1,2-PROPANEDIOL CYCLIC CARBONATE

1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is an organic compound with the formula C4H6O3. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used as a polar, aprotic solvent.

CAS Number : 108-32-7
EC  Number : 203-572-1
Molecular Formula : C4H6O3
Molecular Weight  : 102.09 g/mol

1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is an organic compound with the formula C4H6O3. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol.
This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a polar, aprotic solvent.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is chiral, but is used as the racemic mixture in most contexts.

Preparation of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Although many organic carbonates are produced using phosgene, propylene and ethylene carbonates are exceptions. 
They are mainly prepared by the carbonation of the epoxides (epoxypropane, or propylene oxide here):

CH3CHCH2O + CO2 → CH3C2H3O2CO

The process is particularly attractive since the production of these epoxides consumes carbon dioxide. 
Thus this reaction is a good example of a green process. 
The corresponding reaction of 1,2-propanediol with phosgene is complex, yielding not only 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate but also oligomeric products.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can also be synthesized from urea and propylene glycol over zinc acetate.

Applications of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
As a solvent
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used as a polar, aprotic solvent.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate has a high molecular dipole moment (4.9 D), considerably higher than those of acetone (2.91 D) and ethyl acetate (1.78 D).
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is possible, for example, to obtain potassium, sodium, and other alkali metals by electrolysis of their chlorides and other salts dissolved in 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate.

Electrolyte
Due to its high relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of 64, 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is frequently used as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries, usually together with a low-viscosity solvent (e.g. dimethoxyethane). 
Its high polarity allows it to create an effective solvation shell around lithium ions, thereby creating a conductive electrolyte. 
However, 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is not used in lithium-ion batteries due to its destructive effect on graphite.

1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can also be found in some adhesives, paint strippers, and in cosmetics.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is also used as plasticizer. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is also used as a solvent for removal of CO2 from natural gas and synthesis gas where H2S is not also present. 

Other
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate product may be converted to other carbonate esters by transesterification as well (see Carbonate ester#Carbonate transesterification).
In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, propylene carbonate is doped into low surface tension solutions to increase analyte charging.
In Grignard reaction 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate (or most other carbonate esters) might be used to create tertiary alcohols.

Use and Manufacturing of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Used for carbon dioxide recovery and solvent extraction; Also used in lithium batteries, as a plasticizer, in natural gas purification, and as a synthetic fiber spinning solvent; [HSDB] Used as a solvent in surface coatings, paint removers, cosmetics, personal care products, cleaners, degreasers, dyes, fibers, plastics, wood-binder resins, and photochromic solutions; Also used as a solvent to bake enamels, a reactive diluent for urethanes and epoxy resins, a dispersant for lubricants and greases, a binder for foundry sand and moulds, a cleaner in electronics, and as a water scavenger

Industry Uses of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate

Cleaning agent
Conductive agent
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Polymerization promoter
Process regulators
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate

Conductive agent
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Process regulators
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Viscosity adjustors

Household Products of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate

Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
Information on 100 consumer products that contain Propylene carbonate in the following categories is provided:

• Commercial / Institutional
• Home Maintenance
• Inside the Home
• Personal Care
• Pet Care

General Manufacturing Information

Industry Processing Sectors
Adhesive Manufacturing
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Machinery Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is a polar aprotic solvent used as a “green” sustainable alternative solvent for chemical transformations. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is a low toxicity, biodegradable, non-corrosive colorless liquid with a high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and EPA VOC exemption.
Due to its low vapor pressure and findings of negligible photochemical reactivity, 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is an effective substitute for more hazardous solvents such a MEK, methylene chloride, toluene, acetone, NMP, and perchloroethylene. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is also compatible with other solvents providing an efficient ingredient in co-solvent formulations. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is widely used in the manufacture of paints, adhesives, coatings, surface cleaners, degreasers, strippers, and inks formulations as well as in lithium-ion batteries, as electrolytic solvent, and in the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas.

1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate Applications
Paint & Coatings
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used as a high-boiling solvent and film-forming auxiliary, especially in poly (vinyl fluoride) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) systems. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is also more eco-efficient compared to other solvents used in wire enamel coating applications. 
As a reactive diluent, 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can reduce the viscosity of isocyanates or polyurethane pre-polymers in two-component polyurea systems.

