1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, also known as Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, TGIC, Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester and CAS No. 2451-62-9, is a trifunctional epoxy compound containing a heterocyclic triazine ring, used as a hardener, crosslinker, heat stabilizer and high-performance additive in powder coatings, electrostatic coatings, plastics, adhesives, insulation materials and electrical-electronic casting resins.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, also known as TGIC, provides heat resistance, weathering resistance, adhesion strength and mechanical strength thanks to its high chemical reactivity and trifunctional structure, while offering an alternative to many conventional hardeners and reactive diluents through its crosslinking and thermal stabilization performance.
Formulations containing 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate help adjust the product's cure density, flexibility, chemical resistance and hardness properties according to the target performance, thanks to its three epoxy functional groups and rigid isocyanurate ring.

The use of this TGIC and Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester based raw material in formulations may provide functional benefits such as reduced yellowing in the end product, preservation of matrix integrity, support for long-term outdoor stability and improved coating performance.
Thanks to its sym-triazine structure containing three reactive glycidyl groups at the molecular scale and its high epoxy equivalent weight, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate reacts with formulation components to regulate crosslinking, network formation and rheological properties.
Triglycidyl Isocyanurate controls polymer interactions by forming covalent bonds with carboxylic acids and polyester resins through the epoxy groups in its molecule, and contributes strength and thermal control in formulations using TGIC and Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester.

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is a functional raw material used to help reduce formulation problems such as insufficient curing, moisture- and UV-induced degradation, cracking and low chemical resistance.
Triglycidyl isocyanurate helps preserve the product's durability, surface adhesion and physical stability by reducing formulation problems such as insufficient crosslinking and incompatibility between components.
It is a functional raw material that, thanks to its trifunctional structure and reactive groups, helps keep cure speed, homogeneity and the component bond chain at the desired level in formulations.
This structure, used in TGIC-containing formulations, supports the development of products that are more durable, corrosion-resistant, easy to apply and better at retaining their physical properties throughout use for the end user.

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an effective organic raw material that can simultaneously support different functions in formulations thanks to its high epoxy reactivity, thermal stability and versatile chemical interactions.
Thanks to its wide application range and formulation flexibility, Triglycidyl Isocyanurate helps meet multiple needs such as hardness control, crosslinking, weathering resistance and stabilization, compared with alternatives that focus on only a single performance property.
TGIC, contributes to process control by supporting the crosslinking of polyester resins in electrostatic powder coating formulations, and can be used as a carrier, matrix hardener and heat resistance enhancer in electrical insulation materials.
Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester helps the formulator develop homogeneous, high-performance products, while providing practical benefits for the applicator such as better surface appearance, easy processability and more balanced curing of the product during use.

WHAT IS 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE?

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, known in Turkish as Triglisidil İzosiyanürat, is a type of epoxy hardener containing three glycidyl groups attached to a symmetrical triazine core, used in numerous industrial and formulation applications due to its high reactivity, crosslinking capacity, epoxy functionality and thermal stability. 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is also referred to by names such as TGIC, Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester, Triglycidyl Isocyanurate and 1,3,5-Triglycidylisocyanurate. Depending on the intended use and purity grade, it may be available in different commercial forms such as Crystalline TGIC, Micronized TGIC, Powder Coating Hardener or Technical Grade TGIC.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can provide different technical functions in formulations, particularly owing to its epoxy equivalent weight, melting point, reactive group density, crystal structure and synthesis method. Expressions such as TGIC Powder, Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester, Epoxy Crosslinker and Powder Coating Hardener are terms that may be encountered in technical and commercial searches. However, not all of these expressions are exact synonyms of one another in every case. For example, commercial product names such as TGIC and Araldite PT 810 may refer to forms of synthetic epoxy hardeners with different purity or modification grades.
However, not all 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate products on the market have the same physical properties or the same field of use. The product's manufacturing method, particle size, melting range, epoxy reactivity, residual chlorine content, purity grade and melt viscosity behavior can significantly change the product's performance. Therefore, it should not be assumed that different epoxy crosslinker products can be technically substituted for one another just by looking at the product name "1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate" or "TGIC".
C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆ is the basic chemical composition of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms, this structure may have chemical functionality similar to trifunctional epoxy compounds, but the thermal stability provided by the triazine ring is different. Structurally, three reactive epoxy groups are located at the ends of a nitrogen-based rigid ring. This structural feature forms the basis of the technical properties of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate such as high crosslink density and heat resistance.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated especially for purposes such as polyester curing, increasing crosslinking, providing chemical resistance, thermal stabilization, electrical insulation, adhesion improvement and corrosion prevention. Depending on the application, more specific product definitions such as TGIC Powder, Epoxy Crosslinking Agent, Powder Coating Curing Agent or Isocyanuric Ester may be used.
The performance of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate does not depend solely on its C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆ content. Epoxy equivalent weight (EEW), melting point, chlorine content, volatile matter ratio, viscosity, dispersion behavior and synthesis quality can affect the formulation outcome. Therefore, two TGIC products that appear to have the same chemical composition may not have the same cure speed, mechanical flexibility, yellowing resistance or adhesion performance.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated, depending on the quality grade, in electrostatic powder coatings, industrial coatings, electrical-electronic casting resins, solder masks, composites, adhesives, plastic stabilizers and various technical formulations. Common commercial forms include crystallized TGIC, micronized powder TGIC and modified TGIC blends.

