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RETINYL PALMITATE

CAS Number: 79-81-2

Retinyl palmitate is a form of vitamin A.
Retinyl palmitate’s found in animal products, such as eggs, chicken, and beef.
Retinyl palmitate’s also called preformed vitamin A and retinyl palmitate.
Retinyl palmitate is available as a manufactured supplement.
Unlike some forms of vitamin A, vitamin A palmitate is a retinoid (retinol).

Retinoids are bioavailable substances, this means they are easily absorbed into the body and used efficiently.
Vitamin A palmitate, otherwise known as retinyl palmitate, is a pre-formed version of vitamin A.
Retinyl palmitate’s found in animal products like eggs or chicken and beef liver.
Retinyl (Vitamin A) Palmitate is a more stable, synthetic version of the essential nutrient vitamin A joined to palmitic acid.

Uses of Vitamin A palmitate:
Vitamin A palmitate is a common vitamin supplement, available in both oral and injectable forms for treatment of vitamin A deficiency, under the brand names Aquasol A, Palmitate A and many others.
Retinyl palmitate is a constituent of intra ocular treatment for dry eyes at a concentration of 138 μg/g (VitA-Pos) by Ursapharm.
Vitamin A palmitate is a pre-formed version of vitamin A; therefore, the intake should not exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
Overdosing preformed Vitamin A forms such as retinyl palmitate leads to adverse physiological reactions (hypervitaminosis A).
Retinyl palmitate is a retinoid that provides a range of skin care benefits.
Vitamin A palmitate is used as a first-line treatment for acne and addresses signs of aging by increasing collagen production.
As topical retinoids are known to increase sun sensitivity, sun exposure should be avoided after application.

Retinyl palmitate is used as an antioxidant and a source of vitamin A added to low fat milk and other dairy products to replace the vitamin content lost through the removal of milk fat.
Palmitate is attached to the alcohol form of vitamin A, retinol, in order to make vitamin A stable in milk.
Retinyl palmitate is also a constituent of some topically applied skin care products.
After its absorption into the skin, retinyl palmitate is converted to retinol, and ultimately to retinoic acid (the active form of vitamin A present in Retin-A), though neither its skin absorption nor its conversion is very effective.

Vitamin A is used to prevent or treat low levels of the vitamin in people who do not get enough of Vitamin A palmitate from their diets.
Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin A.
However, some conditions (such as protein deficiency, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver/pancreas problems) can cause low levels of vitamin A.
Vitamin A plays an important role in the body.
Retinyl palmitate is needed for growth and bone development and to maintain the health of the skin and eyesight.
Low levels of vitamin A may cause vision problems (such as night blindness) and permanent eye damage.

What Is Retinyl palmitate?
Vitamin A palmitate, also known as retinyl palmitate or retinol palmitate, is an essential nutrient and antioxidant that is used in the process of cell growth.
Retinyl palmitate absorbs very quickly and can be found in most animal-based foods such as meet, eggs, and dairy.

Retinyl palmitate Benefits
Vitamin A Palmitate is a powerful antioxidant that may help support skin health, promote healthy eyes, and fortify immune function.

Antioxidant
Promotes healthy skin
Supports the eyes
Fortifies immune function

Retinyl palmitate helps skin make Vitamin A palmitates own retinol.
Pumping up the skin-renewal process, Vitamin A palmitate turbo-boosts skin cell turnover and helps regenerate collagen and elastin.
Basically, Vitamin A palmitate ensures that skin is blooming with health.
Be sun-safe though: Vitamin A is so good at increasing cell turnover and exfoliation that Vitamin A palmitate can leave your skin more vulnerable to damage from UV rays.
We recommend using SPF on your skin daily.

What Is Retinyl Palmitate?
You have probably heard of the benefits of retinol and retinoids by now.
One of these ingredients that you may not be familiar with is retinyl palmitate.
Retinyl palmitate is a type of retinoid that is used in skincare products due to its ability to improve visible signs of aging, hyperpigmentation, and support the treatment of acne.

Retinoids are a class of ingredients that have demonstrated benefits to the appearance of the skin.
Retinoids such as retinol or retinyl palmitate are converted to vitamin A or retinoic acid in the body.
Retinoic acid is required for many different biological processes in the body.
In particular, Vitamin A palmitate is involved in embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Vitamin A or retinoic acid is also used to improve the appearance of the skin.
Studies have suggested that vitamin A may help to reduce visible fine lines, pigmentation, blemishes, and may help to improve skin cell turnover, this is why retinoid products are so widely used.
Vitamin A palmitate and carbomer eye gel can reduce dry eye symptoms resulting from long-term use of prostaglandin analogues for glaucoma, according to a study.

Retinyl palmitate vs. vitamin A
Vitamin A refers to nutrients which are categorized into two specific groups: retinoids and carotenoids.
Retinyl palmitate is a vitamin A analog that inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell differentiation.

Retinyl palmitate is used as a dietary supplement as a lipophilic base for eg: soft gelatin capsule.
Carotenoids are the pigments that give vegetables and other plant products, their bright colors.
Unlike retinoids, carotenoids are not bioavailable.
Before your body can benefit from them nutritionally, Vitamin A palmitate must convert them into retinoids.

This process may be difficult for some people to do, including:
-premature infants
-food-vulnerable infants, and children (who lack access to a sufficient amount of nutritious food)
-food-vulnerable women who are pregnant, or breastfeeding (who lack access to a sufficient amount of nutritious food)
-people with cystic fibrosis
-In some instances, genetics may also play a role.

