TRIMETHYLSILOXYSILICATE

DESCRIPTION
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products, especially in formulations for skin care, hair care, and makeup. 
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a type of siloxane that combines silicon, oxygen, and carbon. 
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is often used as a film-forming agent, providing a smooth and long-lasting finish to products.
 
Cas number
63148-57-2
 
SYNONYMS
Silicone resin,Silicone elastomer,Trimethylsiloxy-terminated, silicate,Methyltrimethoxysilane silicate
 

Definition of Trimethylsiloxysilicate (TMS):
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a siloxane compound widely used in various industrial and consumer products due to its hydrophobic, durable, and flexible properties. 
It contains silicon-oxygen bonds and is often used as a key component in formulating silicone resins and elastomers. 
The compound generally appears as a clear, viscous liquid or resin, depending on its molecular weight.
 
General Chemical Properties:
 
Molecular formula: (CH₃O)₃Si–O–Si(CH₃)₃
Functional groups: Methyl groups (–CH₃), Si–O–Si bonds (siloxane), and silicon atoms.
TMS is a member of the larger family of organosilicon compounds, which also includes other siloxanes and silicones, known for their resilience against temperature extremes, water resistance, and electrical insulation properties.
Chemical Structure:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate features a silicon backbone with three methyl groups attached to the silicon atoms. 
These groups help to reduce the polarity of the molecule, enhancing its hydrophobic characteristics. 
The structure's siloxane linkages provide flexibility and stability, making TMS an essential compound for a variety of formulations.
 
Overview of Its Uses and Significance:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate finds its primary applications in industries such as cosmetics (as a film-forming agent), paints (for enhanced weather resistance), and industrial coatings (for corrosion protection). Its ability to form durable, smooth coatings and its resistance to environmental degradation make it a versatile compound.
 
Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight and Composition:
TMS typically has a molecular weight ranging between 250 and 300 g/mol, depending on its specific formulation. 
This molecular weight contributes to its viscosity and volatility.
 
Boiling and Melting Points:
 
Boiling point: TMS has a high boiling point due to its siloxane bonding structure, which imparts stability at elevated temperatures.
Melting point: Generally, TMS remains a liquid at room temperature, with its freezing point being extremely low.
Solubility and Stability:
TMS is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like toluene, xylene, and acetone. 
Its stability in both high and low pH environments makes it particularly useful for applications in harsh conditions.
 
Viscosity and Refractive Index:
The viscosity of TMS is influenced by its molecular weight. 
At room temperature, it tends to be viscous, contributing to its function as a film-forming agent. 
The refractive index is often utilized in applications requiring optical clarity, such as in coatings and sealants.
 
Key Functional Properties:
 
Hydrophobicity: Due to its methyl groups, TMS is highly hydrophobic, making it ideal for use in water-resistant formulations such as sunscreens, rain-repellent coatings, and sealants.
Silicone Bonding: The Si–O–Si linkage gives TMS flexibility, which is crucial for applications in materials that need to withstand movement or stress.
Synthesis and Production Methods
Common Production Methods:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is typically synthesized through a process involving silane chemistry. 
The general production involves the condensation of a methyl silane (such as trimethylsilane) with a silicon-based compound (e.g., silica or siloxane derivatives) under controlled conditions.
 
Chemical Reaction Pathways:
 
The silylation reaction often begins with trimethylsilane reacting with silanol (Si–OH) or silica.
The reaction forms a siloxane bond (Si–O–Si) and releases water, a key byproduct of siloxane chemistry.
Catalysts Used in Synthesis:
Acid or base catalysts are commonly used to drive the condensation reaction between silane and silica. 
In some processes, tin-based catalysts are employed to control the reaction rate and improve the yield.
 
Reaction Conditions:
 
Temperature: Reactions often occur between 100–300°C.
Solvent: Solvents like toluene or hexane are often used to aid in the condensation reaction and remove water.
Scale-Up Challenges:
While small-scale synthesis is relatively straightforward, scaling up the production process can be challenging due to the handling of large quantities of solvents, the control of reaction conditions, and the removal of byproducts.
 
Mechanism of Action and Chemical Behavior
Behavior in Different Solvents and Environments:
TMS is largely hydrophobic, which means it repels water and does not dissolve in aqueous environments. 
It performs exceptionally well in non-polar solvents, such as hydrocarbons, and contributes to the water resistance and durability of the materials it is part of.
 
Interaction with Water and Moisture:
TMS reacts slowly with moisture, leading to the hydrolysis of the siloxane bonds. 
This results in the formation of silanols (Si–OH) and the release of small amounts of alcohol (e.g., methanol). 
This is particularly important in formulations where water resistance is needed, as the molecule’s stability in humid environments can be crucial.
 
Reactivity with Other Siloxanes or Organic Compounds:
TMS is known to undergo cross-linking reactions with other siloxane compounds, forming larger, more complex polymer networks. 
This cross-linking improves the material’s mechanical properties, enhancing its resilience and durability in coatings and adhesives.
 
Cross-Linking with Other Materials:
In industrial applications, TMS is often cross-linked with other silicone-based resins to create flexible, durable films or coatings. 
The ability to form such networks allows TMS to be used in paints, adhesives, and sealants that must endure physical stress without degrading.
 
Degradation and Breakdown:
Under environmental stress, such as exposure to UV radiation, high temperatures, or moisture, TMS can degrade. 
The degradation typically results in the breakdown of the siloxane bonds and the release of methanol. 
However, due to the nature of the siloxane bonds, the degradation is often slower compared to organic polymers.
 
