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TRIETHANOLAMINE

Triethanolamine is a sticky organic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups. Triethanolamine is a strong base. Triethanolamine is also abbreviated as TEOA, which can help distinguish it from triethylamine.

CAS NUMBER: 102-71-6

SYNONYM:
Trolamine; 102-71-6; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Sterolamide; Daltogen; Nitrilotriethanol; Triethylolamine; Trihydroxytriethylamine; Thiofaco T-35; Triethanolamin; Sting-Kill; Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-; Tri(hydroxyethyl)amine; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine; Nitrilo-2,2',2''-triethanol; Sodium ISA; Alkanolamine 244; Teoa; TEA (amino alcohol); 2,2',2''-Nitrilotris(ethanol); Nitrilotris(ethanol); Tris(hydroxyethyl)amine; Triethanolamin-NG; H3tea; Triaethanolamin-NG; 2,2',2-Nitrilotriethanol; N(CH2CH2OH)3; Mobisyl; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotrisethanol; Trola; Triethanolamine homopolymer; 2,2',2''-Trihydroxytriethylamine; Poly(triethanolamine) ether; 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; Trihydroxyethylamine; Trolamine (NF); Trolamine [NF]; UNII-9O3K93S3TK; MFCD00002855; NSC 36718; Mobisy (TN); Triethylamine, 2,2',2''-trihydroxy-; 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethan-1-ol

Triethanolamine is an oily liquid with a mild ammonia odor. Triethanolamine is a tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. It has a role as a buffer and a surfactant. Triethanolamine is a tertiary amino compound, a triol and an amino alcohol. Triethanolamine derives from a triethylamine. Triethanolamine is a conjugate base of a triethanolammonium. Trolamine, which is also referred to as triethanolamine, is a tertiary amine and a triol. Triethanolamine is a bifunctional compound that exhibits both properties of alcohols and amines. Trolamine contains small amounts of diethanolamine and ethanolamine and may also act as an antioxidant against the auto-oxidation of animal and vegetable fats. Triethanolamine is commonly used as a pH adjuster and surfactant in industrial and cosmetic products such as skin and hair conditioning products.

Triethanolamine is a viscous organic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. A triol is a molecule with three alcohol groups. Approximately 150,000 tonnes were produced in 1999. Triethanolamine is a colourless compound although samples may appear yellow because of impurities. Triethanolamine is used primarily in making surfactants, such as for emulsifier. Triethanolamine is a common ingredient in formulations used for both industrial and consumer products. The triethanolamine neutralizes fatty acids, adjusts and buffers the pH, and solubilizes oils and other ingredients that are not completely soluble in water. Triethanolammonium salts in some cases are more soluble than salts of alkali metals that might be used otherwise, and results in less alkaline products than would from using alkali metal hydroxides to form the salt. Some common products in which triethanolamine is found are sunscreen lotions, liquid laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, general cleaners, hand sanitizers, polishes, metalworking fluids, paints, shaving cream and printing inks.

Triethanolamine is also used as organic additive in the grinding of cement clinker. Triethanolamine facilitates the grinding process by preventing agglomeration and coating of the powder at the surface of balls and mill wall. Various ear diseases and infections are treated with eardrops containing triethanolamine polypeptide oleate-condensate, such as Cerumenex in the United States. In pharmaceutics, triethanolamine is the active ingredient of some eardrops used to treat impacted earwax. It also serves as a pH balancer in many different cosmetic products, ranging from cleansing creams and milks, skin lotions, eye gels, moisturizers, shampoos, shaving foams,TEOA is a fairly strong base: a 1% solution has a pH of approximately 10, whereas the pH of skin is less than pH 7, approximately 5.5−6.0. Cleansing milk–cream emulsions based on TEOA are particularly good at removing makeup. 
Triethanolamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in metal-cutting fluids, a curing agent for epoxy and rubber polymers, as a copper–triethanolamine complex to control freshwater algae on lakes and ponds and as a neutralizer–dispersing agent in agricultural herbicide formulations.

