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1,2-Diaminoethane is a small organic compound with the formula C₂H₈N₂ consisting of two primary amine groups attached to a two-carbon chain.
1,2-Diaminoethane's two reactive amine groups make it an important intermediate in the production of chelating agents, resins, pharmaceuticals, rubber accelerators, and corrosion inhibitors.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor that is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
CAS Number: 107-15-3
EC Number: 203-468-6
Molecular Formula: C2H8N2
Molar Mass: 60.10 g/mol
Synonyms: 391624-46-7, MONO-FMOC ETHYLENE DIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, 166410-32-8, (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (2-aminoethyl)carbamate hydrochloride, N-Fmoc-ethylenediamine hydrochloride, Fmoc-EDA.HCl, Mono-fmoc ethylene diamine, HCl, (9H-FLUOREN-9-YL)METHYL N-(2-AMINOETHYL)CARBAMATE HYDROCHLORIDE, MFCD00830741, 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate, hydrochloride, (9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methyl 2-aminoethylcarbamate hydrochloride, 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate Hydrochloride, N-1-Fmoc-1,2-diaminoethane . HCl, Fmoc-EDA HCl, N-Fmoc-ethylenediamine HCl, C17H18N2O2.HCl, SCHEMBL966018, Fmoc-NH-(CH2)2-NH2.HCl, DTXSID10937196, AKOS015901130, FS-5255, SY059472, DB-043650, DB-119935, CS-0128625, W12365, EN300-6759619, mono-Fmoc ethylene diamine hydrochloride, AldrichCPR, (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl(2-aminoethyl)carbamatehydrochloride, 9H-9-fluorenylmethyl N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate hydrochloride, N-(9-FLUORENYLMETHYLOXYCARBONYL)-ETHYLENEDIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, (9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methyl hydrogen (2-aminoethyl)carbonimidate--hydrogen chloride (1/1), EthylenediaMine purified by redistillation, >=99.5%, Ethylendiaminum, EthylenediaMine, 99+%, AcroSeal, ETHYLENEDIAMINE FOR SYNTHESIS, EDA EthylenediaMine a, amerstat274, beta-Aminoethylamine, caswellno437
1,2-Diaminoethane is a small organic compound with the formula C₂H₈N₂ consisting of two primary amine groups attached to a two-carbon chain.
1,2-Diaminoethane appears as a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor and is highly soluble in water and many polar solvents.
With a boiling point near 116–118 °C and a density of about 0.90 g/cm³, 1,2-Diaminoethane is a volatile, strongly basic liquid that readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.
1,2-Diaminoethane's two reactive amine groups make it an important intermediate in the production of chelating agents (such as EDTA), resins, pharmaceuticals, rubber accelerators, and corrosion inhibitors.
While widely used in industry, 1,2-Diaminoethane can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, requiring careful handling under well-ventilated conditions.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a clear and colorless product at normal temperature and pressure which has a characteristic smell of an amine.
1,2-Diaminoethane is strongly alkaline and is miscible with water and alcohol.
1,2-Diaminoethane is air sensitive and hygroscopic and absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.
1,2-Diaminoethane is incompatible with aldehydes, phosphorus halides, organic halides, oxidising agents, strong acids, copper, its alloys, and its salts.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in numerous industrial proces ses as a solvent for casein or albumin, as a stabilizer in rubber latex and as a textile lubricant.
1,2-Diaminoethane can be found in epoxy-resin hardeners, cooling oils, fungicides, and waxes. Contact dermatitis from 1,2-Diaminoethane is almost exclusively due to topical medicaments.
Occupational contact dermatitis in epoxy-resin systems is rather infrequent. 1,2-Diaminoethane can cross react with triethylenetetramine and diethylenetriamine.
1,2-Diaminoethane was responsible for sensitization in pharmacists handling aminophylline suppositories, in nurses preparing and administering injectable theophylline, and in a laboratory technician in the manufacture of aminophylline tab lets.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a linear aliphatic diamine, widely used as a building block in organic synthesis.
1,2-Diaminoethane readily forms heterocyclic imidazolidine derivatives, because of its bifunctional nature, having two amines.