Both types of vitamin A help to support eye health, skin health, immune system function, and reproductive health.
Retinyl palmitate can be taken in supplement form to support and maintain optimum eye health, immune system health, and reproductive health.
Vitamin A palmitate’s also available by injection, for those who cannot take Vitamin A palmitate in pill form.
Retinyl palmitate’s often used as an ingredient in multivitamins, and is available as a sole ingredient in supplement form.
These supplements may be labeled as preformed vitamin A or as retinyl palmitate.
The amount of vitamin A that a product or supplement contains is listed on the label in IUs (international units).

Vitamin A palmitate is found in animal products of all kinds, such as:
-liver
-egg yolks
-fish
-milk and milk products
-cheese

Potential health benefits
Vitamin A palmitate has been studied for multiple conditions and may have health benefits in several areas, including:

Retinitis pigmentosa
Clinical research studies done at Harvard School of Medicine, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary determined that a treatment combined from vitamin A palmitate, oily fish, and lutein, added 20 years of useful vision to people diagnosed with several eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Usher syndrome types 2 and 3.
Participants received a supplement containing 15,000 IUs of vitamin A palmitate daily.

Sun-damaged skin
A study reported in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Trusted Source analyzed the effects of topically-applied vitamin A palmitate, and an oil-based moisturizer which contained antioxidants, on photoaged skin.
The bodily areas studied included the neck, chest, arms, and lower legs.
Study participants who were given the vitamin A palmitate mixture, showed improvement in overall skin quality beginning at 2 weeks, with increased improvement continuing to escalate by 12 weeks.

Acne
Topical use of prescription products containing retinoids have shown effectivenessTrusted Source in reducing acne.
Retinols have also been shown to induce less skin irritationTrusted Source than other acne treatments, such as tretinoin.
There is scientific interestTrusted Source in vitamin A palmitate’s ability to support wound healing and immune defense, when applied topically.
More research is needed in these areas.

Vitamin A palmitate—also called retinyl palmitate—is a pre-formed version of vitamin A that's easily absorbed by the body.
In animals and humans, it serves as a natural storage form of vitamin A.
Supplement and skincare manufacturers also produce a synthetic version for use in different products.

Retinyl palmitate is a synthetic alternative for retinyl acetate in vitamin A dietary supplements.
Retinyl palmitate is used for treatment of vitamin A deficiency under brand names such as Aquasol A and Palmitate A and is a constituent of some skin care products.
This Certified Spiking Solution® is suitable for Vitamin A testing applications by HPLC or LC-MS/MS including clinical testing of Vitamin A serum levels or quality control testing of vitamin A dietary supplements, fortified foods, or pharmaceutical preparations.

Found naturally in animal foods and synthetically in supplements, vitamin A palmitate supports your vision and immunity.
The pre-formed versions of vitamin A—including vitamin A palmitate—have higher bioavailability compared to carotenoids.
In other words, your body finds it easier to convert them to a biologically active form.
Carotenoids are found in fruits and and vegetables and can be converted to vitamin A.
However, there are concerns surrounding excessive use.

General description of Vitamin A palmitate:
Certified pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to pharmacopeia primary standards.
Retinyl palmitate belongs to a category of compounds called retinoids, which are chemically similar to vitamin A.
Retinyl palmitate exhibits a beneficial effect on vision, skin and immune function, inhibits cell proliferation and prevents cancer.
Retinyl palmitate is an important dietary as well as a therapeutic compound.

Application of Vitamin A palmitate:
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Retinyl palmitate may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques.

Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C36H60O2.
Retinyl palmitate is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals.
An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen.
Retinyl palmitate is used for fortifying powdered products such as infant formulas, dietetic foods, and dairy products.

Vitamin A has several forms; the two most known are A Palmitate and Beta Carotene.
A study that was published in the archives of the Opthamology (June 1993) concluded that vitamin A palmitate can help slow the effects of Retinitis Pigmentosa and has been recommended by physicians for many years for this condition.
Please consult your physician if this product would benefit you.
Vitamin A palmitate may support vision, reproduction, bone growth, and cell division.

What is Retinyl Palmitate?
Retinoids are a class of skin care ingredients that are highly prized for their anti-aging benefits.
Retinyl Palmitate, in particular, is made by combining palmitic acid with retinol.

What Are The Benefits Of Retinyl Palmitate?
As a class, retinoids are well-known to be one of the most powerful topically applied ingredients to address the signs of aging and improve acne symptoms.

Collagen
Retinyl palmitate improves the appearance of your skin through several mechanisms.
One is through the inhibition of collagenase, which is an enzyme that breaks down collagen.
By preventing collagen degradation, the skin may appears more firm, and lines/wrinkles may be diminished.

Skin cell turnover
Retinyl palmitate has also been studied for its ability to initiate the increase of epidermal proliferation, which means Vitamin A palmitate may help to support skin growth.
The skin normally takes about 28 days from the first formation of a cell until that cell naturally sheds off.
Retinyl palmitate has been suggested to speed up this process to 14 to 16 days.
This effect has been linked with a thicker skin and improvement in the appearance of fullness in the skin.

Exfoliation
Additionally, retinoids exfoliate the skin by supporting the natural shedding of the skin.
The uppermost layers of the skin are typically composed of 14 layers of densely packed dead skin cells.
These dead skin cells form the protective barrier that prevents moisture loss, bacteria overgrowth, and damage.
However, in some people, shedding this layer may help to improve pigmentation and reduce the frequency of blemishes.
The use of topical retinyl palmitate helps to slough off some of these surface layers.
The combination of rapid regeneration of cells and exfoliation may help to improve the appearance of aging skin and reduce the appearance of dark spots and blemishes.
Over time these actions may improve the appearance of acne, soften the skin, lift dark spots and reduce the visibility of wrinkles.