COMMON PRODUCT and CHEMICAL NAMES

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate

Triglycidyl Isocyanurate

TGIC

Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester

1,3,5-Triglycidyl-1,3,5-triazinetRione

Triglycidyl Isocyanurate Powder

Tris(epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate

Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate

1,3,5-Triglycidylisocyanurate

Isocyanuric Acid Tris(epoxypropyl) Ester

Synthetic TGIC Crosslinker

Epoxy Curing Agent TGIC

TGIC Powder

Powder Coating Hardener TGIC

Polyester Curing Agent TGIC

Epoxy Crosslinking Agent

Triglycidyl Ester

Triglycidyl Isocyanurate Resin

Solder Mask TGIC

Electrical Grade TGIC

Industrial Grade TGIC

1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-

Tris(oxiranylmethyl) Isocyanurate

TGIC Hardener

TGIC Crosslinker

TGIC Resin

Triazine Epoxy Crosslinker

Polyester Powder Hardener

Technical Grade TGIC

High Purity TGIC

Solder Resist TGIC

Araldite PT 810 Equivalent

Some of these names indicate chemical identification, some indicate the synthesis or production method of TGIC, some the physical form, and others the field of use or quality grade. For example, Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester and Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate are used as general chemical identifiers, while TGIC refers to the industrially accepted amorphous or crystalline epoxy hardener form. TGIC Powder and Powder Coating Hardener are associated with synthetic crosslinker forms used in electrostatic paint production and baking processes. Electrical Grade TGIC, on the other hand, refers to high-purity electronic casting materials.
Users searching for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate do not only use the expression "1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate". Different product-, technical specification-, application- and supply-oriented searches such as "TGIC powder", "Triglycidyl isocyanurate CAS", "Isocyanuric acid triglycidyl ester", "TGIC hardener price", "TGIC crosslinker supplier", "Powder coating TGIC", "TGIC EINECS", "Triglycidyl isocyanurate MSDS", "TGIC epoxy curing agent", "TGIC price" and "Triglycidyl isocyanurate supplier" may also be made.
It is important that the CAS number used for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate be evaluated together with the specific purity or stereoisomeric form of the product. While CAS No 2451-62-9 and EC No 219-514-3 are listed in sources for the general Triglycidyl Isocyanurate registration, separate technical identifications may also be used for specific isomer compositions or modified TGIC forms. ECHA records include safety classifications for Triglycidyl Isocyanurate together with 2451-62-9.

CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND INCI NAME

Product name: 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate

Common chemical name: Triglycidyl Isocyanurate / TGIC

Chemical name: 1,3,5-Tris(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione

CAS No: 2451-62-9

EC / EINECS No: 219-514-3

INCI Name: TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE (Industrial/Special applications)

Molecular formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆

Molecular weight: 297.26 g/mol

Chemical class: Heterocyclic triazine / Trifunctional epoxy compound

Main functions: Crosslinker, hardener, heat stabilizer, chemical resistance enhancer, corrosion inhibitor, reactive intermediate and, depending on the application, mechanical reinforcer

The chemical composition of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆. The molecular formula of Triglycidyl Isocyanurate as C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆ and its molecular weight as 297.26 g/mol. The same source states that the compound has a rigid triazine center bearing three reactive epoxy rings.
CAS No 2451-62-9 and EC No 219-514-3 are listed in various official and technical sources for the general Triglycidyl Isocyanurate registration. In ECHA records, EC number 219-514-3 is associated with 1,3,5-Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, and different designations such as Powder Coating Hardener, Solder Mask Additive and Epoxy Crosslinker are included.
However, a single technical evaluation for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate may not be sufficient for every commercial product. TGIC may have different stereoisomeric forms such as α and β, as well as different melting point grades. Therefore, the exact chemical definition, isomer ratio and melting profile of the product should be checked at the time of purchase.
In specialty chemicals nomenclature, the compound name is used as TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE. However, modified epoxy resins and crosslinker blends may appear under different trade names. In production processes, the current specification and safety information provided by the manufacturer of the product to be purchased should be taken as the basis.
Rather than being regarded simply as an epoxy molecule, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be considered a class of crosslinker raw material with highly reactive functional groups. Therefore, even if the molecular formula is the same, the degree of reactivity, melt viscosity and purity profile can change the technical performance of the product.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an organic material with the structure C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆, consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Its main difference from monofunctional or difunctional epoxies is that it carries a heat-resistant symmetrical isocyanurate (s-triazine) ring at its center, with three epoxy groups attached to it. For this reason, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can also be defined as a Trifunctional Epoxy Hardener.
In the TGIC structure, the triazine ring forms extremely stable nitrogen-carbon bonds. The three glycidyl groups in the molecule undergo a ring-opening reaction under heat with carboxylic acid groups (e.g., carboxyl-terminated polyesters), forming high-density three-dimensional network structures (crosslinked network). This reactive structure contributes to the material showing high heat resistance, excellent chemical resistance and high scratch resistance in the cured matrix.
The epoxy rings in the structure of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can react with carboxyl, amine, anhydride and phenolic groups. This property is one of the main reasons why 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is used as a powder coating hardener, solder mask crosslinker or casting resin component.
The technical performance of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate cannot be understood from its chemical formula alone. Epoxy equivalent weight (EEW), melting range, melt viscosity, α/β isomer ratio, total chlorine ratio and crystal stability are important parameters that determine product behavior.
Although crystallized TGIC and modified/micronized TGIC have the same basic C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆ composition, they may not show the same melting and mixing performance due to different physical forms and processing temperatures. PubChem and ECHA sources describe the trifunctional epoxy reactivity of this compound in detail.

Due to its narrow melting range and high epoxy content, high-purity TGIC can be evaluated especially in outdoor-oriented polyester powder coatings, architectural aluminum coatings and high-durability stoving paints. TGIC in micronized or blend form, on the other hand, may be used for different functions in plastic and ink systems requiring specific melting and dispersion conditions.
Solder mask and electronic casting grades, in turn, may stand out as protective layers and casting materials in printed circuit boards (PCB) due to their low ionic impurity and high electrical resistance properties. In casting and insulation applications, high crosslink density supports the mechanical stability of reactive systems.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is generally found as a white or slightly yellowish crystalline powder or granule. However, it may also be offered in masterbatch or modified reactive blend forms. Physical appearance may vary depending on purity grade, crystal form and commercial grade.