1,2-Diaminoethane is also utilized as a raw material for the synthesis of chelating agents, polymers, agrochemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
1,2-Diaminoethane is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C₂H₈N₂, characterized by its two amine (-NH₂) groups attached to a two-carbon ethylene (-CH₂CH₂-) chain.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a colorless liquid at room temperature and possesses a strong ammonia-like odor, which can be quite pungent.
As a diamine, 1,2-Diaminoethane is a member of the aliphatic amine family and is highly reactive due to its two primary amine groups, making it a versatile compound in a wide range of chemical reactions and industrial applications.
1,2-Diaminoethane is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents, forming hydrogen bonds readily due to its amine groups.
1,2-Diaminoethane's chemical structure allows it to act as both a nucleophile and a ligand, enabling it to participate in complexation with metal ions and in various substitution reactions.
In industrial processes, 1,2-Diaminoethane is often utilized as a building block for synthesizing other compounds, particularly in the production of polymers, resins, and specialty chemicals.
1,2-Diaminoethane is also known for its role in the synthesis of chelating agents like 1,2-Diaminoethanetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a widely used agent for binding metal ions in various applications, including water treatment and analytical chemistry.
Additionally, 1,2-Diaminoethane serves as a critical intermediate in manufacturing emulsifiers, detergents, and pharmaceutical products, showcasing its broad applicability across diverse sectors.
1,2-Diaminoethane can be synthesized from ethanolamine (EA) with ammonia over acidic types of zeolite catalyst.
The key of this synthesis is to improve the selectivity of reaction product and the application of advanced separation methods to obtain high product purity.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used as a building block for the synthesis of bleach activators, chelates and crop protection products.
Furthermore, 1,2-Diaminoethane is used as an intermediate in applications like corrosion inhibitors, polyamide resins and lubricants/fuel additives.
Chain extender in the production of poyurethane resin for the water PU Dispersion (PUD).
Products derived from 1,2-Diaminoethane are frequently used for bleach activators and chelates in detergents and for fungicides in crop protection area.
Polyamide resins find wide use as binders in printing inks for flexogravure application on certain paper, film, and foil webs and in hot-melt, pressure-sensitive, and heat-seal adhesives for leather, paper, plastic, and metal.
The main polyamide resin type, in addition to the liquid resins used as epoxy hardeners, is prepared generally by the condensation reaction of diamines with di- and polybasic fatty acids.
Thermoplastic polyamides are similarly used in formulating glossy, abrasion-resistant, overprint varnishes.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a strongly basic amine with an ammonia-like odour.
The most prominent derivative of 1,2-Diaminoethane is 1,2-Diaminoethane, a chelating agent.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in the production of the bleaching activator tetraacetyl1,2-Diaminoethane (TEAD), in electroplating baths, in the production of polyurethane fibres, and polyols and rubber chemicals.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used mainly as a building block for crop protection products, in the synthesis of chelating agents and for low-temperature-active bleaching agents.
The other applications of 1,2-Diaminoethane include polyamides, lubricants, fuel additives and textiles.
1,2-Diaminoethane is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2.
This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a basic amine.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000 tonnes produced in 1998.
1,2-Diaminoethane is the first member of the so-called polyethylene amines.
1,2-Diaminoethane is produced industrially by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia under pressure at 180 °C in an aqueous medium.
In this reaction hydrogen chloride is generated, which forms a salt with the amine.
The amine is liberated by addition of sodium hydroxide and can then be recovered by fractional distillation.
1,2-Diaminoethane and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are formed as by-products.
1,2-Diaminoethane, because it contains two amine groups, is a widely used precursor to various polymers. Condensates derived from formaldehyde are plasticizers.
1,2-Diaminoethane is widely used in the production of polyurethane fibers.
The PAMAM class of dendrimers are derived from 1,2-Diaminoethane.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a well-known bidentate chelating ligand for coordination compounds, with the two nitrogen atoms donating their lone pairs of electrons when 1,2-Diaminoethane acts as a ligand.
1,2-Diaminoethane is often abbreviated "en" in inorganic chemistry.
The complex [Co(en)3]3+ is a well studied example.
Schiff base ligands easily form from 1,2-Diaminoethane. For example, the diamine condenses with 4-Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde to give to the diimine.