Retinyl palmitate Care 1.0 Stabilized with BHT is an active ingredient for cosmetic skin-care products.
Vitamin A palmitate releases Vitamin A on contact with enzymes in the skin.
Vitamin A stimulates cell growth, increases enzyme activity and normalizes cell division.
Therefore, this product is able to counteract the skin-aging process and improve the appearance of UV-damaged skin.
Retinyl palmitate is a retinyl palmitate, all-trans-retinol palmitic acid ester that is supplied as a viscous, yellow oils that may contains some crystals, and has a mild odor.

Antioxidant
Lastly, retinyl palmitate functions as an antioxidant to limit oxidative damage caused by free radicals.
Antioxidants help to prevent free radical damage.
Free radicals are produced by a natural process in the body called oxidative stress, however, environmental factors such as UV rays, smoking, diet, and pollution can increase the number of free radicals in the body.
This increase can be detrimental, as free radicals have been linked with damage to the body’s cells and studies suggest that they may be linked to aging.
The ability of retinyl palmitate to work as an antioxidant may provide the skin with a little extra protection.

Hyperpigmentation
Retinoids are often used to reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation.
They work by speeding up the skin’s natural shedding process, removing the pigmented skin from the surface.
They also may work to influence the molecules that are responsible for pigment in the skin, melanocytes, allowing for regular arrangement of pigment in the skin.
The main thing to remember when using any retinoid product is that you need to use Vitamin A palmitate in conjunction with sunscreen.
This is particularly important when using retinoids for hyperpigmentation as the sun will contribute to the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

Acne
In acne prone skin, retinoids may help to reduce hormone driven excess sebum production, think oily skin.
Vitamin A palmitate may also help to reduce blockages in the pores, and reduce the inflammatory response.

Aging
Retinoids are widely used to reduce the signs of aging on the skin.
While the aging processes of the skin are highly complex and depend on genetic and environmental factors, retinyl palmitate and its retinoid counterparts have been shown to help reduce fine lines and wrinkles as well as improve skin texture and laxity.

Psoriasis
There is some new research that suggests that retinoids such as retinyl palmitate may help to support the treatment of psoriasis.

How Does Retinyl Palmitate Form Vitamin A?
In addition to retinyl palmitate, the retinoid family consists of retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinoic acid, as well as a large number of synthetic derivatives.
The different retinoids have slightly different functions and benefits.
All the retinoids are converted into retinoic acid in the body.
Retinoic acid is the main ingredient that has a direct biological effect on the skin.
Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and is responsible for most of the benefits to the body and skin.
Retinoic acid is available as a prescription treatment known as tretinoin or Retin – A.

Tretinoin can cause skin irritation including excessive peeling, redness, and photosensitivity which limits its use.
Despite retinoic acid being the most biologically active retinoid, retinyl palmitate is also processed through the body to produce retinoic acid.
The difference being that the body has to convert retinyl palmitate to retinoic acid before Vitamin A palmitate can be used, this reduces Vitamin A palmitates potency.
Retinyl palmitate is first converted to retinaldehyde.
Then, the metabolism of retinaldehyde to retinoic acid occurs only by keratinocytes at a pertinent stage of differentiation, leading to a more controlled delivery of retinoic acid and less side effects as compared to tretinoin and other synthetic retinoids.
The benefits provided by retinyl palmitate also apply to all topical retinoids since they are all converted to retinoic acid in the body.

What Is The Difference Between Retinyl Palmitate and Retinol?
Retinyl palmitate and retinol are both retinoids which means that they are converted to retinoic acid in the body.
Retinol only has to undergo one conversion step in the body and is more potent than retinyl palmitate.
Basically, retinyl palmitate has to undergo more processing in the body to produce retinoic acid, than retinol.

What Is Retinyl Palmitate Made From?
Retinyl palmitate is an ester of retinol which is another name for vitamin A and palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid.

Is Retinyl Palmitate Vegan?
As retinyl palmitate is made from vitamin A and palmitic acid, there are two ingredients to consider.
Vitamin A can be derived from both plant-based and animal based sources.
Palmitic acid can also be derived from both plant-based and animal sources but is usually derived from plant sources.
Be sure to check that the product uses plant-based sources if you are looking for a vegan product.

Who Should Use Retinyl Palmitate?
As retinyl palmitate is less irritating than the other four retinoids Retinyl palmitate is a great option for those who have sensitive skin or don’t tolerate stronger retinoids well.

What Should You Consider Before Using Retinyl Palmitate?
An important consideration when using retinyl palmitate is to always check with your doctor or specialist before use as vitamin A can build up in the system and be absorbed through the skin.
Make sure to speak to your doctor to ensure that supplements and other medications you may be on won’t interact.

Retinyl palmitate's an ester form of vitamin A (retinol + palmitic acid) that belongs to the "retinoid family".
Vitamin A Palmitate (Retinyl) is a nature-identical product that can help the appearance of mature and chaotic skin.
Retinyl palmitate is also known as retinyl palmitate, and like retinol and other forms of vitamin A it’s found in many age-related products.
This ingredient should not be used undiluted.

Appearance: Viscous oil or paste.
The retinoid family is pretty much the royal family of skincare, with the queen being the FDA-approved anti-aging ingredient tretinoin.

Biology
Animals use long-chain esters of vitamin A, most abundantly the palmitate form, as a form of vitamin A storage.
The storage reaction is catalyzed by LRAT, and the inverse is catalyzed by REH.
The esters are also intermediates in the visual cycle: RPE65 isomerizes the retinyl part to 11-cis-retinal.

Retinyl palmitate’s only a semi-myth that eating carrots will help you see in the dark.
A carrot’s main nutrient, beta-carotene (responsible for this root vegetable’s characteristic orange color), is a precursor to vitamin A and helps your eyes to adjust in dim conditions.
Vitamin A can’t give you superpowers of night vision or cure your dependence on contact lenses, but eating an adequate amount will support eye health.

