1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as an industrial solvent used in many manufacturing sectors as a de-greaser, cleaning agent and varnish remover.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is also used in the production epoxy resin and can produced as a by-product in manufacturing of other chemicals.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane has been used as a cleaning and degreasing solvent and also is associated with pesticide products.

CAS Number: 96-18-4
EC Number: 202-486-1
Molecular Formula: C₃H₅Cl₃
Molecular Weight: 147.43 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane, TCP, Allyl Trichloride, Trichlorohydrin, Glycerol Trichlorohydrin, Glyceryl Trichlorohydrin, Propane-1,2,3-trichloride, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, TCP, Allyl trichloride, Glycerol trichlorohydrin, Trichlorohydrin, 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE, 96-18-4, Trichlorohydrin, Allyl trichloride, Glycerol trichlorohydrin, Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-, Glyceryl trichlorohydrin, DTXSID9021390, 1,2,3-Trichloro-propane, NCI-C60220, NSC 35403, 3MJ7QCK0Z0, NSC-35403, DTXCID401390, NSC35403, RefChem:71424, 202-486-1, MFCD00000946, CAS-96-18-4, Trichloropropane, 1,2,3-, CCRIS 5874, HSDB 1340, Glycerin trichlorohydrin, EINECS 202-486-1, UNII-3MJ7QCK0Z0, BRN 1732068, AI3-26040, 1,3-Trichloropropane, 1,2,3trichloropropane, Propane,2,3-trichloro-, 96-18-4(Methanol), EC 202-486-1, WLN: G1YG1G, SCHEMBL19623, SCHEMBL67657, BIDD:ER0690, CHEMBL346933, SCHEMBL9803138, CHEBI:34036, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Standard, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 99%, Tox21_202023, Tox21_302963, SBB060982, AKOS005622729, MSK9088-1000M, 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE [HSDB], 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE [IARC], 55 - VOCs (Fumigants) in Groundwater, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, TraceCERT(R), NCGC00090694-01, NCGC00090694-02, NCGC00090694-03, NCGC00256369-01, NCGC00259572-01, 111 - VOCs (Fumigants) in Groundwater, VS-02765, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, analytical standard, NS00006830, S0655, ST51047067, D97722, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 10 microg/mL in Methanol, Q161301, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 100 microg/mL in Methanol, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Solution in Methanol, 1000_g/mL, EPA Method 552.3 IS Solution 1,2,3-Trichloropropane, 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Glycerol trichlorohydrin, Trichlorohydrin

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless or straw-colored chemical compound which is slightly soluble in water and produced by the chlorination of propylene or the addition of chlorine to certain organic and inorganic compounds.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a man-made pollutant that can be found at industrial and hazardous waste sites.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless or straw-colored chemical compound which is slightly soluble in water and produced by the chlorination of propylene or the addition of chlorine to certain organic and inorganic compounds.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a synthetic chemical that is also known as allyl trichloride, glycerol trichlorohydrin, and trichlorohydrin.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless, heavy liquid with a sweet but strong odor.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane evaporates very quickly and small amounts dissolve in water.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane, also known as TCP, is an organic chemical found in some groundwater supplies.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is sightly soluble in water (2 g/L at 25°C).
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon with high chemical stability.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a manmade chemical found at industrial or hazardous waste sites.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is an organic compound with the formula CHCl(CH2Cl)2.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless liquid that is used as a solvent and in other specialty applications.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a crosslinking agent for polysulfide polymers and sealants.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a synthetic chemical that is also known as allyl trichloride, glycerol trichlorohydrin, and trichlorohydrin.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless, heavy liquid with a sweet but strong odor.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane evaporates very quickly and small amounts dissolve in water.
1,2,3-trichloropropane is a colorless liquid with a strong acid odor.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is denser than water and slightly soluble in water.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane hence sinks in water.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane functions as a solvent and intermediate in chemical synthesis.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane's mechanism of action involves its ability to react with other compounds to form new chemical products.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane can undergo substitution reactions with nucleophiles, such as hydroxide ions, to form various derivatives.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane can also participate in reactions involving alkali metals to produce different organic compounds.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane can act as a starting material for the synthesis of other chemicals, serving as a building block in the creation of more complex molecules.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is a chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) that has been used in chemical production processes, in agriculture, and as a solvent, resulting in point and non-point source contamination of soil and groundwater.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is mobile and highly persistent in soil and groundwater.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is not currently regulated at the national level in the United States, but maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) have been developed by some states.

