Similarly, Hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel–Crafts reactions such as alkylation. 
This reaction is exploited en route to popular antioxidants such as 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA). 
The useful dye quinizarin is produced by diacylation of Hydroquinone with phthalic anhydride.

Redox of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone. 
This process can be reversed. 
Some naturally occurring Hydroquinone derivatives exhibit this sort of reactivity, one example being coenzyme Q. 
Industrially this reaction is exploited both with Hydroquinone itself but more often with its derivatives where one OH has been replaced by an amine.

When colorless Hydroquinone and benzoquinone, a bright yellow solid, are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C) called quinhydrone (C6H6O2·C6H4O2) is formed. 
This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution.

Uses of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. 
Hydroquinone is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver.
There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. 

As a polymerisation inhibitor, exploiting its antioxidant properties, hydroquinone prevents polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, cyanoacrylate, and other monomers that are susceptible to radical-initiated polymerization. 
By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.
Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion. 
The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK.

Skin depigmentation
Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin. 
Hydroquinone does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does. 
This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976.

In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations.
The FDA officially banned Hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process.
The FDA stated that Hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen.
This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. 
The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns.

Numerous studies have revealed that Hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. 
The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone.
NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects.

While Hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy.
Several such agents are already available or under research,including azelaic acid,kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. 
One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter.

Natural occurrences of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. 
The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. 
This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. 
When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones. 
These reactions release free oxygen and generate enough heat to bring the mixture to the boiling point and vaporize about a fifth of it, producing a hot spray from the beetle's abdomen.

Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms.
Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis.
Hydroquinone is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. 
Hydroquinone is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.

Hydroquinone is produced as an inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, motor fuels, and oils; in photographic processing; and naturally in certain plant species, Hydroquinone is a phenol derivative with antioxidant properties that can cause toxicity in several organs, notably the kidney. 
Used as a topical treatment for skin hyperpigmentation and in various cosmetic products, it is metabolized mainly to glutathione conjugates and forms mutagenic DNA adducts in in-vitro systems.

Hydroquinone appears as light colored crystals or solutions. 
May irritate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. 
Mildly toxic by ingestion or skin absorption.

Hydroquinone is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other. 
Hydroquinone has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite. Hydroquinone is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones.

Use and Manufacturing of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in black-and-white photography, lithography, and x-ray films. It is also used as an intermediate to produce antioxidants for rubber and food. It is added to a number of industrial monomers to inhibit polymerization during shipping, storage, and processing.

Industry Uses of Hydroquinone
Antioxidant
Intermediate
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Photosensitive chemicals
Process regulators
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses of Hydroquinone
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Photosensitive chemicals

Household Products of Hydroquinone
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 49 consumer products that contain Hydroquinone in the following categories is provided:
Auto Products
Inside the Home
Personal Care

Hydroquinone is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin.
This medicine works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.
Hydroquinone is a chemical that a person can use to lighten their skin tone. 
Hydroquinone is available as a cream, gel, lotion, or emulsion. 
Hydroquinone is generally safe to use, but some people may experience side effects, such as dry skin.

Uses of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is a chemical that bleaches the skin. 
Hydroquinone can come as a cream, emulsion, gel, or lotion. 
A person can apply these products directly to the skin.
Creams that contain hydroquinone are available with a prescription from a doctor.
People may use hydroquinone as a form of treatment for hyperpigmentation skin conditions, wherein some areas of skin grow darker than surrounding areas.

Hydroquinone is a depigmenting agent used to lighten areas of darkened skin such as freckles, age spots, chloasma, and melisma caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin. 
Hydroquinone decreases the formation of melanin in the skin. 
Melanin is the pigment in skin that gives it a brown color.

Hydroquinone is also known as 1,4-dihydroxy-benzene.
The detection of Hydroquinone along with resorcinol and phenol in air samples by synchronous fluorescence method has been proposed.
The electrochemical oxidation of Hydroquinone has been studied using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry.
Its enthalpies of sublimation, vaporization and fusion have been reported.

Application of Hydroquinone 
Hydroquinone  may be used to synthesize bicyclic phosphonate derivative by reacting with phosphonic dichloride.

Hydroquinone is most commonly used in skin lighteners, products heavily marketed towards women of color. 
Hydroquinone is linked to cancer and organ-system toxicity.
Hydroquinone is frequently found in skin-lightening products like bleaching creams. 
Hydroquinone works by limiting your production of melanin, the hormone that darkens your skin. 
While some people use it to lighten their darker skin, hydroquinone creams are most commonly used to lighten small, dark patches like sunspots or hyperpigmentation.