Vitamin A also stimulates the production and activity of white blood cells, takes part in remodeling bone, helps maintain healthy endothelial cells (those lining the body’s interior surfaces), and regulates cell growth and division such as needed for reproduction.
The two main forms of vitamin A in the human diet are preformed vitamin A (retinol, retinyl esters), and provitamin A carotenoids such as beta-carotene that are converted to retinol.

Preformed vitamin A comes from animal products, fortified foods, and vitamin supplements.
Carotenoids are found naturally in plant foods.
There are other types of carotenoids found in food that are not converted to vitamin A but have health-promoting properties; these include lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin.

Retinyl palmitate—also known as retinol palmitate or vitamin A palmitate—is a powerful antioxidant and a common ingredient in skin care products such as moisturizers, sunscreens and topical acne medications.
Retinyl palmitate can effectively treat mild acne and provides anti-aging benefits by boosting collagen production.

Vitamin A in the form of retinyl palmitate is the major form that has been used for reducing vitamin A deficiency in at-risk populations.
Because retinol is stored in the body as retinyl ester, which can be hydrolyzed to release retinol as needed, Vitamin A palmitate is possible to deliver a relatively large dose of vitamin A, but below an amount that would result in acute toxicity, on a periodic basis.
Doses equal to 100 000–200 000 international units, 30–60 mg of retinol, in the form of retinyl ester, given at 4–6-month intervals, have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in children and pregnant women.
Capsules have been designed to provide this quantity of vitamin A for use in public health programs.
The supplement is packaged into small single-dose gel caps that protect the vitamin A from light.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver.
There are two types of vitamin A that are found in the diet.

Preformed vitamin A is found in animal products such as meat, fish, poultry, and dairy foods.
Provitamin A is found in plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables.
The most common type of pro-vitamin A is beta-carotene.
Vitamin A is also available in dietary supplements.
Retinyl palmitate most often comes in the form of retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate (preformed vitamin A), beta-carotene (provitamin A) or a combination of preformed and provitamin A.

Alternative Names
Retinol; Retinal; Retinoic acid; Carotenoids

Function
Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucus membranes, and skin.
Vitamin A palmitate is also known as retinol because Retinyl palmitate produces the pigments in the retina of the eye.

Vitamin A promotes good eyesight, especially in low light.
Vitamin A palmitate also has a role in healthy pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Vitamin A is found in two forms:
Retinol: Retinol is an active form of vitamin A.
Vitamin A palmitate is found in animal liver, whole milk, and some fortified foods.
Carotenoids: Carotenoids are dark-colored dyes (pigments).
They are found in plant foods that can turn into active form of vitamin A.
There are more than 500 known carotenoids.
One such carotenoid is beta-carotene.
Beta-carotene is an antioxidant.
Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by substances called free radicals.

Food Sources
Vitamin A comes from animal sources, such as eggs, meat, fortified milk, cheese, cream, liver, kidney, cod, and halibut fish oil.
However, many of these sources, except for Vitamin A fortified skim milk, are high in saturated fat and cholesterol.

The best sources of vitamin A are:
-Cod liver oil
-Eggs
-Fortified breakfast cereals
-Fortified skim milk
-Orange and yellow vegetables and fruits

Other sources of beta-carotene such as broccoli, spinach, and most dark green, leafy vegetables
The more deep the color of a fruit or vegetable, the higher the amount of beta-carotene.
Vegetable sources of beta-carotene are fat- and cholesterol-free.
Their absorption is improved if these sources are eaten with a fat.

Retinyl Palmitate, sometimes written as Vitamin A Palmitate, is a synthetic alternative for Retinyl Acetate, a natural form of Vitamin A.
Companies use Vitamin A palmitate in a variety of skincare products from sunscreen to foundations to anti-ageing creams.
You might also have heard of the popular anti-ageing skincare ingredient retinol — also known as Vitamin A.
Retinyl Palmitate, like Vitamin A, is an antioxidant that encourages the growth of new skin cells, which explains why Vitamin A palmitate is popular in products like wrinkle creams and serums.

Vitamin A
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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the liver.

There are two types of vitamin A that are found in the diet.
Preformed vitamin A is found in animal products such as meat, fish, poultry, and dairy foods.
Precursors to vitamin A, also known as provitamin A, are found in plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables.
The most common type of pro-vitamin A is beta-carotene.
Vitamin A is also available in dietary supplements.
Vitamin A palmitate most often comes in the form of retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate (preformed vitamin A), beta-carotene (provitamin A) or a combination of preformed and provitamin A.

What is retinyl palmitate?
Retinyl palmitate is a skin-conditioning agent that is commonly found in sunscreens.

What products is retinyl palmitate in?
Retinyl palmitate is an active chemical ingredient in sunscreen.

How to tell if a product has retinyl palmitate
Avoid products that contain retinyl palmitate as well as these synonyms on their ingredient lists: vitamin a palmitate; axerophthol palmitate; hexadecanoate retinol; retinol palmitate; retinol, hexadecanoate; aquasol a; arovit; optovit-a; retinol palmitate.

Risks associated with retinyl palmitate
Ironically, individuals who apply retinyl palmitate to their skin (as an ingredient in sunscreen), may actually be increasing their chances of developing skin cancer, tumors, lesions, and melanoma.
Additionally, German and Norwegian health agencies along with the FDA have noted that daily application of vitamin A creams could lead to excessive vitamin A intake for pregnant women and other vulnerable populations.