General technical properties:

Physical appearance: White or off-white crystalline powder or granule

Chemical character: Trifunctional epoxy / Isocyanurate ester

Molecular formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆

Molecular weight: 297.26 g/mol

CAS No: 2451-62-9

EC / EINECS No: 219-514-3

Water solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents (acetone, DMF, THF)

Surface and melting character: Melts with heat into a low-viscosity liquid and reacts with carboxyl groups

Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW): Generally in the range of 95 – 105 g/eq

Melting point: Generally in the range of 90°C – 105°C depending on purity

Particle size: Varies according to standard powder or micronized grade

pH / Acidity: Insoluble in water; the acid number in the reactive medium is taken as the basis in strength calculations

The physical properties of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate may vary significantly depending on the purity form of the product. For example, high-purity TGIC may offer a narrow melting range, while isomer mixtures or technical grade products may show a different melting and viscosity profile. Electronic Grade TGIC, on the other hand, may show different technical behavior due to its very low ionic chlorine content.
The fact that 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is insoluble in water does not mean that it cannot be used in resin systems. Particularly in melt-mixed polyester resin systems or organic solvent-based solder mask formulations, it disperses homogeneously and reacts. Reaction quality, baking temperature, mixing homogeneity, resin acid value and catalyst content may affect the result.
The epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is one of the most important parameters in terms of technical performance. A low EEW value means more epoxy groups per gram and higher reactivity; therefore, two hardener products of the same weight may differ in cure speed or crosslink density.
These values are for general technical introduction; they should not be used as a binding specification for the product to be purchased. In particular, parameters such as EEW, melting point, chlorine content, volatile matter, color (Hazen/APHA), viscosity and purity should be checked through the supplier's current TDS and COA documents.

HOW DOES 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?

The main effect of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate in formulations occurs through its three reactive epoxy groups per molecule and the covalent bonds it forms with carboxylic acids. TGIC molecules melt under the effect of temperature and undergo a ring-opening esterification reaction with free carboxyl (-COOH) groups in polyester or acrylic resin chains.
When 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is added to a formulation, the compound is melted and dispersed homogeneously within the resin matrix. When heat is applied (baking process), the epoxy groups of TGIC link the resin chains together to form a complex three-dimensional polymer network (crosslinking).

The molecular-level functions of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate may differ depending on the application:

Forming a crosslinked network for polyester resins

Increasing cure density and matrix density

Imparting thermal stability and heat resistance

Improving hardness and scratch resistance

Supporting resistance to outdoor weathering (UV, moisture)

Increasing chemical and solvent resistance

Improving adhesion to metal surfaces

Strengthening electrical insulation properties

Forming a corrosion-inhibiting barrier

Providing a durable, non-yellowing coating matrix

The reaction capacity of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is particularly important in powder coating systems. The ester bonds formed by the three epoxy groups with carboxyl groups prevent the baked paint film from deforming under thermal and mechanical stress. This structure remains stable at high temperatures and can help prevent color and gloss loss in outdoor coatings exposed to weather conditions.
This behavior can be evaluated in architectural aluminum profiles, the automotive supply industry, garden furniture, white goods and industrial facility coating systems to create durable outdoor coatings.
The high epoxy reactivity of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is also important in many applications. In electronic solder masks, it provides high chemical resistance in UV and heat dual-cure systems while helping printed circuit boards withstand soldering temperatures.
In plastic and polymer systems, certain TGIC grades may be used as heat stabilizers or for special reactive coupling purposes. The interaction of TGIC molecules with polymer chains can affect the thermal decomposition temperature and mechanical strength of the material.
In electrical insulation systems, TGIC-based hardeners may be used to create high casting strength and a gap-free insulation structure. Performance here is closely related to melt viscosity, epoxy reactivity and chlorine impurities.
The trifunctional structure of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can also help the coating maintain its impact resistance while balancing internal stresses within the matrix. For this reason, it can be evaluated as a core hardener component in durable and flexible industrial paints.
However, it should not be assumed that 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate shows the same cure speed in every resin system. The acid value of the resin used, the stoichiometric ratio, catalyst type (e.g., quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts), baking temperature and time should be evaluated through laboratory trials.

IN WHICH INDUSTRIES IS 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE USED?

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is a multi-purpose reactive raw material used in numerous industrial sectors thanks to its high chemical reactivity and thermal stability. Its intended use may vary according to the product's purity, epoxy equivalent weight, melting range and quality grade.

Main application areas:

Electrostatic Powder Coating Industry

Architectural Aluminum and Profile Coatings

Automotive Supply Industry Coatings

Electrical and Electronics Industry (PCB Solder Masks)

Industrial Metal Paints and Stoving Systems

Adhesive and Sealant Formulations

Electrical Transformers and Casting Resins

Composite and Composite Binder Systems

Plastic and Polymer Additives (Insulation and Stabilization)

Thermosetting Powder Systems

Wheel Rim and Metallic Surface Coatings

Agricultural and Construction Equipment Paints

Solar Panel and Energy Equipment Coatings

White Goods (Major Appliances) Exterior Surface Coatings

Marine and Heavy Industry Corrosion Coatings

Different forms of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate stand out in different industries. High-purity powder TGIC may be evaluated in architectural and outdoor powder coatings, Low-Chlorine TGIC in electronics and solder mask applications, and modified TGIC systems in special adhesive and composite casting reactions.
The performance each industry expects from 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is different. For example, a powder coating manufacturer focuses on esterification reaction rate, gloss, yellowing resistance and weathering resistance, while an electronics manufacturer may prioritize ionic purity, high insulation resistance and solder shock temperature resistance. A plastics formulator, on the other hand, may evaluate melt blending, reactive coupling and thermal decomposition limits in more detail.