Applications of Trimethylsiloxysilicate
Cosmetic Industry:
 
Skin Care: TMS is a common ingredient in sunscreens, moisturizers, and anti-aging formulations, providing a long-lasting barrier against environmental elements.
Hair Care: It is used in hair serums, conditioners, and styling products, where it helps form a smooth film that protects hair from humidity and styling damage.
Emollient and Film Former: TMS improves the spreadability of creams and lotions, contributing to a non-greasy feel while forming an impervious layer on the skin.
Paints and Coatings:
 
TMS is often included in formulations for weather-resistant paints, contributing to water-repellent surfaces, higher gloss retention, and enhanced durability under environmental stress.
It acts as a silicone resin, helping improve surface smoothness and resistance to scratches and stains.
Adhesives and Sealants:
 
As a key component in adhesives, TMS improves bonding strength and resistance to water, oil, and chemicals. 
It enhances both the adhesive's performance and longevity.
Sealants containing TMS are highly effective in creating waterproof barriers in construction, automotive, and aerospace applications.
Pharmaceuticals:
 
TMS can function as a stabilizer or excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, offering benefits in terms of improving the solubility or bioavailability of certain active ingredients.
It is also used in controlled-release drug formulations due to its ability to form stable films.
Industrial Applications:
 
TMS plays a role in lubricants, where it reduces friction and enhances the lifespan of mechanical components by providing smooth surfaces resistant to wear and corrosion.
Surface Treatments: Used to treat metals and polymers, improving their chemical resistance, wear resistance, and hydrophobicity.
Textiles and Leather:
 
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is used to make fabrics water- and stain-resistant without affecting their breathability. 
It is also employed in leather coatings to improve durability and protection from environmental factors.
 
Regulatory and Environmental Considerations
Environmental Degradation:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate degrades slowly in the environment, especially under UV light.
Its breakdown releases methanol and silanol compounds, which may accumulate in soils or water bodies, posing a risk to ecosystems in large quantities.
 
Regulations Governing Use:
TMS is subject to various regulations that ensure its safe use in consumer products. 
The FDA and REACH regulations govern its inclusion in cosmetic formulations. 
In industrial use, adherence to chemical safety standards like OSHA and EPA is required.
 
Recycling and Disposal Methods:
Because of the non-biodegradable nature of TMS, proper disposal methods are essential. 
The compound should not be disposed of in open environments. Waste containing TMS is often sent to specialized disposal facilities for treatment.
 
Market and Industry Trends
Current Market Trends:
The demand for TMS is rising in industries such as personal care, paints, coatings, and adhesives. 
This demand is driven by its versatility and the increasing consumer preference for high-performance, long-lasting products.
 
Key Manufacturers:
 
Large chemical companies like Dow Chemical, Momentive Performance Materials, and Wacker Chemie dominate the production and supply of TMS worldwide.
Innovations and Formulations:
Recent innovations focus on creating more eco-friendly and biodegradable silicone products, which are likely to shape the market in the coming years.
 
Future Projections:
The global market for TMS is expected to grow, particularly in emerging economies where industrialization and consumer demand for high-performance materials are increasing.
 
Analytical Techniques for Characterization
Spectroscopic Methods:
 
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) is used to determine the molecular structure of TMS, confirming the presence of the characteristic Si–O–Si linkage.
FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) provides information about functional groups, including the methyl groups and siloxane bonds.
Chromatographic Techniques:
 
GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) helps analyze trace contaminants and volatile components in TMS formulations.
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) is used for testing purity and separating components in complex mixtures.
Thermal Analysis:
 
DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) measures the thermal properties of TMS and its formulations, such as melting behavior and heat stability.
TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) assesses the stability of TMS under heating conditions and its degradation profile.
Microscopic Techniques:
 
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) are used for characterizing surface morphology, particularly in coatings and adhesives formulations.
Comparison with Other Silicones and Siloxanes
Trimethylsiloxysilicate vs. Dimethylsiloxane:
Dimethylsiloxane is a more commonly used siloxane with similar properties but less water resistance. Trimethylsiloxysilicate has superior adhesion, water repellency, and durability compared to dimethylsiloxane, especially in harsh environmental conditions.
 
Advantages and Disadvantages:
TMS is more expensive than some alternatives, but its superior durability, flexibility, and resistance to UV degradation make it the preferred choice in many high-performance applications.
 
Advances in Research and Development
Ongoing Research:
Research into green chemistry approaches is ongoing, focusing on developing more environmentally friendly versions of TMS and reducing its environmental footprint.
 
Biocompatible Formulations:
There's growing interest in making TMS-based formulations suitable for medical and pharmaceutical applications where biocompatibility and non-toxicity are paramount.
 
Emerging Technologies:
TMS is increasingly being explored in nanotechnology applications for creating self-healing materials, ultra-durable coatings, and advanced sensors.
 
Conclusion
Summary of Key Findings:
Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a versatile and valuable compound used across a broad range of industries. 
Its hydrophobic, flexible nature, combined with its ability to form durable films, makes it an essential material in cosmetics, coatings, and industrial applications.
 
Future Directions:
Future research and development will focus on making TMS more environmentally friendly while continuing to enhance its performance characteristics in various applications.
 
The Growing Role in Sustainable Technologies:
As industries move toward more sustainable materials, TMS will likely play a critical role due to its durability and resistance to environmental degradation.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT  TRIMETHYLSILOXYSILICATE

 
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
 
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. 
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
 
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
 
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.
 
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
 
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. 
 
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
 
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
 
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
 
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
 
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
 
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles. 
Faceshield (8-inch minimum). 
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
 
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
 
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
 
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. 
 
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. 
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
 
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product