Using products that contain retinyl palmitate can lead to a variety of problems.
Retinyl palmitate is known to be a human reproductive toxicant according to the FDA but other health issues associated with this ingredient include:
-Damage to sun-exposed skin
-Skin cancer
-Cellular mutations

How to avoid retinyl palmitate
Avoid products that contain retinyl palmitate, vitamin A palmitate, or any synonyms of this ingredient (see above).
Since 84% of name-brand sunscreen products fail to offer adequate protection from the sun, you can diminish your exposure to retinyl palmitate by using sunscreen alternatives.
If you must go out in the sun, use a toxic chemical free sunscreen that’s mineral based.

What is Retinyl Palmitate?
Retinyl palmitate is a retinoid, a type of chemical compound derived from vitamin A.
Vitamin A palmitate is found naturally in meat, fish and eggs.
When absorbed by skin, Vitamin A palmitate is converted into retinoic acid, an active form of vitamin A that provides a range of benefits.
Topical retinyl palmitate is commonly applied for acne treatments or anti-aging purposes, and is available in several forms, including creams, gels and serums.
Vitamin A palmitate can also be taken orally as an acne medication, or injected as a remedy for severe vitamin A deficiency.

Retinyl palmitate vs. retinol
Retinol is the primary form of vitamin A included in over-the-counter (OTC) topical skin care products.
Retinyl palmitate is closely related to retinol, and is in fact derived from a combination of retinol and palmitic acid, a complex fatty acid.
Retinol can provide the same range of skin care benefits as retinyl palmitate, and is also used to treat both acne and aging skin.
However, retinol is more easily processed by the body, and requires fewer steps to break down into retinoic acid – the form of vitamin A used by the body.
As such, Vitamin A palmitate is more potent and produces slightly more dramatic and immediate effects.

Retinol-palmitate
Retinyl-palmitate
Palmitic acid retinol
Retinyl palmitic acid
Vitamin A, palmitate
Vitamin- A palmitate
Retinyl palmitate group

What Is Retinyl Palmitate?
Typically, there's four different types of retinoids that are used in skincare, and all of them are vitamin A derivatives.
Retinoic acid (also known as tretinoin) is the most potent retinoid and only available with a prescription.
On the other side of the spectrum is retinyl palmitate, the weakest retinoid, which is available in over-the-counter products.
"Once Vitamin A palmitate's absorbed into skin, retinyl palmitate is converted to retinoic with the help of enzymes," explains Dr. Gohara.
Because this process isn't direct, Vitamin A palmitate can take longer to see results when using retinyl palmitate.

What Does Retinyl Palmitate Do for Your Skin?
Retinyl palmitate treats a long list of skincare concerns including fine lines, wrinkles, uneven texture, and dark spots.
Retinyl palmitate also boosts collagen production, the proteins responsible for keeping skin firm and smooth.

How Do You Use Retinyl Palmitate?
Even though retinyl palmitate is mild, Vitamin A palmitate's still recommended you introduce Vitamin A palmitate into your skincare routine slowly.
"Retinyl palmitate’s best to start with one night a week and build up slowly, adding just one additional night each week," suggests Darden.
"Build up to as often as your skin can tolerate.
If you’re experiencing a little irritation or dryness, then back off a little from there."
While some people can use retinyl palmitate every night, other people can only handle Vitamin A palmitate three times a week.
"Vitamin A palmitate really just depends on your skin and what Vitamin A palmitate can tolerate," says Darden.

Like other retinoids, Retinyl palmitate's best to include retinyl palmitate in your nighttime skincare routine.
Dr. Gohara says to use a pea-sized amount of product and apply Vitamin A palmitate on clean skin before your moisturizer.
If you need extra hydration, follow with a hyaluronic acid serum before using moisturizer.
Darden also recommends using a vitamin C serum in the morning so your skin gets the antioxidant benefits during the day.
And when using any type of retinoid, Vitamin A palmitate's important to wear sunscreen, since vitamin A can increase sun sensitivity.

Function
Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucus membranes, and skin.
Retinyl palmitate is also known as retinol because Vitamin A palmitate produces the pigments in the retina of the eye.
Vitamin A promotes good eyesight, especially in low light.
Retinyl palmitate also has a role in healthy pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Vitamin A is found in two forms in food:
Retinol: Preformed retinol is an active form of vitamin A.
Vitamin A palmitate is found in animal liver, whole milk, and some fortified foods.
Provitamin A carotenoids: Carotenoids are plant pigments (dyes).
Once ingested, the body converts these compounds into vitamin A.
There are more than 500 known carotenoids. One such carotenoid is beta-carotene.

Vitamin A is composed of several chemical compounds.
One of these is vitamin A palmitate, the preformed version of vitamin A.
Retinyl palmitate is easily absorbed by your body and stored in your liver.
Retinyl palmitate is found naturally in animal foods and synthetically in supplements.
Although beneficial for your vision, bone health, reproduction and immunity, there are concerns surrounding excessive use of palmitate supplements.

Vitamin A is present in foods such as retinol and retinyl esters (usually retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate).
Retinoids are often employed as food additives because of their beneficial antioxidant effects.
MEKC methods are most often used to resolve mixtures of fat-soluble retinoids.
The choice of the micellar phase is critical, because the most common micellar phases, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or bile salts, exhibit a strong solubilization effect on retinoids.
They are therefore unsuitable since poor resolution is obtained.
However, by using a mixed micellar phase comprising sodium deoxycholate and polyoxyethylene(23) dodecanol (Brij 35), it is possible to achieve separation of retinol and the retinyl esters.