Triethanolamine is also extensively used in emulsifiers, thickeners and wetting agents in the formulation of consumer products such as cosmetics, detergents, shampoos and other personal products. Other applications of triethanolamine include: adhesives, antistatic agents, cement and concrete work, coatings, in electroless and electroplating, in fuels, printing inks, lithography, metal-cleaning and lubricating, mining, paint and pigments, petroleum and coal production, as a pharmaceutical intermediate and an ointment-emulsifier in Triethanolamine. Triethanolamine is used as a neutralizing agent in water-based coatings. Additionally, it aids pigment dispersion. Triethanolamine can be used as a chain extender during the synthesis of polyol-based polyurethane foams and elastomers. Triethanolamine is used as a neutralizing agent in water-based inks. Additionally, Triethanolamine aids pigment dispersion. In metal working fluids, Triethanolamine is used both as a pH buffer as well as an anticorrosion additive. Triethanolamine forms quat salts with fatty acids which then find application in fabric softener formulations. Combined with fatty acids, Triethanolamine  forms quat salts. These surfactants are then used in a variety of personal care and industrial applications.

Triethanolamine, or more commonly referred to as TEA, is a basic tertiary amine. Triethanolamine is often used as a pH adjuster or to thicken cosmetic formulas. Triethanolamine’s manufacture results from the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia. Triethanolamine  is a product from the ethanolamine group, i.e. products of adding ethylene oxide to ammonia. Triethanolamine is also known as 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol. Triethanolamine S is an oily liquid (at 20 to 25 °C) and solidifies at approximately 15 °C. The product freely soluble in water. Triethanolamine is used in dry cleaning and wool scouring. Triethanolamine is found in cosmetics, household detergents, metalworking fluids, polishes and emulsions. Triethanolamine is used as an antifoam agent, water repellant, dispersion agent, corrosion inhibitor, softening agent, emulsifier, humectant, plasticizer, chelating agent, solvent, rubber accelerator and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.

Triethanolamine is a clear, colorless, thick liquid that smells a bit like ammonia because Triethanolamine has nitrogen at its center," Romanowski says. As he explains Triethanolamine, triethanolamine is made by reacting ethylene oxide, which is derived from the petroleum industry, with ammonia, which is derived from air. Triethanolamine's primarily used in product formulas to adjust the pH (which means the amount of acidity in something) and to emulsify immiscible fluids (in other words, fluids that don't mix well on their own). Triethanolamine isn't used in any specific product types per se, but you will find this stabilizer and pH adjuster in everything from cosmetics and fragrances to haircare and skincare. In regards to skincare, in particular, triethanolamine can be found in a wide range of products: shaving gels and creams, sunscreens, lotions, serums, and cleansers.

Triethanolamine might not have any particular benefits for the skin, but it does function in a few different ways to help the overall products that it's used in work better and last longer. According to Schultz, triethanolamine can neutralize things that throw acidity and alkalinity off balance. "The reason that’s important is because a pH that’s out of the neutral range has a higher chance of causing irritation," he says. If you've done your research on triethanolamine, you might've come across scary information involving the formation of possibly carcinogenic nitrosamines when Triethanolamine's used with certain ingredients (N-nitrosating agents) during manufacturing. So first, let's clear the air. Romanowski says that the ingredient is not dangerous to use at cosmetic levels and is safe when delivered from a standard cosmetic product.Triethanolamine is a viscous organic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. Triethanolamine is a strongly alkaline substance used as surfactant, pH adjusting chemical, fragrance ingredient, and emulsifying agent. 
Treithanolamine is used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, including eyeliners, mascara, eye shadows, blushers, make-up bases and foundations, as well as in fragrances, hair care products, hair dyes, wave sets, shaving products, sunscreens, and skin care and skin cleansing products.

Triethanolamine is FDA approved as an indirect food additive (aka Triethanolamine can be used in packaging) and CIR approved with concentration limits. The CIR determined that Triethanolamine was "safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products designed for discontinuous, brief use followed by thorough rinsing from the surface of the skin. In products intended for prolonged contact with the skin, the concentration of Triethanolamine should not exceed 5%. Triethanolamine's production and use as chemical intermediate in the manufacture of surfactants, personal care products, detergents, and corrosion inhibitors, especially in coolants for automotive engines and additives for lubricating fluids, for cutting oils and for milling cement may result in Triethanolamine’s release to the environment through various waste streams. 