The salen ligands, some of which are used in catalysis, are derived from the condensation of salicylaldehydes and 1,2-Diaminoethane.
1,2-Diaminoethane is the lowest molecular weight ethyleneamine.
1,2-Diaminoethane contains two primary nitrogens.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a single-component product that is clear and colorless, with an ammonia-like odor.
However, 1,2-Diaminoethane is a highly reactive and volatile substance, requiring careful handling and storage to mitigate potential hazards.
1,2-Diaminoethane's reactivity and strong alkaline nature make it corrosive to skin and eyes, and it can also irritate the respiratory system when inhaled.
Moreover, 1,2-Diaminoethane can form explosive mixtures with air under certain conditions, necessitating strict safety measures to prevent accidents during its use and transportation.
One of the defining properties of 1,2-Diaminoethane is its ability to participate in hydrogen bonding, which contributes to its exceptional solubility in water and many organic solvents.
This high solubility and reactivity make 1,2-Diaminoethane a critical reagent in a variety of chemical transformations, especially those involving condensation, alkylation, and polymerization reactions.
The presence of two amine groups also allows 1,2-Diaminoethane to act as a bidentate ligand, enabling its use in forming stable coordination complexes with metal ions.
This property underpins 1,2-Diaminoethane's use in applications ranging from catalysis to water purification.
1,2-Diaminoethane is prominently used in the production of 1,2-Diaminoethanetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a powerful chelating agent that binds to metal ions with high affinity.
1,2-Diaminoethane plays an essential role in various fields, including medicine, where it is used to treat heavy metal poisoning, and in industrial water treatment, where it prevents the buildup of scale and corrosion in pipes.
Beyond chelation, 1,2-Diaminoethane is a precursor in manufacturing polyamides, epoxy curing agents, and textile additives, all of which rely on its bifunctional amine groups for crosslinking and structural modifications.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 1,2-Diaminoethane serves as a raw material for synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), where its reactive amine groups facilitate the introduction of functional groups into complex molecules.
Similarly, in the agrochemical sector, 1,2-Diaminoethane is used to produce fungicides, herbicides, and other crop protection chemicals.
1,2-Diaminoethane's versatility extends to the personal care and cosmetics industry, where derivatives of 1,2-Diaminoethane are employed in hair conditioners and other formulations to enhance product performance.
Despite its wide-ranging uses, 1,2-Diaminoethane is classified as a hazardous substance due to its potential risks to human health and safety.
1,2-Diaminoethane is highly corrosive and can cause severe skin burns and eye damage upon direct contact.
Inhalation of 1,2-Diaminoethane vapors can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, throat discomfort, and, in severe cases, respiratory distress.
Prolonged or repeated exposure can result in sensitization, causing allergic reactions in susceptible individuals even at low concentrations.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a small organic compound that serves as a fundamental building block in the chemical industry, with the molecular structure H₂N-CH₂-CH₂-NH₂, reflecting its two primary amine groups attached to an ethylene backbone.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a clear, colorless liquid at ambient conditions, although it emits a strong, distinctive ammonia-like odor that can be irritating.
This pungent smell is a characteristic of amines, particularly those with a low molecular weight like 1,2-Diaminoethane.
Due to its highly reactive nature and versatile amine functionality, 1,2-Diaminoethane is extensively utilized in both industrial and scientific contexts.
1,2-Diaminoethane is important in inorganic chemistry because it may function as a bidentantate ligand, coordinating to a metal ion by the lone pairs on the two nitrogen atoms.
1,2-Diaminoethane highly reactive with many compounds.
Readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to give crusty solid deposits.
1,2-Diaminoethane reacts violently with ethylene chlorohydrin.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used as an intermediate; as a urine acidifier; as a solvent; an emulsifier for casein and shellac solutions; a stabilizer in rubber late.
A chemical intermediate in the manufacture of dyes; corrosion inhibitors; synthetic waxes; fungicides, resins, insecticides, asphalt wetting agents; and pharmaceuticals.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a degradation product of the agricultural fungicide Maneb.
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Market Overview of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
The global 1,2-Diaminoethane market is experiencing steady expansion as industries increasingly rely on this versatile diamine for a wide range of applications.