What Is Retinyl Palmitate?
Before we get to the specifics, Vitamin A palmitate's important to talk about the larger category of retinoids in general.
There are four commonly used in skincare, all of which are derivatives of vitamin A and have similar effects, aka speeding up cell turnover on the surface of the skin for a smoother, more even texture, while also working on the deeper layers to stimulate collagen production and fight wrinkles.
On one side of the spectrum is retinoic acid.
Also known as tretinoin, Vitamin A palmitate's available only with a prescription and is undeniably the most potent of the bunch.
"Retinoic acid is the most active and effective retinoid, but also has the highest potential for irritation," explains Solomon.
On the opposing end is over-the-counter retinyl palmitate, which dermatologists agree is notably less effective (though that's not necessarily a bad thing).
“Retinyl palmitate can be a better option for some because Vitamin A palmitate's less irritating," points out Solomon.
Vitamin A palmitate's less effective, but will be more comfortable to use consistently and continually, she adds.
Also of note: Retinol and retinaldehyde, are available OTC and fall somewhere in the middle in terms of efficacy and irritation.

Common uses and forms
Retinyl palmitate can be taken in supplement form to support and maintain optimum eye health, immune system health, and reproductive health.
Vitamin A palmitate’s also available by injection, for those who cannot take it in pill form.
Retinyl palmitate’s often used as an ingredient in multivitamins, and is available as a sole ingredient in supplement form.
These supplements may be labeled as preformed vitamin A or as retinyl palmitate.
The amount of vitamin A that a product or supplement contains is listed on the label in IUs (international units).

Vitamin A palmitate is found in animal products of all kinds, such as:
-liver
-egg yolks
-fish
-milk and milk products
-cheese

Vitamin A (retinol, retinoic acid) is a nutrient important to vision, growth, cell division, reproduction and immunity.
Vitamin A also has antioxidant properties.
Antioxidants are substances that might protect your cells against the effects of free radicals — molecules produced when your body breaks down food or is exposed to tobacco smoke and radiation.
Free radicals might play a role in heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
Vitamin A is found in many foods, such as spinach, dairy products and liver.

Other sources are foods rich in beta-carotene, such as green leafy vegetables, carrots and cantaloupe.
Your body converts beta-carotene into vitamin A.
As an oral supplement, vitamin A mainly benefits people who have a poor or limited diet or who have a condition that increases the need for vitamin A, such as pancreatic disease, eye disease or measles.
If you take vitamin A for its antioxidant properties, keep in mind that the supplement might not offer the same benefits as naturally occurring antioxidants in food.

Retinyl palmitate (VAP) contains retinol and palmitic acid which is easily absorbed by body and widely used in skin care products.
But, Vitamin A palmitate is a hydrophobic and oxidation sensitive molecule which undergoes rapid degradation especially in an aqueous environment.
The purpose of this study was to prepare microcapsules of VAP using combination maltodextrin and modified starches.

Benefits of Retinyl Palmitate for Skin
Just because Vitamin A palmitate’s less effective than its counterparts doesn't mean Vitamin A palmitate's not doing anything for your skin—we are, at the end of the day, still dealing with a retinoid.
Like its fellow retinoids, retinyl palmitate acts both on the surface and within deeper layers of the skin.

Uses for Palmitate-A
Vitamins are compounds that you must have for growth and health.
They are needed in small amounts only and are usually available in the foods that you eat.
Vitamin A is needed for night vision and for growth of skin, bones, and male and female reproductive organs.
In pregnant women vitamin A is necessary for the growth of a healthy fetus.
Lack of vitamin A may lead to a rare condition called night blindness (problems seeing in the dark), as well as dry eyes, eye infections, skin problems, and slowed growth.
Your health care professional may treat these problems by prescribing vitamin A for you.

Some conditions may increase your need for vitamin A. These include:
-Diarrhea
-Eye diseases
-Intestine diseases
-Infections (continuing or chronic)
-Measles
-Pancreas disease
-Stomach removal
-Stress (continuing)
In addition, infants receiving unfortified formula may need vitamin A supplements.

Vitamin A absorption will be decreased in any condition in which fat is poorly absorbed.
Increased need for vitamin A should be determined by your health care professional.

Speeds cell turnover: "Vitamin A palmitate causes the cells on the epidermis—the outermost layer of the skin—to rapidly turn over and die.
This sounds sinister, but it makes way for new cell growth underneath," says Solomon.
Brightens skin: The exfoliating aspects of the ingredient may result in smoother, more radiant skin with less discoloration and an overall more even tone.
Lessens the appearance of wrinkles: Retinoids also hinder the breakdown of collagen and thicken the deeper layer of the skin (or the dermis) where wrinkles begin to form, says Solomon.

Antioxidant properties: Due to Vitamin A palmitates ability to form retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate can help with antioxidant protection of the skin.
Stimulates collagen production: And besides inhibiting collagen breakdown, Vitamin A palmitate also stimulates new collagen.
Once retinyl palmitate is converted to retinoic acid in the skin, Vitamin A palmitate binds to specific receptors in the cells that lead to increased collagen production, according to Lain.
Keeps pores clear: In speeding up cell turnover and acting as an exfoliant, Vitamin A palmitate may also help unclog pores and keep them clear, which is why Vitamin A palmitate's often found in acne treatments.

Available over-the-counter: Unlike some super skincare ingredients, products containing retinyl palmitate are available in most beauty and drugstores.
Quickly absorbing: As Vitamin A palmitate is a retinol, retinyl palmitate is easily absorbed by the skin.
Retinyl Palmitate vs. Other Retinoids
Retinyl palmitate's easy to look at retinoids on a scale of intensity: If prescription-strength retinoic acid packs a hardcore punch, then retinyl palmitate delivers more of a gentle tap.
Retinoic acid is the only form that your skin can utilize, so if you're using Vitamin A palmitate straight up, your skin gets Vitamin A palmitate immediately.
Retinyl palmitate, on the other hand, needs to undergo a conversion process.
"Once Vitamin A palmitate's absorbed into the skin, enzymes convert Vitamin A palmitate to retinoic acid, the biologically active version that has the beneficial effects," says Lain.