Creams with Hydroquinone as an ingredient are an excellent non-surgical aesthetic procedure to help you achieve the skin you have always wanted. 
Unlike skin lightening surgery, hydroquinone creams are a cosmetic procedure that can be undertaken in the comfort of your own home after the initial consultation with your dermatologist. If you have dark patches or old sunspots, creams with hydroquinone can lighten them and – when combined with other suitable skincare ingredients – can help your skin recover from sun damage.

Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in photography and as an antioxidant in rubber and food.
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, erosion of the gastric mucosa, edema of internal organs, cyanosis, convulsions, delirium, and collapse may result from the ingestion of a large amount of hydroquinone in humans. 
Hydroquinone is also a skin irritant in humans.

Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure to hydroquinone dust can result in eye irritation, corneal effects, and impaired vision. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of hydroquinone in humans. 
There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity in orally-exposed rodents. 
Increased skin tumor incidence has been reported in mice treated dermally. 
EPA has not classified hydroquinone for carcinogenicity.

Uses of Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is used as a developing agent in black-and-white photography, lithography, and x-ray films. 
Hydroquinone is also used as an intermediate to produce antioxidants for rubber and food. 
Hydroquinone is added to a number of industrial monomers to inhibit polymerization during shipping, storage, and processing.

Physical Properties of Hydroquinone
The chemical formula for Hydroquinone is C6H6O2 , and its molecular weight is 110.06 g/mol. 
Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. 
The odor threshold for hydroquinone has not been established.
The vapor pressure for hydroquinone is 0.000019 mm Hg at 25 °C, and its log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow ) is 0.59.


Substance identity

EC / List no.: 204-617-8
CAS no.: 123-31-9
Mol. formula: C6H6O2

Hazard classification & labelling of HYDROQUINONE
Danger! According to the harmonised classification and labelling (ATP01) approved by the European Union, this substance is very toxic to aquatic life, is harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye damage, is suspected of causing genetic defects, is suspected of causing cancer and may cause an allergic skin reaction.
Additionally, the classification provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations identifies that this substance is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

About HYDROQUINONE
HYDROQUINONE is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
HYDROQUINONE is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of HYDROQUINONE
HYDROQUINONE is used in the following products: photo-chemicals.
Other release to the environment of HYDROQUINONE is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance.