 According to Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics, and the U.S. National Library of Medicine, there is strong evidence that Triethanolamine is a human skin, immune system and respiratory toxicant. One or more animal studies show sense organ effects at very low doses, especially when used around the mouth, eyes and lips, and one or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells show positive mutation results. Triethanolamine has been shown to cause bladder and liver cancer, as well as changes in testicles. Triethanolamine can cause allergic reactions including eye problems, dryness of hair and skin, and could be toxic if absorbed into the body over a long period of time. Triethanolamine can cause itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin, all symptoms which may increase with higher concentrations. Triethanolamine should not be used in products containing N-nitrosating agents to prevent the formation of possibly carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Triethanolamine is an amine produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ammonia. Triethanolamine is used as a buffering agent, masking and fragrance ingredient, and surfactant, in addition to its primary use as a pH adjuster. Treithanolamine is used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, including eyeliners, mascara, eye shadows, blushers, make-up bases and foundations, as well as in fragrances, hair care products, hair dyes, wave sets, shaving products, sunscreens, and skin care and skin cleansing products. Triethanolamine is also used with in conjunction with fatty acids to convert acid to salt, which in turn becomes the base for a cleanser, Additionally, Triethanolamine may assist in emulsion formation by reducing surface tension of the substances, enabling water and oil-soluble ingredients to mix.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel assessed the safety of triethanolamine Triethanolamine and 31 related Triethanolamine containing ingredients as used in cosmetics. The Triethanolamine is reported to function as a surfactant or pH adjuster; the related Triethanolamine containing ingredients included in this safety assessment are reported to function as surfactants and hair or skin conditioning agents. The exception is Triethanolamine sorbate, which is reported to function as a preservative. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data. Although data were not available for all the ingredients, the panel relied on the information available for Triethanolamine in conjunction with previous safety assessments of components of Triethanolamine containing ingredients. These data could be extrapolated to support the safety of all included ingredients. The panel concluded that Triethanolamine and related Triethanolamine containing ingredients named in this report are safe as used when formulated to be nonirritating. These ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which nitroso compounds can be formed.

IUPAC NAME:
2,2',2"-nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2"-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2"-Nitrolotriethanol; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotri(ethan-1-ol); 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-nitrilotriethanol-OR30; 2,2',2II-nitrilotriethanol; 2,2,2-nitrilotriethanol; 2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethanol; 2-[Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino]ethanol; 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethan-1-ol; 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; Agent I805; Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-; TAE, Triethanolamine;Triethanolamine; Treiethannolamine ;TRIETHANOLAMINE; Triethanolamine; triethanolamine; TRIETHANOLAMINE; Triethanolamine; triethanolamine; Triethanolamine, Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Triethanolanmin; Triethyanolamine; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
 
TRADE NAME:
2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotris[ethanol]; Agent I805;Alkanolamine 244; Daltogen;Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotri- (8CI); Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris- (9CI); Nitrilotriethanol; Sterolamide; Sting-Kill; Triethanolamine; Triethanolamine (amino alcohol); TEOA; Thiofaco T 35; Thiofaco T35; Trietanolamina 85%; Trietanolamina 99%; Trietanolamina 99% D85 ;Triethanolamin; TRIETHANOLAMINE; Triethanolamine; TRIETHANOLAMINE 80%
 
OTHER NAME:
102-71-6;105655-27-4;105655-27-4;126068-67-5;126068-67-5;1429745-86-7; 36549-53-8;36549-53-8

Triethanolamin is an amino alcohol commercially produced by aminating ethylene oxide with ammonia. The replacement of  hydrogens of ammonia with ethanol groups produces Triethanolamine. The Triethanolamine contains small amounts of diethanolamine and ethanolamine. The Triethanolamine is reactive and bifunctional, combining the properties of alcohols and amines. The reaction of ethanolamines and sulfuric acid produces sulfates. The Triethanolamine can act as an antioxidant against the autoxidation of fats of both animal and vegetable origin. The Triethanolamine is produced by reacting  moles of ethylene oxide with  mole of ammonia; additional ethylene oxide will continue to react to produce higher ethylene oxide adducts of Triethanolamine. Typically, ethylene oxide is reacted with ammonia in a batch process to produce a crude mixture of approximately one-third of each ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and Triethanolamine. The crude mixture is later separated by distillation.