Current treatment methods for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane are limited and can be cost prohibitive.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a manmade chemical, a chlorinated hydrocarbon
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (also known as 1,2,3 TCP, Allyl Trichloride, Glycerol Trichlorohydrin, Glycerin Trichlorohydrin, or Trichlorohydrin) is a man-made chemical compound created.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colourless or light straw coloured liquid with a strong chloroform odor.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is a synthetic chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon belonging to the family of halogenated organic compounds.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless, dense liquid with a characteristic chloroform-like odor and has historically been used as a chemical intermediate, industrial solvent, degreasing agent, paint remover, and extractive solvent.

Today, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane's primary commercial importance is as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing rather than as a solvent.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is stable under normal storage conditions but poses significant occupational and environmental hazards, requiring careful handling and strict exposure controls.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is also recognized as an important groundwater contaminant due to its persistence and limited biodegradability.

USES and APPLICATIONS of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is mainly used to make other chemicals.
Some of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is also used as an industrial solvent, paint and varnish remover, and cleaning and degreasing agent.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used as an industrial solvent used in many manufacturing sectors as a de-greaser, cleaning agent and varnish remover.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is also used in the production epoxy resin and can produced as a by-product in manufacturing of other chemicals.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane has been used as a cleaning and degreasing solvent and also is associated with pesticide products.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is used to study its reaction with OH regarding it spotential atmospheric relevance.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is mainly used to make other chemicals.
Some of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is also used as an industrial solvent, paint and varnish remover, and cleaning and degreasing agent.
Very little information is available on the amounts manufactured and the specific uses.

Historically, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane has been used as a paint or varnish remover, a cleaning and degreasing agent, an anaesthetic and a solvent.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is also used as an intermediate in the production of hexafluoropropylene.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is primarily employed as an industrial chemical intermediate in the manufacture of other chlorinated chemicals and specialty organic compounds.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane serves as a feedstock during the synthesis of polysulfide polymers, certain fluorinated chemicals, and other industrial intermediates where its chlorinated carbon backbone provides valuable reactivity.
Historically, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane was widely used as an industrial solvent because it effectively dissolves oils, greases, waxes, natural resins, synthetic resins, and various hydrophobic materials.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane also found application as a paint and varnish remover, metal degreasing solvent, extraction solvent, and cleaning agent for industrial equipment.
Most of these solvent applications of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane have been significantly reduced or discontinued because of toxicological and environmental concerns.
In polymer manufacturing, 1,2,3-trichloropropane has been used as a cross-linking intermediate during the production of certain polysulfide materials.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane has also been utilized in laboratory chemical synthesis where chlorinated intermediates are required for preparing more complex organic molecules.
Historically, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane appeared as an impurity or by-product in the manufacture of several chlorinated products and some agricultural chemicals, contributing to environmental contamination at manufacturing sites.
Today, industrial use of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is generally limited to carefully controlled closed-system manufacturing operations designed to minimize occupational exposure and environmental release.

HOW DID 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE ORIGINATE?
According to findings by the EPA, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane originated as an impurity in soil fumigants manufactured by prominent American chemical industries in the 1980s.
These fumigants were used to prevent parasitic organisms from affecting crop yield in the Great Central Valley of California.
However, the chemical leached through the soil into groundwater and eventually contaminated public water supplies.
Since then, there have been reports of cancer-related deaths in states where 1,2,3-Trichloropropane was found in public water supplies.

WHAT WAS 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE ORIGINALLY USED FOR?
Historically, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane was used as an industrial solvent, a cleaning/degreasing agent, and as an intermediate for producing other chemical compounds.
Nowadays, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a prohibited substance due to significant health hazards in humans after being discovered in large concentrations in public water supplies.

BENEFITS of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
Although its use has become increasingly restricted, 1,2,3-Trichloropropane possesses several technical advantages in industrial chemistry:
Effective intermediate for chlorinated organic synthesis
Good solvent power for oils, waxes, greases and resins
Chemically stable during storage
Compatible with numerous organic reaction systems
Useful precursor for specialty polymers
Moderate volatility suitable for industrial processing
High chemical purity can be achieved during production
Valuable building block for specialty chemical manufacturing

PROPERTIES of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a chemically stable chlorinated solvent with relatively high density and moderate volatility.
Because 1,2,3-Trichloropropane contains three chlorine atoms, it exhibits greater density and lower flammability than many non-halogenated hydrocarbons.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane possesses good solvency for numerous organic compounds including resins, waxes, oils and synthetic polymers.