In 2023, the market size was estimated at approximately USD 2.3 to 2.4 billion, with forecasts indicating growth to nearly USD 4 billion by 2032–2035, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 4.5–6.5%.
From a volume perspective, production stood at nearly 700 thousand tonnes in 2024 and is expected to almost double by 2035, underscoring robust demand growth across multiple sectors.
1,2-Diaminoethane plays a crucial role as a building block in the manufacture of chelating agents (notably EDTA), which are widely used in water treatment and cleaning products, as well as in agrochemicals, epoxy resins, pharmaceuticals, fuel additives, and corrosion inhibitors.
1,2-Diaminoethane's bifunctional amine structure provides high reactivity, making it indispensable in both bulk and specialty chemical processes.
The Asia-Pacific region dominates the global 1,2-Diaminoethane market, driven by rapid industrialization in countries such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea, where strong growth in construction, textiles, agriculture, and electronics fuels demand.
This region benefits from cost-effective production, a large customer base, and rising investments in chemical manufacturing.
North America and Europe, while more mature markets, maintain significant demand due to their established pharmaceutical, coatings, and water treatment industries.
Meanwhile, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are emerging as smaller but promising regions, with expanding agricultural and industrial sectors expected to gradually boost 1,2-Diaminoethane consumption.
Several growth drivers sustain the market outlook.
The increasing demand for resins, coatings, and adhesives in construction and automotive industries, coupled with the rise of sustainability initiatives in water treatment and environmental protection, ensures steady consumption of 1,2-Diaminoethane-based products.
Additionally, the global push for efficient agriculture is driving the use of 1,2-Diaminoethane in the formulation of pesticides and fertilizers.
However, the market is not without challenges: health and safety concerns due to the compound’s corrosive and toxic nature necessitate strict handling regulations, which can elevate compliance costs.
Moreover, the search for bio-based and environmentally safer alternatives may exert competitive pressure in the long term, especially in industries where sustainability is a key purchasing criterion.
Looking ahead, the 1,2-Diaminoethane industry outlook is positive but will demand adaptation.
Producers are expected to continue investing in Asia-Pacific production facilities, adopt safer technologies, and explore bio-derived or greener alternatives to maintain competitiveness.
Market leaders including Dow, BASF, Huntsman, Nouryon, and Tosoh are actively pursuing capacity expansions and innovations to serve high-growth segments.
Overall, with strong demand from both traditional and emerging applications, combined with the global focus on sustainability and infrastructure development, the 1,2-Diaminoethane market is poised to remain a critical part of the chemical industry’s value chain well into the 2030s.
Uses of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
1,2-Diaminoethane is used as a stabilizerfor rubber latex, as an emulsifier, as aninhibitor in antifreeze solutions, and intextile lubricants.
1,2-Diaminoethane is also used as a solvent for albumin, shellac, sulfur, and othersubstances.
With the two nitrogen atoms, which can donate their lone pairs of electrons, 1,2-Diaminoethane is widely used as a chelating ligand for coordination chemistry to form bonds to a transition-metal ion such as nickel (II).
The bonds form between the metal ion and the nitrogen atoms of 1,2-Diaminoethane.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a derivate of 1,2-Diaminoethane and it is a versatile chelating agent, which could form chelates with both transition-metal ions and main-group ions.
1,2-Diaminoethane is mainly used to synthesize 1,2-Diaminoethanetetraacetic acid.
1,2-Diaminoethane is frequently used in soaps and detergents to form complexes with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water to improve the cleaning efficiency.
Furthermore, 1,2-Diaminoethane is used extensively as a stabilizing agent in the food industry to promote color retention, to improve flavor retention, and to inhibit rancidity.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used to facilitate the dissolution of theophylline.
This combination is known as aminophylline and used to treat and prevent wheezing and trouble breathing caused by ongoing lung disease (e.g. asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis).
1,2-Diaminoethane is evidenced that there is no molecular association between theophylline and 1,2-Diaminoethane in biological media.
The bioavailability of 1,2-Diaminoethane is approximately 34% and of theophylline is about 88%.5
1,2-Diaminoethane is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of tetraacetyl 1,2-Diaminoethane (TAED), a bleaching activator, which is used in detergents and additives for laundry washing and dishwashing.