The Triethanolamine is reported to function in cosmetics as a surfactant or pH adjuster, and Triethanolamine can be used in fragrances.13 Most of the other Triethanolamine ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as surfactants, skin conditioning agents, or hair-conditioning agents. Triethanolamine sorbate is reported to function only as a preservative. Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP) data obtained from the FDA in 2011 indicate that Triethanolamine is used in 3756 formulations; 3034 of those products are leave-on formulations, and 3106 formulations involve dermal exposure. According to the data submitted by industry in response to a survey conducted by the Personal Care Products Council (Council), Triethanolamine is used at concentrations of 0.0002% to 19%.15 In leave-on products, the reported use concentrations range from 0.0002% to 6%. With the exception of Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate and Triethanolamine stearate, all other in-use Triethanolamine containing ingredients had less than 20 reported uses.  Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate had the highest concentrations of use, with ≤40% being reported for rinse-off and ≤8% for leave-on formulations. 

The Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of emulsifiers and dispersing agents for textile specialties, agricultural chemicals, waxes, mineral and vegetable oils, paraffin, polishes, cutting oils, petroleum demulsifiers, and cement additives. Triethanolamine is an intermediate for resins, plasticizers, and rubber chemicals. Triethanolamine is used as a lubricant in the textile industry, as a humectant and softening agent for hides, as an alkalizing agent and surfactant in pharmaceuticals, as an absorbent for acid gases, and in organic syntheses. The Triethanolamine is reported to function as a surfactant or pH adjuster, and the other Triethanolamine containing ingredients such as surfactants, skin conditioning agents, or hair conditioning agents. Triethanolamine sorbate is reported to function only as a preservative. The Triethanolamine is reported to be used in 3756 cosmetic ingredients at concentrations of up to 6% in leave-on formulations, 19% in rinse-off formulations, and 0.7% in products that are diluted for (bath) use. All the other ingredients named in this safety assessment that are in use, with the exception of Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (302 uses) and TEA-stearate (130 uses), are reported to have less than 20 uses.

The Triethanolamine may contain diethanolamine as an impurity. Trialkylamines, trialkanolamines, and their salts are allowed for use by the EU at concentrations of up to 2.5% in leave-on products; “other” product types do not have a concentration limit for Triethanolamine. There are additional restrictions regarding conditions for the use of Triethanolamine in leave-on and rinse-off products, including a maximum allowable secondary amine content of 0.5% in raw material and a maximum allowable nitrosamine content of 50 µg/kg. According to Health Canada, some leave-on products contain Triethanolamine at concentrations of 10% to 30%, with some reporting concentrations in the range of 30% to 100%. Dermal absorption studies of Triethanolamine were performed in vitro using human skin samples and in vivo using and rats. In vitro, the absorption of Triethanolamine through human skin was low under conditions simulating perceived cosmetic use, that is, 1% to 5% at pH 7.0; approximately 5.5% to 9.5% of the dose was recovered in the skin after 24 or 72 hours; however, only ∼0.5% was recovered in the receptor fluid. In, triethanolamine in acetone was rapidly absorbed, and absorption increased with increasing dose. The majority of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine, 48% to 56% in 72 hours, primarily as unchanged Triethanolamine . The Triethanolamine was absorbed more slowly and less extensively in rats than in. In rats, 19% to 28% of the dose was absorbed over a 72-hour period, and 13% to 24% of the dose was recovered in the urine, mostly as unchanged Triethanolamine. In an oral dosing study with rats, Triethanolamine was rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and excreted mostly in the form of unchanged Triethanolamine.

Triethanolamine is a colorless oily liquid with the smell of ammonia. Triethanolamine is easy to absorb water and will turn into brown color when being exposed to the air and the light. At low temperature, Triethanolamine  will become colorless or pale yellow cubic crystal. Triethanolamine is miscible with water, methanol and acetone. Triethanolamine is soluble in benzene, ether, slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, n-heptane. Triethanolamine is a kind of strong alkaline, combining with protons, can be used for condensation reaction. Triethanolamine is currently a commonly used early strength agent used in China's cement industry with the effect of early strength agent being accelerating hydration process of the cement in the presence of liquid phase in the concrete to improve the early strength. Although triethanolamine does not change the hydration product of cement, it can enhance the activity of the colloid generated through the hydration of cement, producing pressure to surrounding regions, blocking the capillary channel, exacerbating the effect of the adsorption, wetting and dispersion of particles and so on, promoting the reaction of the formation of hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate between the gypsum. This can improve the density of concrete, anti-permeability and antifreeze property, playing the role of early strength and enhancing the strength.