This process reduces Vitamin A palmitates efficacy, which is why Vitamin A palmitate's the least effective of the bunch (retinol and retinaldehyde also get converted to retinoic acid, but Vitamin A palmitate's a more direct process, which makes them more intense).
Still, the reduced potency is what makes Vitamin A palmitate so much easier for your complexion to tolerate retinyl palmitate.
If you have highly tolerant skin and/or want to see results ASAP, you may want to go for the strong stuff.
But, if you're new to retinoids or have sensitive skin, retinyl palmitate is your best bet.

Vitamin A is a generic term that refers to fat-soluble compounds found as preformed vitamin A (retinol) in animal products and as provitamin A carotenoids in fruit and vegetables.
The three active forms of vitamin A in the body are retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid.

What is vitamın A and how does vitamin A palmitate work?
Vitamin A is an over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin that is naturally present in many foods.
Vitamin A is important for normal vision, the immune system, and reproduction.
Vitamin A also helps the heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs work properly.
There are two different types of Vitamin A.
The first, preformed vitamin A, is found in meat, poultry, fish and dairy products.
The second, provitamin A, is found in fruits, vegetables and other plant-based products.
The most common type of provitamin A is beta-carotene which can be found in foods and dietary supplements.

Retinyl palmitate photostability in relation to UVA and UVB was tested in hydroxy ethyl cellulose hydrogels at pH 4.0, 5.6, 7.0, and 8.0, alone and with the addition of sunscreens (3,4-methylbenzilidencamphor or butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane) or an antioxidant (butylated hydroxy toluene).
The photostability of vitamin A palmitate was also tested in encapsulated systems (Tagravit © A• microcapsules, Lipotec © liposomes, phosphatidylcholine liposomes, and Lipotec © nanocapsules) dispersed in gels at pH 5.6 and 7.0.
The stability of retinyl palmirate over time in hydroxy ethyl cellulose hydrogels at pH 5.6 and 7.0 (stored one month at 25øC or 40øC), alone or with butylated hydroxy toluene, was also tested.
The stability of retinyl palmirate over time in encapsulated systems, dispersed in gels at pH 5.6 and 7.0, was also studied.
O/W emulsions were also prepared to compare the stability of vitamin A palmirate introduced in a lipophilic/hydrophilic medium (O/W emulsions) and a hydrophilic medium (hydrogels).

HPLC analysis showed that encapsulated systems such as Lipotec © nanocapsules, Tagravit © A• microcapsules, phosphatidylcholine liposomes, and Lipotec © liposomes protect the vitamin A ester over time from hydrolysis and from oxidation to retinaldeide and retinoic acid, and that Lipotec © nanocapsules and phosphatidylcholine liposomes also improve the vitamin's photostability.
A change in pH (from 5.6 to 7.0) of the gels did not influence the vitamin ester's stability.
pH levels of 4.0 and 8.0 determined a decrease in the stability of retinyl palmitate in the gels.
A high concentration of sunscreens improved the photostability of retinyl palmitate in the gels at pH 5.6 and 7.0.
Butylated hydroxy toluene protected retinyl palmirate from degradation induced by light at all the pH levels studied and by heat at pH 5.6 and 7.0, as can be seen from the study of the photostability of vitamin A palmitate under UVB and UVA and of stability over time.
Rheological studies showed a slight decrease in the viscosity of the gels after UVB-UVA irradiation and a higher decrease in the viscosity of the gels and the emulsions after storage at 25øC and 40øC.
This decrease can be attributed to a partial degradation of hydroxy ethyl cellulose and of emulsifier, as can be seen from the decrease in shear stress versus shear rate values under these conditions of storage, denoting a depolymerization of the theological modifier.

Vitamin A is involved in regulating the growth and specialization (differentiation) of virtually all cells in the human body.
Vitamin A has important roles in embryonic development, organ formation during fetal development, normal immune functions, and eye development and vision.

Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of preventable blindness in the world.
Retinyl palmitate is most prevalent among children and women of childbearing age.
Vitamin A deficiency is associated with an increased susceptibility to infections, as well as to thyroid and skin disorders.

Oil fortification with retinyl palmitate is intended to lower the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk.
Although the stability of vitamin A in vegetable oil has been shown to depend on environmental factors, very little information is known about the stability of vitamin A in preoxidized vegetable oils.
The present study investigated the stability of retinyl palmitate in mildly oxidized (peroxide value < 2 mequiv O2/kg) and highly oxidized (peroxide value > 10 mequiv O2/kg) soybean oil stored under domestic and retail conditions.
Soybean oil was filled in transparent bottles, which were exposed to cold fluorescent light at 22 or 32 °C for 56 days.
Periodic oil sampling increased the headspace, thereby mimicking consumer handling.
Loss of retinyl palmitate in soybean oil by a maximum of 84.8 ± 5.76% was accompanied by a decrease of vitamin E by 53.3 ± 0.87% and by an increase of the peroxide value from 1.20 ± 0.004 to 24.3 ± 0.02 mequiv O2/kg.
Fortification of highly oxidized oil with 31.6 IU/g retinyl palmitate led to a doubling of the average decrease of retinol per day compared to fortification of mildly oxidized oil.
In conclusion, oil fortification programs need to consider the oxidative status of the oil used for retinyl palmitate fortification.

Vitamin A-Palmitate Care (1.0 Stabilized with Tocopherol) is a viscous, yellow oil that may contain some crystals, has a mild odor, and the assay is adjusted by adding pharmaceutical-grade sunflower seed oil or corn oil.
Retinyl palmitate is an active ingredients for cosmetic skin-care products, releasing Vitamin A on contact with enzymes in the skin.
Vitamin A stimulates cell growth, increasing enzyme activity and normalizing cell division.
Retinyl palmitate is therefore able to counteract the skin-ageing process and improve the appearance of UV-damaged skin.