USE OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE IN POWDER COATINGS AND COATINGS

In electrostatic powder coating and industrial coating formulations, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated, depending on the resin system, as the main curing agent, crosslinker and coating performance-enhancing component.

Possible functions of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate in powder coating products are:

Crosslinking carboxyl-terminated polyester resins during baking

Increasing the hardness and mechanical impact resistance of the coating film

Providing non-yellowing resistance to UV rays and outdoor weather conditions

Creating excellent corrosion and chemical resistance

Maximizing adhesion to the metal surface

Supporting surface flow and film smoothness

Minimizing gas bubble formation during baking

Preserving gloss and color stability over the long term

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated especially in powder coatings for architectural aluminum coatings, facade panels, garden furniture, agricultural machinery, automotive wheels and outdoor metal goods.
The narrow melting range of high-purity TGIC ensures homogeneous mixing with the resin during the powder coating extrusion process, while contributing to the formation of a flawless film layer by melting rapidly during the baking stage. However, since its reactivity is high, it becomes important to control the extrusion temperature to prevent premature curing (pre-gelation).
Low-Chlorine TGIC, on the other hand, is one of the important epoxy forms preferred especially in electronic solder masks and sensitive coatings. In these products, the low chlorine level provides high electrical insulation and corrosion-free surface performance.
When selecting 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate for powder coating production, the chemical name, manufacturer specification, EEW value, melting point, chlorine content, volatile component ratios and suitability for the intended use should be evaluated.
The suitability of a 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate product for a particular paint resin should not be inferred solely from the name "TGIC" or "Epoxy Hardener". The current technical documents provided by the manufacturer and the relevant resin acid value calculations should be checked.

USE OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS

In appropriate purity and technical grade, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used in certain electronic and electrical applications as a solder mask (solder resist), insulation casting resin and casting hardener. In electronic applications, expressions such as Electronic Grade TGIC or Low-Chlorine TGIC may be encountered. However, in electronic use, the product's chlorine content, ionic purity and compliance with relevant technical standards should be verified separately.

Functions for which 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated in electronic and casting applications include:

Increasing solder mask resistance on printed circuit boards (PCB)

Supporting thermal shock resistance in high-temperature solder baths

Increasing electrical insulation and insulation resistance

Forming a dielectric barrier against moisture and chemicals

Building a high-density network structure that prevents cracking in casting resins

Improving adhesion to copper and substrate surfaces

The following points should be checked when purchasing 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate for the production of electronic and insulation materials:

The product being Electronic / Low Chlorine Grade

Compliance with relevant industrial directives (RoHS, REACH, etc.)

Current technical specification

Certificate of analysis (COA)

Safety data sheet (SDS)

Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW)

Total and hydrolyzable chlorine limits

Melting and solubility properties

Manufacturer and batch traceability

Compliance and analysis documents when required

It should not be assumed that a standard, non-electronic grade 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate product can be used in sensitive electronics manufacturing simply because it is identified as TGIC or CAS 2451-62-9.
Likewise, it cannot be said that a Powder Coating Grade TGIC product is automatically suitable for high-frequency electronic or special casting applications. The relevant quality standard and manufacturer documents should be checked for each application.

PLASTIC AND POLYMER APPLICATIONS OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated in certain engineering plastics, polymer blends and thermoplastic systems as a heat stabilizer, reactive coupling agent (chain extender) and mechanical property-improving auxiliary.
In polymer applications, the selection of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate requires an evaluation different from general paint use criteria. The product's melting behavior, reactive group density, thermal decomposition temperature, volatile matter content and compatibility with the polymer matrix are important.
Trigonox or reactive chain extender systems are different structures used in some polymeric applications. However, with its epoxy-based trifunctional structure, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate offers unique reactivity in resin modification.
Users searching for Polymer Grade TGIC need to check, through current manufacturer documents, whether the product actually complies with the relevant melt or reactive modification standard.
In plastic recycling and composite manufacturing applications, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated in processes for increasing molecular weight by linking free carboxyl/hydroxyl end groups, improving melt strength and imparting thermal resistance.
In such applications, melting point, epoxy content, degree of polymerization and reaction kinetics are particularly important.
The amount and processing method of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate to be used in these areas should be determined through validated processes and relevant product requirements. General powder coating recommendations should not be directly transferred to polymer extrusion or injection processes.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an important functional raw material used in numerous industrial formulations due to its high epoxy reactivity, triazine ring stabilization and crosslinking capacity.
In industrial 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate applications, the following functions may stand out:

Polyester resin crosslinking

Balance of hardness and impact resistance

Forming a corrosion barrier

UV and weathering stabilization

Heat resistance (Thermal resistance)

Chemical and solvent resistance

Surface adhesion (Adhesion)

Electrical insulation

Improving electrostatic chargeability

Esterification reaction control

Casting and impregnation strength

Metal surface protection

Recycled polymer modification

Providing high gloss and scratch resistance

In automotive exterior part paints, TGIC can help prevent coating wear caused by stone chips, road salts and ultraviolet rays by binding polyester chains into a tight matrix. It can also contribute to color stability during high-temperature baking processes.
In adhesive and sealant systems, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated in heat-cured epoxy and polyurethane-based formulations to provide thermal strength, shear strength and chemical resistance.
In the electrical insulation sector, TGIC-based casting resins are among the important insulation materials providing excellent dielectric performance, particularly in high-voltage transformers and switchgear.