When used in combination with inorganic salts, Triethanolamine can play a catalytic role due to the hydration of cement itself and the reaction between inorganic salts and cement, so that the effect of early strength is particularly significant in the case. At room temperature, Triethanolamine appears as colorless transparent viscous liquid with hygroscopicity and ammonia smell. Triethanolamine is alkaline, being irritating. Triethanolamine has a melting point of 21.2 °C, the boiling point of 360 °C, a flash point of 193 ° C, the relative density (d420) 1.1242 and refractive index (nD20) of 1.4852. It is miscible with water, ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in ether, benzene and carbon tetrachloride. In analytical chemistry, triethanolamine can be used as the stationary phase for the gas liquid chromatography (the maximum temperature is 75 ℃ with the solvent being methanol and ethanol), used for the separation of pyridine and methyl substitutes. In the complexometric titration and other analysis, Triethanolamine can be used as a masking agent for interfering ions. For example, in a solution of pH = 10, when we apply EDTA for titration of magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium, nickel and other ions, the reagent can be used for masking titanium, aluminum, iron, tin and some other ions. In addition, Triethanolamine can also be dubbed with hydrochloric acid into a buffer solution of a certain pH value.

Triethanolamine is mainly used in the manufacture of surfactants, liquid detergents, cosmetics and so on. Triethanolamine is one of the components of cutting fluid and antifreeze fluid. During the nitrile rubber polymerization, Triethanolamine can be used as an activator, being the vulcanization activator of natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Triethanolamine can also be used as the emulsifiers of oil, wax and pesticides, the moisturizer and stabilizer of cosmetics, textile softeners as well as the anti-corrosion additives of lubricants. Triethanolamine is also capable of absorbing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and other gases. During the cleaning of the coke oven gas and other industrial gases, Triethanolamine can be used for removal of acid gases. Triethanolamine is also a commonly used masking agent in the EDTA titration assay. Feed the ethylene oxide and ammonia water are into the reactor; conduct the condensation reaction under a reaction temperature of 30-40 °C and a reaction pressure to generate a mixture solution of mono-, di-and triethanolamine; after undergoing dehydration and concentration at 90-120 °Cand then send to three vacuum distillation tower for vacuum distillation; capture different fractions according to different boiling points, you can get over 99% purity of the finished product of ethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. During the course of the reaction, if increase the proportion of ethylene oxide, the generation ratio of di-and tri-ethanolamine will increase so we can get higher di-and tri-ethanolamine yield.

Triethanolamine is widely used in industry for scrubbing acid gases and in production of detergents and alkanolamide surfactants; to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen from natural gas, to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; as an alkaline conditioning agent; as an intermediate for soaps, detergents, dyes, and textile agents. Diethanolamine is an absorbent for gases; a solubilizer for 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; and a softener and emulsifier intermediate for detergents. Triethanolamine also finds use in the dye and textile industry. Triethanolamine is used as plasticizers, neutralizer for alkaline dispersions; lubricant additive; corrosion inhibitor; and in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoos, shaving preparations; face and hand creams; cements, cutting oils, insecticides, surface active agents; waxes, polishes, and herbicides.

Triethanolamine is manufactured through the condensation reaction between ethylene oxide and ammonia under 30~40 °C and the pressure, in which the molar concentration of ethylene oxide and ammonia ratio is about 2.0. After the reaction, perform vacuum distillation through the distillation column, cut off the fractions of about 360 °C. Triethanolamine is a viscous, colourless/pale yellow liquid with a weak ammoniacal odour. Triethanolamine is incompatible with copper, copper alloys, galvanised iron, acids, and oxidisers. Reports indicate that in India itself, as many as six companies manufacture triethanolamine and Triethanolamine is manufactured by many different countries around the world. Global production and industrial application of triethanolamine is very extensive.
Triethanolamine may turn brown on exposure to air and light.The 85% grade of triethanolamine tends to stratify below 15℃; homegeneity can be restored by warming and mixing before use.