Article service life of HYDROQUINONE
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which HYDROQUINONE is most likely to be released to the environment. 
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers of HYDROQUINONE
HYDROQUINONE is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, coating products, inks and toners and polymers. 
HYDROQUINONE is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development. 
Other release to the environment of HYDROQUINONE is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Formulation or re-packing of HYDROQUINONE
HYDROQUINONE is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, water treatment chemicals and fuels.
Release to the environment of HYDROQUINONE can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites of HYDROQUINONE
HYDROQUINONE is used in the following products: photo-chemicals, polymers, coating products, inks and toners and water treatment chemicals.
HYDROQUINONE has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
HYDROQUINONE is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
HYDROQUINONE is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of HYDROQUINONE can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Manufacture of HYDROQUINONE
Release to the environment of HYDROQUINONE can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Synonyms:
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene; hydroquinone; quinol
Hydroquinone
hydroquinone
quinol
Hydroquinone
1,4- benzodiol (cs)
1,4-dihidroksibenzen (hr)
1,4-dihidroksibenzen (sl)
1,4-dihidroksibenzenas (lt)
1,4-dihidroksibenzols (lv)
1,4-dihidroxibenceno (es)
1,4-dihidroxibenzen (mt)
1,4-dihidroxibenzen (ro)
1,4-dihidroxibenzeno (pt)
1,4-dihidroxibenzol (hu)
1,4-Dihydroksibentseeni (fi)
1,4-dihydroksybenzen (no)
1,4-dihydroksybenzen (pl)
1,4-dihydroxibensen (sv)
1,4-dihydroxybenzeen (nl)
1,4-dihydroxybenzen (da)
1,4-Dihydroxybenzol (de)
1,4-dihydroxybenzène; hydroquinone; quinol (fr)
1,4-dihüdroksübenseen (et)
1,4-diidrossibenzene (it)
1,4-διυδροξυ-βενζόλιο (el)
1,4-дихидрооксибензен (bg)
benzén-1,4-diol (sk)
chinol (cs)
Chinol (de)
chinol (mt)
chinol (nl)
chinol (ro)
chinol (sk)
chinolis (lt)
chinolo (it)
hidrochinonas (lt)
hidrochinonă (mt)
hidrochinonă (ro)
hidrohinons (lv)
hidrokinon (hr)
hidrokinon (hu)
hidrokinon (sl)
hidroquinona (es)
hidroquinona (pt)
hinols (lv)
hydrochinon (cs)
Hydrochinon (de)
hydrochinon (nl)
hydrochinon (pl)
hydrochinón (sk)
hydrokinon (no)
hydrokinon (sv)
hydrokinoni (fi)
hydroquinon (da)
hydroquinone (fr)
hüdrokinoon (et)
idrochinone (it)
kinol (hr)
kinol (hu)
kinol (sl)
kinol (sv)
kinoli (fi)
kinool (et)
quinol (da)
quinol (es)
quinol (fr)
quinol (pt)
κινόλη (el)
υδροκινόνη (el)
хидрохинон (bg)
хинол (bg)
1,4-Benzenediol
1,4-Benzenediol
1,4-Benzenediol, 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, HQ, Quinol
1,4-Benzodiol
1,4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene
1,4-dihydroxybenzene; hydroquinone; quinol
1,4-dyhydroxybenzene; hydroquinone, quinol
benzene, 1,4-dihydroxy
Benzene-1,4-diol
benzene-1,4-diol
Benzene-4,1-diol
hydoquinone
Hydrochinon
HYDROQUINONE
Hydroquinone
hydroquinone
Hydroquinone
hydroquinone
hydroquinone CAS information ?
quinol
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone IG
Hydroquinone Photo
Hydroquinone Technical
Idrochinone
Idrochinone IG
Idrochinone Photo
Idrochinone tecnico
123-31-9
57534-13-1
57534-13-1
604-005-00-4
8027-02-9
8027-02-9
hydroquinone
Benzene-1,4-diol
1,4-benzenediol
123-31-9
Quinol
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
p-Benzenediol
p-Hydroquinone
p-Hydroxyphenol
4-Hydroxyphenol
p-Dihydroxybenzene
Benzoquinol
Eldoquin
hydroquinol
Eldopaque
Phiaquin
p-Dioxybenzene
Solaquin forte
Dihydroquinone
Hydroquinole
Idrochinone
Tecquinol
Benzohydroquinone
Arctuvin
Hidroquinone
Tequinol
Dihydroxybenzene
Eldopaque Forte
Eldoquin Forte
Derma-Blanch
Tenox HQ
Hydrochinon
Hydrochinone
Artra
Diak 5
Benzene, p-dihydroxy-
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol
Usaf ek-356
1,4-Diidrobenzene
NCI-C55834
p-Dioxobenzene
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen
Black and White Bleaching Cream
para-Dioxybenzene
para-Hydroquinone
Pyrogentistic acid
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen
HE 5
para-Dihydroxybenzene
Melanex
Idrochinone [Italian]
Hydrochinon [Czech, Polish]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech]
1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian]
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch]
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German]
CHEBI:17594
NSC 9247
UN2662
Hydroquinone [USP]
AI3-00072
NSC-9247
MFCD00002339
HQ
CHEMBL537
XV74C1N1AE
DTXSID7020716
Hydroquinone [UN2662] [Poison]
Hydroquinone (USP)
NCGC00015523-02
beta-quinol
para-Hydroxyphenol
Eldopacque
Hydroquinone (Benzene-1,4-diol)
Epiquin
Sunvanish
p Benzendiol
p-Dihydroquinone
alpha-hydroquinone
26982-52-5
CAS-123-31-9
SMR000059154
CCRIS 714
1,4-Hydroxybenzene
HSDB 577
SR-01000075920
4-DIHYDROXYBENZENE
EINECS 204-617-8
UNII-XV74C1N1AE
hydroquinon
Hydroquinoue
hydroq uinone
hydroquinone gr
a-Hydroquinone
Black & White Bleaching Cream