The amount of TAED used in household cleaning products in Europe was estimated to be 61,000 t in 2001.
1,2-Diaminoethane is in the manufacture of organic flocculants, urea resins, and fatty bisamides.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in the production of formulations for use in the printed circuit board and metal finishing industries.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used as intermediate in the production of crop protection agents, hardeners for epoxy resins, leather industry, paint industry, fungicides in crop protection area, and textile industry.
1,2-Diaminoethane is also used as solvent and for the analytical chemistry.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used to produce photographic fixer additive
Intermediate in the manufacture of 1,2-Diaminoethane; catalytic agent in epoxy resins; dyes, solvent stabilizer; neutralizer in rubber products 1,2-Diaminoethane functions as a reactive intermediate in the synthesis of carbamate fungicides and in the preparation of dyes, synthetic waxes, resins, insecticides and asphalt wetting agents.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a solvent for casein, albumin, shellac, and sulfur; an emulsifier; a stabilizer for rubber latex; an inhibitor in antifreeze solutions; and a pharmaceutic aid (aminophylline injection stabilizer).
1,2-Diaminoethane is also an important ingredient in hair-settings, cold wave lotions, and nail polish.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in numerous industrial processes as a solvent for casein or albumin, as a stabilizer in rubber latex, and as a textile lubricant.
1,2-Diaminoethane can be found in epoxy resin hardeners, cooling oils, fungicides, and waxes.
1,2-Diaminoethane can crossreact with triethylenetetramine and diethylenetriamine.
1,2-Diaminoethane was found to be responsible for sensitization in pharmacists handling aminophylline suppositories, in nurses preparing and administering injectable theophylline, and in a laboratory technician in the manufacture of aminophylline tablets
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in large quantities for production of many industrial chemicals.
1,2-Diaminoethane forms derivatives with carboxylic acids (including fatty acids), nitriles, alcohols (at elevated temperatures), alkylating agents, carbon disulfide, and aldehydes and ketones.
Because of 1,2-Diaminoethane's bifunctional nature, having two amino groups, it readily forms heterocycles such as imidazolidines.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and water treatment chemicals.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, health services and scientific research and development.
1,2-Diaminoethane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids and polymers.
1,2-Diaminoethane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
1,2-Diaminoethane is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
1,2-Diaminoethane is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
1,2-Diaminoethane is a highly versatile chemical with a wide range of applications across various industries due to its dual amine groups, which make it an essential building block for numerous products.
One of 1,2-Diaminoethane's most prominent uses is in the production of 1,2-Diaminoethanetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a powerful chelating agent that binds to metal ions.
1,2-Diaminoethane has extensive applications in water treatment systems to prevent scale formation and corrosion in pipes, in the medical field for chelation therapy to treat heavy metal poisoning, and in food preservation to maintain product quality by binding trace metals.
1,2-Diaminoethane is also a critical component in the manufacture of epoxy curing agents, which are vital for producing high-performance coatings, adhesives, and composites.
These materials are used in industries ranging from aerospace and automotive to construction, where durability and strength are paramount.
The reactivity of 1,2-Diaminoethane allows it to crosslink with epoxy resins, creating a robust and chemically resistant network that enhances the performance of these materials in demanding environments.
In the polymer industry, 1,2-Diaminoethane serves as a precursor for synthesizing polyamides, including nylon and other specialty plastics.
These polymers are used in the production of textiles, packaging materials, and engineering plastics due to their excellent mechanical properties and resistance to wear and chemicals.
Furthermore, 1,2-Diaminoethane is used to create synthetic lubricants and fuel additives that improve engine performance by reducing friction and preventing the buildup of deposits.
The pharmaceutical industry leverages 1,2-Diaminoethane in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and as an intermediate in the production of antihistamines, sedatives, and other therapeutic agents.
1,2-Diaminoethane's amine groups facilitate the introduction of functional groups into complex organic molecules, enabling the development of drugs with specific biological activities.
Additionally, 1,2-Diaminoethane derivatives are used in agrochemical formulations, such as fungicides, herbicides, and pesticides, which enhance crop yield and protect against pests and diseases.
In personal care products, 1,2-Diaminoethane derivatives are utilized in formulations like hair conditioners and skin care products to improve texture, enhance stability, and optimize performance.