1,2,3-Trichloropropane evaporates more slowly than lighter chlorinated solvents while remaining sufficiently volatile for industrial processing.
Its low water solubility but moderate organic solvent compatibility make 1,2,3-Trichloropropane useful as an intermediate in various chemical synthesis processes.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane demonstrates excellent chemical stability during storage and transportation when protected from incompatible oxidizing materials.

However, its environmental persistence is significant because 1,2,3-Trichloropropane degrades slowly in soil and groundwater.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane can migrate considerable distances in subsurface environments, making environmental contamination difficult to remediate.
These characteristics have resulted in increasing regulatory restrictions worldwide.

CHARACTERISTICS of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon
Dense, heavy liquid
Characteristic chloroform-like odor
High chemical stability
Slightly soluble in water
Soluble in many organic solvents
Moderate vapor pressure
Low biodegradability
Persistent in groundwater
Industrial chemical intermediate
Former industrial solvent
Requires controlled handling due to toxicity
Long environmental persistence
Good solvent capability for hydrophobic substances

PRODUCTION of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
1,2,3-Trichloropropane is produced by the addition of chlorine to allyl chloride.
1,2,3-Trichloropropane also may be produced as a by-product also is produced in significant quantities as an unwanted by-product of the production of other chlorinated compounds such as epichlorohydrin and dichloropropene.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
Appearance: Colorless to pale straw-colored liquid
Odor: Characteristic chloroform-like, sweet yet pungent odor
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature
Molecular Formula: C₃H₅Cl₃
Molecular Weight: 147.43 g/mol
Density: Approximately 1.39 g/cm³ (20°C)
Melting Point: Approximately −15°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 156–157°C
Flash Point: Approximately 73°C (closed cup)

Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 304°C
Vapor Pressure: Low to moderate at room temperature
Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Relative Density: Approximately 1.39
Refractive Index: Approximately 1.478
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble (about 1.7–2 g/L at room temperature)
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, benzene and many organic solvents
Log Kow: Approximately 2
Partition Behavior: Moderately lipophilic
Evaporation Rate: Moderate
Surface Tension: Moderate

Viscosity: Low
Dielectric Constant: Moderate
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Chemical Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases under certain conditions
Flammability: Combustible liquid under elevated temperatures
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene (under severe fire conditions), carbon oxides and other chlorinated decomposition products
Corrosivity: Not generally corrosive to metals under normal conditions
Biodegradability: Low; persistent in soil and groundwater
Environmental Mobility: Can migrate through soil into groundwater due to relatively low sorption
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low to moderate

Chemical Name: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Common Name: TCP
CAS Number: 96-18-4
EC Number: 202-486-1
Molecular Formula: C₃H₅Cl₃
Molecular Weight: 147.43 g/mol
Chemical formula: C₃H₅Cl₃
Molar mass: 147.43 g
Appearance: colorless or straw yellow transparent liquid

Odor: chloroform-like
Density: 1.387g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 156.85 °C (314.33 °F; 430.00 K)
Solubility in water: 1,750 mg/L
log P: 2.27
Vapor pressure: 3 mmHg (20°C)
Henry's law
constant (kH): 4.087 x 10−4
Molecular Weight: 147.43 g/mol

XLogP3: 1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 145.945683 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 145.945683 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Linear Formula: CH2ClCHClCH2Cl
CAS Number: 96-18-4
Molecular Weight: 147.43
NACRES: NA.22
PubChem Substance ID: 24846961

eCl@ss: 39050132
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
EC Number: 202-486-1
MDL number: MFCD00000946
Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 1732068
Assay: 99%
Form: liquid
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: pungent
Melting point/freezing point: -14,0 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Upper explosion limit: 12,6 %(V), Lower explosion limit: 3,2 %(V)
Flash point: 74 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available, Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,387 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C3H5Cl3 = 147.42
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid

Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN: 96-18-4
Reaxys Registry Number: 1732068
PubChem Substance ID: 87576351
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 92
MDL Number: MFCD00000946
Appearance (Color): Clear colorless to pale yellow
Refractive Index: 1.4825-1.4865 @ 20°C
Assay (GC): ≥98.0%
Form: Liquid

FIRST AID MEASURES of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available