Application
HPLC: suitable
Gas chromatography: suitable

Vitamin A is a vitamin.
Vitamin A palmitate can be found in many fruits, vegetables, eggs, whole milk, butter, fortified margarine, meat, and oily saltwater fish.
Vitamin A palmitate can also be made in a laboratory. Carotenoids are a group of yellow or orange chemicals found in plants.
Some of these can be converted to vitamin A in the body.
Vitamin A is used for treating vitamin A deficiency.
Vitamin A palmitate is also used to reduce complications of diseases such as malaria, HIV, measles, and diarrhea, and to improve growth, in children with vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin A has several important functions in the body, including the maintenance of proper vision.
When the body is deficient in Vitamin A, the eye gradually loses its ability to adapt to changes in light resulting in "Night Blindness."
Another vital role of vitamin A concerns the formation, maintenance, and growth of skin, which forms the body''s primary barrier to infection

UNII-81G40H8B0T component VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N
Retinyl palmitate, Type IV, ~1,800,000 USP units/g, oil
Retinyl palmitate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol palmitate
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-en-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonateetraen-1-yl-palmitate
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl palmitate
110067-62-4
hexadecanoic acid [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] ester
Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A Palmitate), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Retinyl palmitate solution, 100 mug/mL (Ethanol with 0.1% (w/v) BHT), ampule of 1 mL, certified reference material

3-Dehydroretinol, 3-Déhydrorétinol, Acétate de Rétinol, Antixerophthalmic Vitamin, Axerophtholum, Dehydroretinol
Déhydrorétinol, Fat-Soluble Vitamin, Oleovitamin A, Palmitate de Rétinol, Retinoids, Rétinoïdes, Retinol, Rétinol
Retinol Acetate, Retinol Palmitate, Retinyl Acetate, Rétinyl Acétate, Retinyl Palmitate, Rétinyl Palmitate
Vitamin A Acetate, Vitamin A Palmitate, Vitamin A1, Vitamin A2, Vitamina A
Vitamine A, Vitamine A1, Vitamine A2, Vitamine Liposoluble, Vitaminum A.

Description: Vitamin A Palmitate
Benefits: Improves skin elasticity, stimulates collagen formation, reduced UV induced wrinkles
INCI name: Retinyl Palmitate (See individual grades)

The vitamin that counteracts signs of skin aging.
Vitamin A stimulates skin cell proliferation, which eventually causes the epidermis to thicken, resulting in a stronger skin barrier function.
Vitamin A also improves skin appearance and in particular its elasticity.

Use Levels:
For Retinyl palmitate 1.7 miu/g the recommended use level is between 0.05 – 0.3%
For Retinyl palmitate 1.0 miu7g the recommended use level is between 0.05 – 0.6%

Vitamin A-Esters are active ingredients for cosmetic skin-care products.
They release Vitamin A on contact with enzymes in the skin.
Vitamin A stimulates cell growth, increases enzyme activity and normalizes cell division.
They are therefore able to counteract the skin-aging process and improve the appearance of UV-damaged skin.
At room temperature Vitamin A palmitate USP Care 1.7 stab w/Toc is a viscous, yellow oil that may contain some crystals, has a mild odor.
Vitamin A palmitate is Miscible with hydrocarbons, ethers, fats and oils.

Synonyms:
Retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A palmitate, all−trans−Retinol palmitate
Palmitic acid, ester with retinol
Retinol, palmitate, all-trans- (8CI)
Aquapalm
Dispatabs Tabs
trans-Retinyl palmitate
Vitazyme A
Optovit A
Axerophthol palmitate
trans-Retinol palmitate
Lutavit A 500 Plus
O~15~-hexadecanoylretinol
UNII-1D1K0N0VVC
all-trans-Retinol palmitate
Arovit (Roche)
all-trans-Vitamin A palmitate
Aquasol A (TN)
Retinol, all-trans-, palmitate
Retinyl palmitate
VITAMIN A PALMITATE
79-81-2
Retinol palmitate
Retinol, hexadecanoate
all-trans-Retinyl palmitate
Arovit
Optovit-A
Retinyl hexadecanoate
NCGC00095056-03
DSSTox_CID_1241
DSSTox_RID_76033
DSSTox_GSID_21241
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-Hexadecanoic acid 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-nona-2, 4,6,8,tetraenyl ester
Retinyl (Vitamin A) Palmitate
Vitamin A Solubilized
CAS-79-81-2
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-yl hexadecanoate
SMR000112463
CCRIS 3280
Retinol, palmitate, all-trans-
EINECS 201-228-5
BRN 1917366
MFCD00019414
Retinyl hexadecanoic acid
Retinol palmitate [JAN]
Spectrum5_001201
bmse000501
EC 201-228-5
Retinol palmitate (JP17)
CHEMBL1675
SCHEMBL41649
MLS001332437
MLS001332438
SPECTRUM1503604
all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate
DTXSID1021241
HMS500M11
HMS1922E10
HMS2093G13
HMS2268C06
Pharmakon1600-01503604
(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-yl palmitate
AMY13840
HY-B1384
ZINC8214494
Tox21_113452
Tox21_303008
CCG-39342
LMPR01090013
NSC758478
s4126
retinol, O~15~-(1-oxohexadecyl)-
AKOS015918435
NSC 758478
NSC-758478
Vitamin A palmitate, 1.7 M.I.U./g
IDI1_000249
NCGC00095056-01
NCGC00095056-02
NCGC00256427-01
AC-20001
retinol, all-trans-, palmitate
retinol, palmitate, all-trans-
retinyl hexadecanoate
retinyl palmitate
all-trans-retinyl palmitate
trans-retinyl palmitate
vitamin A palmitate