In textile processing, 1,2-Diaminoethane is used as a textile finishing agent to impart wrinkle resistance and improve dye fixation, ensuring vibrant and durable fabrics.
Moreover, 1,2-Diaminoethane's role as a dispersant and emulsifier in detergents and cleaning agents ensures effective removal of dirt and grease in household and industrial cleaning applications.
1,2-Diaminoethane is also an essential raw material in the chemical synthesis of surfactants and corrosion inhibitors.
These substances are critical in oilfield applications, such as drilling and pipeline maintenance, where they prevent equipment damage and enhance efficiency.
In addition, 1,2-Diaminoethane is employed in producing chemical intermediates for rubber processing, adhesives, and sealants, demonstrating its versatility and indispensability in industrial processes.
Chelating Agents:
Industries use 1,2-Diaminoethane to produce 1,2-Diaminoethanetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
Manufacturers use 1,2-Diaminoethane to remove and stabilize metal ions in cleaning and textile processing.
Agrochemicals:
Agrochemical companies use 1,2-Diaminoethane to synthesize fungicides, pesticides, and herbicides.
Fertilizer producers use 1,2-Diaminoethane to enhance nutrient availability by forming metal complexes.
Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare:
Pharmaceutical companies use 1,2-Diaminoethane as an intermediate for antihistamines and anesthetics.
Doctors use 1,2-Diaminoethane's derivatives in chelation therapy to remove heavy metals from the body.
Polymers, Resins & Coatings:
Manufacturers use 1,2-Diaminoethane as a curing agent in epoxy resins.
The chemical industry uses 1,2-Diaminoethane in polyamide resins for adhesives, coatings, and inks.
Industrial Applications:
Engineers use 1,2-Diaminoethane as a corrosion inhibitor in boilers and pipelines.
Fuel companies use 1,2-Diaminoethane in lubricants and additives to prevent oxidation.
The rubber industry uses 1,2-Diaminoethane to produce vulcanization accelerators.
Consumer Products:
Cleaning product manufacturers use 1,2-Diaminoethane derivatives in detergents.
Cosmetic companies use 1,2-Diaminoethane's derivatives in shampoos and skincare formulations.
Specialty Chemicals:
The textile industry uses 1,2-Diaminoethane in dye fixing and fabric finishing.
The paper industry uses 1,2-Diaminoethane as a stabilizer and processing aid.
Benefits of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Versatility:
Industries benefit from 1,2-Diaminoethane because it serves as a precursor for many chemicals.
Manufacturers benefit from 1,2-Diaminoethane's ability to participate in diverse reactions due to two amine groups.
Chelation Efficiency:
Water treatment companies benefit from 1,2-Diaminoethane because it enables efficient metal ion binding.
Cleaning product manufacturers benefit from improved washing performance through EDTA derived from 1,2-Diaminoethane.
Industrial Performance:
Coating producers benefit from stronger and more durable epoxy resins cured with 1,2-Diaminoethane.
Fuel companies benefit from improved oxidation stability when they use it in fuel additives.
Agricultural Support:
Farmers benefit from higher crop yields because 1,2-Diaminoethane-based agrochemicals protect plants from pests.
Fertilizer producers benefit from enhanced micronutrient delivery by using 1,2-Diaminoethane complexes.
Pharmaceutical Value:
Pharmaceutical companies benefit from 1,2-Diaminoethane as a key intermediate in drug synthesis.
Healthcare providers benefit from 1,2-Diaminoethane derivatives because they support chelation therapies.
Economic Advantage:
Chemical industries benefit from cost efficiency because 1,2-Diaminoethane is widely available and relatively inexpensive.
Global markets benefit from 1,2-Diaminoethane's stable demand across multiple sectors.
Production of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
1,2-Diaminoethane is mainly produced by the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with excess ammonia under pressure, a process that generates 1,2-Diaminoethane as the primary product together with other ethyleneamines such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine.
Chemical companies use aqueous systems and controlled reaction conditions to maximize yield, while engineers employ distillation to separate and purify 1,2-Diaminoethane for commercial use.
Although this method dominates industrial production, researchers also investigate alternative routes such as the reductive amination of aminoacetonitrile and catalytic processes to improve selectivity and efficiency.