The following issues should be evaluated when using 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate in industrial systems:

Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW)

Melting range and melt viscosity

Stoichiometric ratio with Resin Acid Value

Total and reactive chlorine content

Catalyst selection and amount

Extrusion and baking temperatures

Storage and humidity conditions

Personal protective measures during processing

Solvent and environmental compatibility

Formulation reactivity

Polymer or resin type

Mechanical requirements of the final coating

WHICH PROBLEMS CAN 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE HELP SOLVE?

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can help solve various formulation problems related to baking, curing, mechanical strength, corrosion, yellowing and outdoor resistance. However, its effect depends on the purity, epoxy value, resin ratio and baking regime of the TGIC used.

Premature matting and yellowing in powder coating films

Thanks to the ester bonds it forms with saturated carboxylated polyester resins, TGIC can help preserve color/gloss stability at high temperatures and under UV and reduce the tendency to yellow.
However, the use of TGIC alone does not completely prevent yellowing under every baking condition. Oven temperature, dwell time, resin quality and oven gases should be evaluated together.

Corrosion and peeling in outdoor coatings

The trifunctional structure of TGIC provides strong adhesion to metal surfaces and can form a high-density barrier that prevents moisture/salt spray from penetrating under the coating.

This property can be evaluated especially in architectural facade coatings, aluminum joinery and outdoor metal goods.

Insufficient mechanical hardness and scratch resistance

Thanks to its three epoxy groups, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can contribute to increasing scratch, impact and bending resistance by increasing the crosslink density of the polymer network.

This effect can be evaluated in powder coatings, industrial stoving paints and hard coating systems.

Thermal cracking in casting resins and solder masks

Thanks to the high thermal stability offered by the triazine ring, high-purity TGIC can help reduce the risk of cracking and loss of structure at solder bath temperatures or high operating temperatures.

However, thermal shock resistance depends on the resin type, fillers and curing process.

Chemical and solvent permeability in adhesives and composites

Resin matrices crosslinked with TGIC can make it more difficult for solvents, oils and acidic/alkaline chemicals to penetrate into the coating.

For this purpose, the epoxy equivalent weight and reaction stoichiometry of the product to be used should be calculated correctly.

Low melt strength in plastic recycling

In polyester and PET recycling, TGIC can contribute to increasing melt viscosity and strength by linking free reactive ends.

However, since gel formation (gelation) can occur if the dosage is increased excessively, the process should be carried out carefully.

Arcing and leakage in electrical insulation

Low-chlorine TGIC products can help reduce the risk of electrical leakage and arcing because of their low ionic impurities.

It should not be assumed that every TGIC product will provide the same high performance in electronic insulation.

POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

One of the most common mistakes in using 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is assuming that all epoxy hardeners or TGIC products have the same technical properties and reactivity. In fact, Standard TGIC, Low-Chlorine TGIC, Micronized TGIC and TGIC-Free alternatives (PRIMID, etc.) have different chemical structures, melting ranges and reaction mechanisms.

The following issues should be taken into account when using 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate:

A TGIC grade suitable for the intended use should be selected.

Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW) should be examined.

Melting point and melt viscosity should be evaluated.

Total and hydrolyzable chlorine ratios should be checked.

The stoichiometric ratio should be calculated correctly according to the resin acid value (Acid Value).

Extrusion temperature should be kept at a level that prevents gelation.

Volatile matter and moisture content should be evaluated.

Storage conditions away from light and moisture should be ensured.

Baking temperature and reaction time should be determined.

Dosage and catalyst ratio should be determined through laboratory trials.

Compatibility with other paint and resin raw materials should be tested.

Manufacturer TDS and SDS documents should be examined in detail.

Batch-based analysis results and EEW values should be verified via the COA.

During the processing of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate powders, engineering controls, closed systems and appropriate personal protective equipment (respirator, gloves, protective clothing) should be used to prevent skin contact and inhalation of airborne particles. Due to the toxicological classifications of TGIC, safe handling procedures should be applied strictly in accordance with the product's current SDS.

Dust control and ventilation are vitally important, especially during weighing, feeding and pre-extruder mixing.

STARTING FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

The examples below are starting approaches prepared to show how 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be evaluated in the formulation development process. They are not validated commercial recipes, production instructions or regulatory-compliant final formulas.

The ratios given are example starting levels for preliminary laboratory trials. Whether the 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate used is in high-purity powder, micronized or masterbatch form can significantly change performance. In each application, laboratory trials, baking tests, mechanical strength measurements, and safety and relevant regulatory checks should be performed.

EXAMPLE 1: PRELIMINARY TRIAL IN AN OUTDOOR EXTERIOR FACADE POWDER COATING FORMULATION

Purpose: To examine the effect of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) on crosslinking, gloss and mechanical strength in a carboxyl-terminated polyester resin system.

Starting approach:

Carboxylic Polyester Resin (Acid Value ~30–35 mg KOH/g): 93%

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC): 7%

Catalyst, Flow Agent and Degassing Additives: 1.5–2% in addition to resin weight

This ratio (93/7 polyester/TGIC ratio) is a classic starting level for laboratory screening. Resins with different acid values or modified TGICs should not be expected to give the same crosslink density at the same ratio.

Application approach:

The polyester resin and TGIC are dry-blended in a pre-mixer.
Agents and pigments are added and homogenized.
The mixture is melt-mixed in a twin-screw extruder at a barrel temperature of 100°C–110°C.
The cooled extrudate is crushed, micronized and sieved.
It is applied to a test panel with an electrostatic gun.
It is baked in an oven at 180°C–200°C for 10–15 minutes.
Impact resistance, bending and gloss are measured.
If necessary, the TGIC ratio is gradually adjusted according to the Acid Value / EEW calculation.
The melting and reaction of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate depend on the system's baking regime. High extrusion temperatures can cause premature gelation.