Triethanolamine should be stored in an airtight container protected from light, in a cool, dry place. In industries, triethanolamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in metal-cutting fluids; a curing agent for epoxy and rubber polymers; a copper–triethanolamine; in emulsifiers, thickeners, and wetting agents in the formulation of consumer products such as cosmetics, detergents, shampoos, and other personal products; and a neutraliser-dispersing agent in agricultural herbicide formulations. In brief, triethanolamine has wide applications as a corrosion inhibitor, a surface-active agent, and an intermediate in various products including metalworking fluids, oils, fuels, paints, inks, cement, cosmetic, and personal products and formulations of algicides and herbicides. Triethanolamine is a tertiary amine that contains hydroxy groups; Triethanolamine is capable of undergoing reactions typical of tertiary amines and alcohols. Triethanolamine will react with mineral acids to form crystalline salts and esters. With the higher fatty acids, triethanolamine forms salts that are soluble in water and have characteristics of soaps.

Triethanolamine will also react with copper to form complex salts. Discoloration and precipitation can take place in the presence of heavy metal salts. Triethanolamine can react with reagents such as thionyl chloride to replace the hydroxy groups with halogens. The products of these reactions are very toxic, resembling other nitrogen mustards. Triethanolamine is a pale yellow and viscous liquid. Triethanolamine is hygroscopic with an irritant and ammoniacal odor. There are multiple industrial and domestic applications for this compound, i.e., in the manufacture of toilet products, cosmetics formulations, solvents for waxes, resins, dyes, paraffi ns and polishes, herbicides, and lubricants for textile products. In the pharmaceutical industry, triethanolamine is used as a non-steroidal, antiinfl ammatory agent, an emulsifi er, and an alkylating agent.

Triethanolamine is used primarily as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension between two media. It is also used as a general emulsifier for preparations, such as ones involving drug penetration ass ays. Triethanolamine is used in fatty-acid soaps; in dry cleaning, cosmetics, shampoos, creams, waxes, cutting oils, household detergents, and emulsions; in wool scouring; textile antifume agent; water repellant; dispersion agent; corrosion inhibitor; softener; emulsifier; humectant; plasticizer; chelating agent; rubber accelerator; pharmaceutical alkalizing agent; catalyst for condensation etc.; in emulsions with mineral and vegetable oils. Triethanolamine is used primarily as an emulsifying agent in a variety of topical pharmaceutical preparations. Although generally regarded as a nontoxic material, triethanolamine may cause hypersensitivity or be irritant to the skin when present in formulated products. The lethal human oral dose of triethanolamine is estimated to be body-weight. Following concern about the possible production of nitrosamines in the stomach, the Swiss authorities have restricted the use of triethanolamine to preparations intended for external use. The emulsifing agent triethanolamine can be contained in many products, such as metalwork cutting fluids and in color-film developers. Traces may exist in other ethanolamines such as mono- and diethanolamine.

Triethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which are separated to obtain the pure products. Triethanolamine is produced with ethanolamine and diethanolamine by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide and the triethanolamine is then separated by distillation. In 1984, 139.6 million pounds of triethanolamine were produced in the United States. Triethanolamine is an aminoalcohol. Neutralize acids to form salts plus water in exothermic reactions. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Reacts violently with strong oxidants. Combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Triethanolamine is widely used in topical pharmaceutical formulations, primarily in the formation of emulsions. When mixed in equimolar proportions with a fatty acid, such as stearic acid or oleic acid, triethanolamine forms an anionic soap with a pH of about 8, which may be used as an emulsifying agent to produce fine-grained, stable oil-in-water emulsions. Concentrations that are typically used for emulsification are 2–4% v/v of triethanolamine and 2–5 times that of fatty acids. In the case of mineral oils, 5% v/v of triethanolamine will be needed, with an appropriate increase in the amount of fatty acid used. Preparations that contain triethanolamine soaps tend to darken on storage. However, discoloration may be reduced by avoiding exposure to light and contact with metals and metal ions. Triethanolamine is also used in salt formation for injectable solutions and in topical analgesic preparations. Triethanolamine is also used in sun screen preparations. Triethanolamine is used as an intermediate in the manufacturing of surfactants, textile specialties, waxes, polishes, herbicides, petroleum demulsifiers, toilet goods, cement additives, and cutting oils. Triethanolamine is also claimed to be used for the production of lubricants for the rubber gloves and textile industries. Other general uses are as buffers, solvents, and polymer plasticizers, and as a humectant.