Lithium-ion batteries and Electronics 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is another important cyclic carbonate solvent in lithium-ion batteries (LIB) electrolytes. 
Due to its high dielectric constant, 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used as a high permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries, usually together with a low-viscosity solvent. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is also an effective circuit board and electronic cleaner. 
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is rapidly used in the computer, cell phones, hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle manufacturing markets.

Cleaning, Stripping and Degreasing
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate has low toxicity and rapid biodegradability properties for solvents used in hard surface cleaning and degreasing formulations. 
Alone or combined with other solvents, 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is effective as a polyurethane and polymer/resin cleaner, for cleaning up unsaturated polyester resins and gelcoats, as an all-purpose industrial and consumer cleaner, for cleaning stereolithographic parts, and as an ink cleaner.

Substance identity

EC / List no.: 203-572-1
CAS no.: 108-32-7
Mol. formula: C4H6O3

Hazard classification & labelling of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Warning! According to the harmonised classification and labelling (CLP00) approved by the European Union, this substance causes serious eye irritation.
 
About 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used in the following products: coating products, plant protection products, cosmetics and personal care products and perfumes and fragrances.
Other release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Article service life of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release. 
Other release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)). 

1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: electrical batteries and accumulators. This substance can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), plastic used for packaging (excluding food packaging) and plastic used for articles intended for food contact (e.g. plastic dinner ware, food storage).