EXAMPLE 2: PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC SOLDER MASK

Purpose: To evaluate the thermal shock and solder resistance of a Low-Chlorine 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate product in a liquid epoxy/acrylic solder mask system.

Starting components:

Reactive Binder / Epoxy Acrylate Resin: 50–65%

Solvent / Reactive Diluent Phase: 15–25%

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate (Low-Chlorine TGIC): 8–15%

Pigment, Photoinitiator and Fillers: according to formulation

The amount of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate may vary according to the reactive epoxy and carboxyl balance of the resin. High-purity TGIC products may show a more pronounced effect on thermal resistance and adhesion properties.

Application approach:

The resin and solvent phase are mixed.
TGIC is added in a controlled manner and dissolved/dispersed.
Photoinitiators and fillers are added.
Dispersion is achieved with a high-shear mixer or three-roll mill.
The mixture is applied to a PCB test board and pre-dried.
After UV exposure, development and a 150°C final bake (post-cure) are applied.
A 260°C solder bath immersion test and adhesion measurement are performed.
It should not be assumed that a single TGIC product will provide the same solubility or resistance in all solder mask resins.

EXAMPLE 3: REACTIVE CHAIN EXTENSION IN SOLDER / CASTING RESIN

Purpose: To examine the effect of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate on the molecular network structure in a thermoplastic or reactive casting formulation.

Starting approach:

Base Resin / Polymer Matrix: 95.5%

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC): 1.5%

Processing Aids / Stabilizers: 3%

The 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate ratio can be adjusted according to the polymer's free end groups, moisture content and target viscosity. Different reactivity levels can be compared in laboratory screening.

Application approach:

The polymer is melted or a resin solution is prepared.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is dried separately and homogenized.
It is added to the reactor or extruder in a controlled manner.
Temperature and mixing time are kept constant.
Melt viscosity or melt flow index (MFI) is measured.
Mechanical tensile and thermal resistance tests are performed.
In such applications, it is important that TGIC reacts homogeneously in the melt and does not create local gelation.

SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

Finding an alternative to 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is not just a matter of choosing another epoxy or reactive hardener. When determining an alternative, the targeted function, reactivity, baking temperature, melting point, harmlessness/labeling requirements, outdoor resistance, industry of use, quality requirements and final product performance should be evaluated together.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE AND PRIMID (HAA)

PRIMID (Hydroxyalkylamide - HAA) is one of the most commonly used alternative crosslinker systems in TGIC-free powder coating formulations. Therefore, when making a direct comparison between PRIMID and 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, the baking regime of the formulation and the release of water during baking need to be taken into account.
PRIMID releases water vapor as a reaction by-product while undergoing esterification with carboxyl groups. 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, on the other hand, does not release any volatile by-product since it reacts through epoxy ring opening.
While the term TGIC denotes a trifunctional epoxy-based hardener, PRIMID has a β-hydroxyalkylamide structure. Therefore, in thick film applications (above 100 microns), TGIC does not cause gas bubbles, whereas the risk of gassing must be managed in PRIMID formulations.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE AND PT 910 / PT 912 (GLYCIDYL ESTERS)

PT 910 and PT 912 are glycidyl ester-based epoxy hardener blends developed as TGIC alternatives. Like TGIC, they have epoxy chemistry that does not release by-products during reaction.
While 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate refers to a single, pure triazine compound, products such as PT 910/912 are aryl blends of bis- and tris-glycidyl esters.
PT 910/912 systems can provide mechanical and outdoor resistance similar to TGIC, but stoichiometry, melt viscosity and baking kinetics may differ.
Therefore, when PT 910 or PT 912 is planned to be used as a direct one-to-one replacement for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, resin and oven tests should be performed.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE AND BLOCKED ISOCYANATES (PUR HARDENERS)

Blocked isocyanates (e.g., VESTAGON B 1530, etc.) are used in polyurethane powder coating formulations to provide crosslinking with hydroxyl-terminated polyesters.
While 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is used for carboxyl-terminated polyester resins, blocked isocyanates are preferred for hydroxyl-functional resins.
Isocyanate hardeners provide high chemical resistance and a smooth surface, but the blocking agent must dissociate in the oven during the reaction.
Therefore, using a polyurethane hardener instead of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate requires a complete change of resin type.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE AND STANDARD BISPHENOL-A EPOXY RESINS

Bisphenol-A based epoxy resins (DGEBA) are used as the main binder or hardener component in epoxy-polyester hybrid powder coatings.
While 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, with its high triazine stability and trifunctional epoxy structure, enables the production of paints suitable for outdoor use (100% weather-resistant), Bisphenol-A epoxies chalk and yellow under sunlight (UV).
While Bisphenol-A epoxies offer an economical solution for indoor coatings, synthetic 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is preferred in architectural and outdoor applications.
Therefore, using Bisphenol-A epoxy instead of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can only be considered for indoor products.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE AND TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIGLYCIDYL ETHER (TMPTGE)

TMPTGE is an aliphatic trifunctional epoxy diluent and crosslinker. It is in liquid form.
The main difference between 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and TMPTGE is the physical form and the triazine ring. TGIC is a high-melting solid powder, while TMPTGE is liquid at room temperature.
While TMPTGE is used as a viscosity-reducing reactive diluent in liquid epoxy castings and solvent-borne systems, TGIC is suitable for powder systems and applications requiring high thermal stability.
Therefore, powder 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and liquid TMPTGE cannot directly replace each other.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE AND TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE (TMA) / ANHYDRIDES

Anhydride hardeners are used for heat curing in epoxy casting and composite systems.
While 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an epoxy-functional hardener component, anhydrides have acid anhydride chemistry that opens epoxy rings.
When selecting an alternative, the targeted crosslinking speed, reactive group type and baking conditions should be determined through comparative laboratory tests.

QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

When purchasing 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, deciding based only on product name and price is not sufficient. In particular, different product types such as Standard TGIC, Low-Chlorine TGIC, Micronized TGIC and High-Purity TGIC have different technical properties.

Information recommended for review before purchase:

Product name and manufacturer

TGIC grade and purity

Synthesis method and crystal form

CAS number (2451-62-9)

EC / EINECS number (219-514-3)

Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW - g/eq)

Melting point and melting range (°C)

Total Chlorine and reactive chlorine ratio

Volatile Matter %

Color (APHA / Hazen melt color)

Particle size distribution (D50, D90)

Melt Viscosity

Technical data sheet (TDS)

Safety data sheet (SDS / MSDS)

Certificate of analysis (COA)

Production and batch (Lot/Batch) information

Packaging type and net quantity (Moisture-protected bags)

Storage conditions (Maximum temperature limits)

Shelf life or retest information

Regulatory and compliance documents for industries that require them (RoHS, REACH, etc.)

The COA shows the analysis results (EEW, melting point, chlorine, etc.) of a specific batch of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate. The TDS explains the general technical properties and recommended uses of the product. The SDS contains information on safe use, transport, storage and toxicological emergencies.

These documents do not replace one another; they should be evaluated together.

Especially when purchasing "1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate", the manufacturer should be asked whether the product is Powder Coating Grade, Electronic Low-Chlorine Grade or Micronized TGIC. This is because products with different reactivity and ionic purity performance may exist under the same general TGIC name.

STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate should be stored in its original packaging under the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and protected from moisture. Especially for powder TGIC products, temperature control and moisture prevention are vital to prevent caking, premature reaction and deterioration of melting properties.

The product should not be exposed to high humidity, storage temperatures above 30°C or direct heat sources.

After the packaging is opened, it is important to protect the product from ambient moisture and contamination. Clean and dry equipment should be preferred during use, and the packaging should be resealed airtight.

For powder TGIC products, precautions should be taken against static electricity build-up and the risk of dust explosion/inhalation during opening of the packaging and transfer operations prior to the extruder.

For electronic grade Low-Chlorine TGIC products, keeping the packaging closed and storing under clean room/dry environment conditions is especially important to preserve ionic purity.

Products that have been stored for a long time, have caked or show a deviation in melting point should be re-evaluated by performing EEW and melting tests in line with manufacturer specifications.

SAFETY INFORMATION FOR 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

The safe use of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate depends on the physical form, purity grade and current SDS of the supplied product.

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is not the same concept as standard harmless mineral fillers. Due to its chemical structure, TGIC contains reactive epoxy groups and requires safety measures because of its mutagenic/sensitizing potential. Therefore, the warnings in the safety data sheet (SDS) of the purchased product should be strictly followed.

Especially for fine powder forms of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, preventing exposure to respirable particles and skin/eye contact is essential. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV), closed weighing systems, filtered respirators (P3 class), nitrile gloves and safety goggles should be used during transfer, weighing, blending and extrusion operations.

In powder coating manufacturing, grounding of equipment is particularly important against the risk of dust explosion when TGIC becomes suspended in the air.

In electronic or special coating applications, not only chemical safety but also the raw material's compliance with relevant chlorine and ionic limit standards should be verified.

It should not be assumed that safety information for different manufacturers or different TGIC forms is the same. The current SDS and manufacturer technical documentation should be taken as the basis.

WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PURCHASING 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE?

The first step in sourcing 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is to clarify the purpose for which the product will be used. The quality criteria sought for architectural aluminum powder coating, automotive supply industry coating, electronic solder mask, PCB casting, plastic modification or adhesive formulation may not be the same.

Therefore, rather than writing only "1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate" or "TGIC" in the purchase request, specifying the application area, epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) and targeted technical function allows a more accurate product evaluation.

The following information should be clarified before purchase:

Industry of use and final application

Required TGIC type (Powder Coating Grade, Electronic Grade, etc.)

Whether there is a Low-Chlorine requirement

Required Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW range)

Melting point and melt viscosity expectation

Particle size (standard powder or micronized)

Chlorine and volatile matter limits

Color expectation (Hazen/APHA)

Required quality standard and purity %

Whether manufacturer and origin information is required

Required packaging type and quantity (e.g., 25 kg moisture-protected bag)

TDS, SDS and COA needs

Required regulatory or compliance documents (RoHS, REACH)

If substitution is planned, the technical properties of the current product

The price of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate may vary depending on product type, purity, whether it is Low-Chlorine, EEW precision, manufacturer, quality grade, order quantity, packaging, origin, logistics and current chemical raw material market conditions. Therefore, the current 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate price should be evaluated through a quotation together with the product specification and delivery terms.

SUPPLY OF 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE FROM ATAMAN KIMYA

1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an important reactive chemical raw material evaluated for different technical functions such as polyester crosslinking, heat stabilization, corrosion prevention, electrical insulation, adhesion improvement and chemical resistance. It is important for manufacturers planning to purchase the product to clarify, before ordering, the TGIC type suitable for their application, EEW value, melting range, quality grade, technical properties and required documents.

Companies wishing to obtain information about the supply of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate from Ataman Kimya can request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and price quotations by sharing their application areas and technical needs.

The current stock status, origin, TGIC type, EEW value, melting point, packaging and specifications of the product should be confirmed with Ataman Kimya before ordering.

Sharing the following information in the quotation request makes it easier to evaluate the right 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate product:

Industry of use and final application

Requested TGIC type (Standard, Low-Chlorine, etc.)