Triethanolamine undergoes reactions characteristic of tertiary amines and of alcohols. Two industrially important reactions of the ethanolamines involve reaction with carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide to yield water soluble salts, and reaction with long chain fatty acids to form neutral ethanolamine soaps. Substituted ethanolamine compounds, such as soaps, are used extensively as emulsifiers, thickeners, wetting agents, and detergents in cosmetic formulations (including skin cleaners, creams, and lotions). The largest uses for Triethanolamine are in the production of fatty acid soaps and detergents and in cosmetic formulations. In cosmetics, triethanolamine is an important raw material and is used in combination with fatty acids as emulsifiers for creams, lotions, skin cleaners, and shampoos. Triethanolamine is also used in cement and concrete to reduce particle agglomeration within the grinding mill; as an antistatic agent in the textile industry; in the metal industry for metal plating and in alkaline derusting formulations; in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator.

Triethanolamine may also be used as a surface active agent in cutting fluids; as an absorption agent for acidic gases in air pollution control; as a component of coating on fruits and vegetables; as a solvent for casein, shellac, and dyes; and as a penetrating agent for organic liquids in wood and paper. Triethanolamine is permitted in articles intended for use in the production, processing, or packaging of food. This emulsifying agent can be contained in many products such as cosmetics, topical medicines, metalworking cut- ting fluids, and color film developers. Traces may exist in other ethanolamines such as monoand diethanolamine. Contact allergy seems to be rarer than previously thought. Triethanolamine is a viscous organic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. Triethanolamine  is a colourless compound although Triethanolamine may appear yellow because of impurities.Triethanolamine is produced from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia, also produced are ethanolamine and diethanolamine. Triethanolamine is used primarily in making surfactants, such as for emulsifier. Triethanolamine  is a common ingredient in formulations used for both consumer and industrial products.

Some common products in which triethanolamine is found are sunscreen lotions, detergents, liquid laundry, general cleaners, dishwashing liquids, hand sanitizers, polishes, paints, metalworking fluids, shaving cream and printing inks. Triethanolamine is used primarily as an emulsifier and surfactant. Triethanolamine neutralizes fatty acids, adjusts and buffers the pH, and solubilises oils and other ingredients that are not completely soluble in water. Triethanolamine is also used as organic additive (0.1 wt. %) in the grinding of cement clinker. Another common use of Triethanolamine is as a complexing agent for aluminium ions in aqueous solutions. Triethanolamine 90% Uses include the manufacture of adhesives and sealants. Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of agricultural chemicals. These chemicals are specified as non-pesticides. Triethanolamine 90% is used as the solvent of pesticides obtained from zinc sulphate and boric acid. The concentration of triethanolamine here can be between 85% and 99%.
Triethanolamine occurs on iron when cement is combined with iron in constructions. Triethanolamine is modified with when manufacturing cement to prevent or delay the formation of corrosion in rebars. In this way, Triethanolamine is aimed to delay the rusting and decay of the rebars exposed to moisture.

Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling chemicals. Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of functional fluids used in closed systems. The purpose of using Triethanolamine here is to create a gel layer on the metal surface by being modified with different chemicals. Triethanolamine used in the manufacture of some intermediate chemicals. Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of lubricating additives and lubricants. Triethanolamine is used as a pH adjusting chemical for skin and hair care products. Triethanolamine is used as a surfactant in sunscreen lotions, liquid laundry detergents, varnishes, paints and cosmetics. In this area, Triethanolamine, pH stabilizer and formula have thickening effect. Triethanolamine is used extensively in the manufacture of personal care products. Triethanolamine 90% Radiator and engine waters of vehicles tend to freeze below a certain temperature. Antifreezes are used to prevent such freezing problems from occurring in vehicle systems. Triethanolamine 90% is used in the production of antifreeze and de-icing products used here.

Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of textiles and leather products not covered elsewhere. Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of metal products that are not coated elsewhere. Triethanolamine 90% is used in the manufacture of paper products. Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of processing auxiliary chemicals. Triethanolamine becomes part of the product formulation and is used as a solvent. Triethanolamine 90% is used in the manufacture of printing inks. Triethanolamine is used in the processing of building and construction materials, wood and wood products. Triethanolamine used in the manufacture of some oils and greases. Triethanolamine is used in the manufacture of photographic materials, film and photographic chemicals. Triethanolamine  is used in the manufacture of photochemicals.
 

 

 

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