p-Hydroxybenzene
b-Quinol
4-Benzenediol
Hydroquinone, HQ
.beta.-Quinol
1,4 benzenediol
Hydroquinone,(S)
p-dihydroxy benzene
HQE
PLQ
Artra (Salt/Mix)
1, 4-Benzenediol
HYDROP
.alpha.-Hydroquinone
phenol derivative, 4
4-hydroxyphenyl alcohol
Spectrum_001757
4e3h
SpecPlus_000769
1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone
ELDOQUIN (TN)
hydroquinone for synthesis
Spectrum2_001672
Spectrum3_000656
Spectrum4_000633
Spectrum5_001430
HYDROQUINONE [MI]
Lopac-H-9003
WLN: QR DQ
bmse000293
Epitope ID:116206
EC 204-617-8
HYDROQUINONE [HSDB]
HYDROQUINONE [IARC]
HYDROQUINONE [INCI]
HYDROQUINONE [VANDF]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene Quinol
Lopac0_000577
SCHEMBL15516
BSPBio_002291
HYDROQUINONE [MART.]
KBioGR_001246
KBioSS_002237
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, XIII
MLS000069815
MLS001074911
BIDD:ER0340
DivK1c_006865
HYDROQUINONE [USP-RS]
HYDROQUINONE [WHO-DD]
Hydroquinone, LR, >=99%
SPECTRUM1504237
Hydrochinon(CZECH, POLISH)
SPBio_001883
BDBM26190
Hydroquinone, puriss., 99.0%
KBio1_001809
KBio2_002237
KBio2_004805
KBio2_007373
KBio3_001511
NSC9247
Benzene-1,4-diol (Hydroquinone)
HMS1922H15
HMS2093E08
HMS3261D16
HYDROQUINONE [ORANGE BOOK]
Pharmakon1600-01504237
HY-B0951
ZINC5133378
HYDROQUINONE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Tox21_110169
Tox21_202345
Tox21_300015
Tox21_500577
CCG-39082
NSC758707
s4580
STK397446
AKOS000119003
Tox21_110169_1
TRI-LUMA COMPONENT HYDROQUINONE
AM10548
DB09526
LP00577
NSC-758707
SDCCGSBI-0050559.P003
UN 2662
Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
Hydroquinone, USP, 99.0-100.5%
NCGC00015523-01
NCGC00015523-03
NCGC00015523-04
NCGC00015523-05
NCGC00015523-06
NCGC00015523-07
NCGC00015523-08
NCGC00015523-09
NCGC00015523-10
NCGC00015523-11
NCGC00015523-12
NCGC00015523-13
NCGC00015523-19
NCGC00090880-01
NCGC00090880-02
NCGC00090880-03
NCGC00090880-04
NCGC00090880-05
NCGC00254037-01
NCGC00259894-01
NCGC00261262-01
BP-21160
DA-33570
HYDROQUINONE COMPONENT OF TRI-LUMA
Hydroquinone, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%
SBI-0050559.P002
Hydroquinone, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EU-0100577
FT-0606877
H0186
Hydroquinone, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
EN300-18053
Hydroquinone, meets USP testing specifications
C00530
D00073
H 9003
AB00053361_08
Quinol; 1,4-Benzenediol; 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
Q419164
BUTYLHYDROXYANISOLE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
J-004910
J-521469
SR-01000075920-1
SR-01000075920-4
Q27102742
Z57127551
094CADDB-59BF-4EDF-B278-59791B203EA2
F1908-0167
Hydroquinone, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Hydroquinone, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Hydroquinone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,4-Benzenediol [ACD/Index Name]
1,4-Benzoquinol
1,4-benzosemiquinone
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen [Dutch]
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen [Czech]
1,4-dihydroxybenzene
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol [German]
1,4-Diidrobenzene [Italian]
123-31-9 [RN]
204-617-8 [EINECS]
3225-30-7 [RN]
4-hydroxyphenol
4-Hydroxyphenoxy
605970 [Beilstein]
AIDA
Benzene, p-dihydroxy-
benzene-1,4-diol
Benzol-1,4-diol
BQ(H)
dihydroquinone
Hydrochinon [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
hydroquinol
Hydroquinone [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Hydroquinone [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
para-Dihydroxybenzene
p-benzenediol
p-Dihydroquinone
p-Dihydroxybenzene
p-hydroquinone
p-Phenylenediol
p-Quinol
quinol
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen
1,4-Diidrobenzene
a-Hydroquinone
b-Quinol
Hydrochinone
Hydroquinoue
Idrochinone
1,4-Benzendil
1,4-Benzoquinone [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1,4-Dihydrobenzoquinone
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene, Quinol
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol
1,4-Hydroxybenzene
1-hydroxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl
4-hydroxyphenyloxyl
71589-26-9 [RN]
95041-90-0 [RN]
ARCTUVIN [Trade name]
Artra
BENZOHYDROQUINONE
Benzoquinol
Benzosemiquinone
Black and White Bleaching Cream
Derma-Blanch
dihydroxybenzene
Eldopacque
Eldopaque
Eldoquin
Elopaque
Esoterica
Hidroquilaude
Hidroquin
Hidroquinona Isdin
Hidroquinone
HQE
Hydrochinon [Polish] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
hydrokinone.
HYDROP
Hydroquinole
Hydroquinone-d4
Idrochinone [Italian]
Licostrata
Lustra [Trade name]
Melanasa
Melanex
Melpaque
Melquin
Neostrata HQ
para-Dioxybenzene
para-Hydroquinone
para-Hydroxyphenol
p-Benzosemiquinone
p-benzosemiquinone radical
p-dioxobenzene
p-Dioxybenzene
p-Diphenol
Phenoxy, 4-hydroxy- [ACD/Index Name]
Phiaquin
p-Hydroxybenzene
p-hydroxyphenol
PLQ
Pyrogentistic acid
quinnone
Quinol;1,4-Benzenediol;1,4-Dihydroxybenzene;HQ
semiquinone radical
Solaquin
Solaquin Forte
Tecquinol
Tenox HQ [Trade name]
Tequinol
Ultraquin
WLN: QR DQ
α-hydroquinone
α-Hydroquinone
β-quinol
β-Quinol
对苯二酚 [Chinese]


 

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