Widespread uses by professional workers of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, polymers and coating products.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Formulation or re-packing of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and metal surface treatment products.
Release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate is used for the manufacture of: electrical, electronic and optical equipment, chemicals, plastic products and .
Release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Manufacture of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Release to the environment of 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Synonyms:
Propylene carbonate
propylene carbonate
Propylene carbonate
(propán-1,2-diyl)-karbonát (sk)
4-metil-1,3-diossolan-2-one (it)
4-metylo-1,3-dioksolan-2-on (pl)
carbonate de propylène (fr)
carbonato de propileno (es)
carbonato de propileno (pt)
carbonato di propilene (it)
carbonato di propilene 4-metil-1,3-diossolan-2-one (it)
propilen carbonat (ro)
propilen karbonat (hr)
propilen karbonat (sl)
propilenkarbonatas (lt)
propilén-karbonát (hu)
propilēnkarbonāts (lv)
propyleencarbonaat (nl)
Propyleenikarbonaatti (fi)
propylencarbonat (da)
Propylencarbonat (de)
propylenkarbonat (no)
propylenkarbonat (sv)
propylenkarbonát (cs)
Propüleenkarbonaat (et)
węglan glikolu propylenowego (pl)
węglan propano-1,2-diylu (pl)
węglan propano-1,2-diylu 4-metylo-1,3-dioksolan-2-on węglan glikolu propylenowego (pl)
ανθρακικό προπυλένιο (el)
пропилен карбонат (bg)
(4R)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propylencarbonat
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-
1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-
2-(carboxyoxy)-1-methylethyl carbonate
4-methyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one
4-Methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2-One
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
propylen carbonate
Propylencarbonat
Propylencarbonate
PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Propylene Carbonate
Propylene carbonate
propylene carbonate
Propylene Carbonate
Propylene carbonate
propylene carbonate
Propylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediol carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-Propylene carbonate
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl- (9CI)
1-Methylethylene carbonate
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate
Cyclic methylethylene carbonate
Cyclic propylene carbonate
PC
C&L Inventory, Registration dossier
Propylencarbonat
PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Propylene Carbonate
Propylene carbonate
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
104083-03-6
108-32-7
607-194-00-1
127128-76-1
PROPYLENE CARBONATE
108-32-7
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
1,2-Propylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Texacar PC
Arconate 5000
Cyclic propylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediol carbonate
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-
Dipropylene carbonate
1-Methylethylene carbonate
4-Methyldioxalone-2
1,2-Propanediyl carbonate
Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
Cyclic methylethylene carbonate
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Carbonic acid, propylene ester
NSC 11784
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ester
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite
HSDB 6806
Carbonic acid cyclic methylethylene ester
EINECS 203-572-1
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ether
NSC-11784
UNII-8D08K3S51E
BRN 0107913
DTXSID2026789
AI3-19724
8D08K3S51E
PC-HP
Propylenecarbonate, 99%
Propylene carbonate [NF]
Propylene carbonate [USAN]
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite [Czech]
DTXCID006789
EC 203-572-1
5-19-04-00021 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Propylene carbonate (NF)
WLN: T5OVOTJ D
PROPYLENE CARBONATE (II)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [II]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE (MART.)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [MART.]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE (USP-RS)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [USP-RS]
CAS-108-32-7
4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one
butylhexanoate
MFCD00798264
MFCD00798265
Arconate HP
Solvenon PC
Jeffsol PC
propylen carbonate
MFCD00005385
Carbonate de propylne
Arconate 1000
Carbonic acid propylene
Jeffsol AG 1555
1 2-Propylene carbonate
Arconate propylenecarbonate
1,2-propanodiol carbonato
1 2-Propanediol carbonate
1 2-Propanediyl carbonate
Arconate propylene carbonate
1-carbonato de metiletileno
1,2-carbonato de propileno
Propylene carbonate, 1,2-
SCHEMBL15309
1-propanediol cyclic carbonate
2-oxo-4-metil-1,3-dioxolano
4-metil-1,3-dioxolano-2-ona
Cyclic 1 2-propylene carbonate
(S)-1,2-Propanediol carbonate
4-Methyl-1 3-dioxolan-2-one
CHEMBL1733973
2-Oxo-4-methyl-1 3-dioxolane
2-Oxo-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
4-Methyl-1 3-dioxolane-2-one
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1 3-dioxolane
1 2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,2-PDC
4-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one
NSC1913
1,2-carbonato de propanodiilimino
2-Methyl-1 2-ethylene carbonate
1,3-dioxolan-2-ona, 4-metil-
1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-methyl
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [HSDB]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [INCI]
2-metil-1,2-carbonato de etileno
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [VANDF]
NSC 1913
NSC-1913
NSC11784
Propylene carbonate (Battery grade)
Tox21_202047
Tox21_303214
BBL027518
Carbonic acid propylene ester (6CI)
STL373011
AKOS009158417
Propylene Carbonate (Industrial Grade)
SB66353
Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, 99.7%
NCGC00165974-01
NCGC00165974-02
NCGC00256995-01
NCGC00259596-01
Propylene carbonate, for HPLC, 99.7%
BP-30108
BP-31155
Carbonic acid cyclic 1 2-propylene ester
LS-51953
SY008770
SY066861
Carbonic acid cyclic propylene ester (8CI)
Propylene carbonate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CS-0076373
FT-0602265
FT-0639979
FT-0660009
FT-0674103
P0525
D05633
EN300-296359
Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, Water 50ppm Max.
Propylene carbonate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
Q415979
J-002116
Propylene carbonate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F0001-0165
Propylene carbonate, >=99%, acid <10 ppm, H2O <10 ppm
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate, 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
Propylene carbonate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
110320-40-6
1, 3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl- [ACD/Index Name]
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl- [ACD/Index Name]
108-32-7 [RN]
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-on [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-Méthyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Arconate 1000 [Trade name]
Carbonic acid cyclic 1,2-propylene ester
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ether
Cyclic propylene carbonate
Jeffsol PC [Trade name]
PC
PC-HP
Propylene carbonate [Wiki]
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
T5OVOTJ D1 [WLN]
[108-32-7] [RN]
1,2-PDC
1,2-Propanediyl carbonate
1,2-Propylene glycol carbonate
1-Methylethylene carbonate
2-Oxo-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
8D08K3S51E
Arconate 5000 [Trade name]
Arconate propylene carbonate
Carbonic acid cyclic methylethylene ester
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ester
Carbonic acid, propylene ester
Cyclic methylethylene carbonate
Dipropylene carbonate
FF9650000 [RTECS]
MFCD00005385 [MDL number]
MFCD00798264 [MDL number]
MFCD00798265 [MDL number]
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite [Czech]
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite
Solvenon PC [Trade name]
Texacar PC [Trade name]
UNII-8D08K3S51E
107913 [Beilstein] [DBID]
310328_ALDRICH [DBID]
414220_ALDRICH [DBID]
82227_FLUKA [DBID]
AI3-19724 [DBID]
BRN 0107913 [DBID]
HSDB 6806 [DBID]
NSC 11784 [DBID]
NSC11784 [DBID]
NSC1913 [DBID]
P52652_ALDRICH [DBID]
PubChem Substance ID 24891849 [DBID]
W502804_ALDRICH [DBID]