Today, large-scale plants in the United States, Europe, and Asia ensure a stable global supply of 1,2-Diaminoethane, making it readily available for applications across the chemical, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and materials industries.
Synthesis of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Chemists typically synthesize 1,2-Diaminoethane by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with excess ammonia under high pressure and elevated temperature, producing 1,2-Diaminoethane as the main product along with higher ethyleneamines such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine.
Researchers also explore reductive amination routes, for example starting from aminoacetonitrile, using catalysts such as nickel, cobalt, or copper to improve selectivity and efficiency.
In industrial practice, chemical plants manage byproducts carefully, separating useful derivatives and recycling them into other chemical processes.
To obtain commercial-grade material, producers employ fractional distillation to purify crude 1,2-Diaminoethane, ensuring the high quality required for applications in pharmaceuticals, resins, agrochemicals, and water treatment industries.
History of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
The history of 1,2-Diaminoethane dates back to the mid-19th century, when chemists first prepared it in laboratory settings through reactions involving ethylene halides and ammonia.
1,2-Diaminoethane's industrial importance grew in the early 20th century as researchers discovered its value as a versatile building block for chelating agents, resins, and pharmaceuticals.
By the 1930s and 1940s, large-scale production methods were developed, particularly the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia, which remains the dominant process today.
During the post-war industrial boom, demand expanded rapidly with the growth of the chemical, agricultural, and polymer industries.
Over time, 1,2-Diaminoethane became a foundation for producing EDTA, fungicides, fuel additives, and epoxy resin curing agents, securing its role as a key intermediate in modern chemistry.
Today, 1,2-Diaminoethane's long history of use reflects the evolution of the chemical industry itself, from small laboratory synthesis to global-scale production with widespread applications across multiple sectors.
Handling and Storage of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Handling:
Handle only in well-ventilated areas or under a chemical fume hood.
Avoid breathing vapors or mist and prevent contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using this material.
Use closed systems or local exhaust ventilation to minimize exposure.
Ground and bond containers during transfer to reduce the risk of static discharge.
Storage:
Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers (stainless steel, lined steel, HDPE).
Keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place away from heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials.
Protect from direct sunlight, air, and moisture.
Recommended storage temperature: ambient to ≤25 °C.
Segregate from acids, oxidizers, and reactive halogenated compounds.
Stability and Reactivity of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Stability:
Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions.
Reactivity:
Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers (e.g., nitric acid, peroxides) and acids, producing heat and hazardous gases.
May corrode copper, zinc, and galvanized surfaces.
Decomposition Products:
Thermal decomposition may generate nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), ammonia, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
Incompatibilities:
Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, and carbon dioxide (forms carbamates).
First Aid Measures of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
If breathing difficulties persist, administer oxygen and seek medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical advice if redness, irritation, or burns occur.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek urgent medical care.
Firefighting Measures of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Water spray may be used to cool containers but is less effective in extinguishing fires.
Specific Hazards:
Vapors are flammable and may form explosive mixtures with air.
Fire and thermal decomposition can release toxic fumes including NOₓ, CO, and CO₂.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Apply water spray to cool unopened or exposed containers.
Accidental Release Measures of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Personal Precautions:
Evacuate unnecessary personnel.
Provide adequate ventilation.
Eliminate all ignition sources.
Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection.
Containment:
Stop the leak if it is safe to do so.
Prevent release into sewers, soil, and waterways.
Use non-sparking tools and explosion-proof equipment.
Cleanup Methods:
Absorb spilled material with inert absorbents (vermiculite, sand, earth).
Collect into suitable, labeled containers for disposal.
Wash contaminated surfaces with water and detergent.
Dispose of waste in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation or chemical fume hoods to maintain airborne concentrations below recommended limits.
Ensure emergency eyewash stations and safety showers are available.
Occupational Exposure Limits:
No specific OSHA PEL established for 1,2-Diaminoethane.
Follow general amine exposure guidelines (e.g., TWA ~10 ppm [25 mg/m³] where applicable).
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Respiratory Protection:
Use NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirators if ventilation is inadequate.
For high concentrations, use supplied-air or self-contained breathing apparatus.
Eye Protection:
Wear chemical safety goggles with side shields or a full face shield.
Skin Protection:
Use chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene, butyl rubber) and protective clothing such as aprons, coveralls, and boots.
General Hygiene:
Wash hands, face, and exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Do not carry contaminated clothing home.
Identifiers of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
CAS Number: 107-15-3
EC Number (EINECS): 203-468-6
UN Number (Transport): UN 1604
RTECS Number: KH8575000
Molecular Formula: C₂H₈N₂
Molar Mass: 60.10 g/mol
Structure: H₂N–CH₂–CH₂–NH₂
Chemical Name: Ethylenediamine
Synonyms: EDA, 2-Aminoethylamine
Molecular Formula: C₂H₈N₂
Molar Mass: 60.10 g/mol
EC Number: 203-468-6
CAS Number: 107-15-3
Name: Ethylenediamine
Abbreviation: EDA
Chemical Class: Aliphatic diamine (member of the ethyleneamines family)
Structure: H₂N–CH₂–CH₂–NH₂
CAS Number: 107-15-3
EC Number (EINECS): 203-468-6
UN Number (Transport): UN 1604
RTECS Number: KH8575000
PubChem CID: 3301
ChemSpider ID: 3186
Beilstein Registry Number: 605257
KEGG Compound ID: C01672
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:42395
HS Code: 29212900 (for diamines, including ethylenediamine)
REACH Registration Number (EU): 01-2119480383-37-XXXX
TSCA Inventory (US): Listed
IARC Classification: Not classified as carcinogenic
Formula: C₂H₈N₂
Molar Mass: 60.10 g/mol
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H8N2/c3-1-2-4/h1-4H2
InChI Key: PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: NCCN
Properties of 1,2-Diaminoethane:
Appearance: Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid
Odor: Strong, ammonia-like odor
Taste: Not applicable (toxic, not for ingestion)
State: Liquid at room temperature
Molecular Geometry: Linear chain with two terminal amine groups
Melting Point: 8.5–11 °C
Boiling Point: 116–118 °C (at 1 atm)
Density: 0.899 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: 10–12 mmHg at 25 °C
Relative Vapor Density (Air = 1): 2.1
Viscosity: ~1.2 mPa·s at 25 °C
Heat of Vaporization: ~41 kJ/mol
Heat Capacity (Cp): 2.23 J/g·K
Refractive Index (n²⁰): 1.454
pKa Values: pKa₁ ≈ 10.7, pKa₂ ≈ 7.6
LogP (octanol/water): -1.3 (very hydrophilic)
Flash Point: 38–40 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: ~385 °C
Explosive Limits: 2.7–14.8% (v/v in air)
Solubility in Water: Miscible in all proportions
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Miscible with alcohols, ketones, ethers; limited solubility in hydrocarbons
Melting point: 8.5 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 118 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.899 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 2.07 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.4565(lit.)
Flash point: 93 °F
storage temp.: Flammables area
solubility: ethanol: soluble(lit.)
pka: 10.712(at 0℃)
form : Liquid, Fuming In Air
Specific Gravity: 0.899
color: colorless to pale yellow
PH: 12.2 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Strong ammoniacal odor; ammonia-like mild and ammoniacal odor.
explosive limit 2-17%(V)
Water Solubility: miscible
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,3795
BRN: 605263
Henry's Law Constant: 1.69(x 10-9 atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (Westheimer and Ingraham, 1956)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (～25 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 2000 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant: 16.0（18℃）
InChIKey: PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.6 at 20℃
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Ammonia-like, strong, irritating
Molecular Formula: C₂H₈N₂
Molar Mass: 60.10 g/mol
Density: ~0.899 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Melting Point: 8.5–11 °C
Boiling Point: 116–118 °C at 1 atm
Refractive Index: n²⁰ᴰ = 1.454
Vapor Pressure: ~10 mmHg at 25 °C
Vapor Density: ~2.1 (air = 1)
Viscosity: ~1.2 mPa·s at 25 °C
pKa Values: pKa₁ ≈ 10.7, pKa₂ ≈ 7.6 (protonation of amine groups)
Flash Point: 38–40 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: ~385 °C
Explosive Limits: 2.7–14.8% (v/v in air)