Requested EEW (Epoxy Equivalent Weight) range

Requested melting and particle properties

Requested quality standard and purity

Estimated order quantity

Required packaging type

Requested technical documents (TDS, SDS, COA, RoHS)

TDS or COA information of the current product, if any

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT 1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE

What is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is a trifunctional epoxy compound containing three epoxy groups attached to a triazine core, with the basic chemical composition C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆. It is also called Triglycidyl Isocyanurate or TGIC and, depending on its reactive properties, is used as a hardener and crosslinker in electrostatic powder coatings.

Are 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and TGIC the same?
Yes. TGIC is the acronym for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate commonly used in industry and trade.

What is the CAS number of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
The general CAS number for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is 2451-62-9.

What is the EC / EINECS number of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
The EC / EINECS number for 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is listed as 219-514-3.

What is the INCI name of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE is used as the designation in special technical applications. However, specific manufacturer definitions should be checked.

What is the chemical formula of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
The basic chemical formula of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆. PubChem gives this formula and a molecular weight of approximately 297.26 g/mol for the compound.

Are 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester the same?
Yes, Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester is one of the systematic chemical names of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate.

Are 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and PRIMID the same?
No. TGIC is a trifunctional epoxy hardener, while PRIMID (HAA) is a TGIC-free alternative with a β-hydroxyalkylamide structure. Their reaction mechanisms and volatile gas behaviors are different.

Are 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and PT 910 the same?
No. PT 910 is a TGIC-alternative hardener consisting of glycidyl ester blends, while TGIC is a pure triazine tri-epoxy compound.

Are 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate and Bisphenol-A Epoxy the same?
No. Bisphenol-A epoxies chalk under UV, while TGIC, thanks to its triazine structure, forms non-yellowing coatings that are highly resistant to outdoor weather conditions.

Is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate soluble in water?
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is practically insoluble in water. However, it dissolves homogeneously with temperature in organic solvents or reactive resin melts and reacts.

What is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate used for?
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is used for crosslinking polyester resins, providing hardness in stoving paints, imparting outdoor resistance, preventing corrosion, forming PCB solder masks and thermal stabilization.

In which industries is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate used?
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is used in electrostatic powder coatings, architectural aluminum coatings, the automotive supply industry, electrical-electronics (PCB), casting resins, adhesives, plastic modification and industrial metal paints.

Is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate used in powder coatings?
Yes. TGIC is one of the most widely accepted main hardener components in outdoor architectural and industrial polyester powder coatings.

Is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate used in plastics?
Yes. In certain polymer systems, it can be evaluated as a molecular weight enhancer, chain extender and heat stabilizer.

Is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate used in electronics?
Yes. High-purity, Low-Chlorine TGIC is used as a raw material for solder masks and insulation casting on printed circuit boards (PCB).

Does 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate cause gas bubbles during baking?
Since TGIC cures via an epoxy ring-opening reaction, it does not release water or volatile gas during the reaction. Therefore, it minimizes the risk of gas bubble formation in thick film coatings.

Is 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate food-safe?
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is an industrial reactive chemical. It is not a direct food additive; however, its suitability in certain stoving coatings with indirect food contact should be checked through specific REACH and FDA/regulatory certifications.

What is the EEW value of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
The Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW) of TGIC is generally between 95 and 105 g/eq. This value indicates the reactivity strength of the molecule.

What is the melting point of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
The melting point of TGIC is generally between 90°C and 105°C depending on its purity.

What is Low-Chlorine TGIC?
Low-Chlorine TGIC is a high-purity TGIC class with reduced ionic chlorine levels, produced especially for electronic solder masks and sensitive insulation materials.

What does TGIC-Free mean?
TGIC-Free refers to powder coating formulations in which different hardeners such as PRIMID or PT 910 are used instead of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate.

How is the TGIC/resin ratio calculated?
The amount of TGIC is calculated stoichiometrically based on the Acid Value of the polyester resin used and the Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW) of the TGIC (generally a ratio of 93% Resin / 7% TGIC).

What is the shelf life of TGIC?
When stored in its original packaging in a dry, cool place away from moisture, TGIC generally retains its stability for 12 to 24 months.

What does the price of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate depend on?
TGIC price varies depending on purity grade, whether it is Low-Chlorine, EEW precision, manufacturer, packaging type, order quantity and global epoxy raw material market conditions.

Are there alternatives to 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
PRIMID (HAA), PT 910/912 glycidyl esters, blocked isocyanates and Bisphenol-A epoxies can be evaluated as alternatives depending on the intended use.

What is the main difference between TGIC and PRIMID?
TGIC cures without releasing gas and is suitable for high film thicknesses. PRIMID releases water vapor during the reaction and offers the advantage of TGIC-free labeling.

Does TGIC cause yellowing?
Since TGIC has a triazine ring, it does not yellow like aromatic epoxies at high temperatures and under UV light; it retains its color.

Is TGIC affected by moisture?
Yes. If powder TGIC absorbs moisture, it may cake and may not mix homogeneously during extrusion. For this reason, it should be stored in moisture-proof packaging.

How can TGIC reactivity be increased?
The reaction temperature or time can be reduced by adding suitable epoxy catalysts such as quaternary ammonium salts or dicyandiamide to the formulation.

Which documents should be requested when purchasing 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
TDS, SDS, COA and, for electronic/architectural applications, RoHS/REACH compliance documents should be requested.

Which technical properties are important when purchasing TGIC?
Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW), melting point, chlorine content, volatile matter %, particle size and color values are important.

What is the physical appearance of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
It is generally a white or off-white crystalline powder or granule.

What is the molecular weight of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate?
The calculated molecular weight of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate is approximately 297.26 g/mol.

Is TGIC toxic and does it require safety precautions?
Yes. TGIC is a reactive chemical with a mutagenic classification. During processing, masks, gloves, ventilation and dust prevention systems are mandatory.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL ISOCYANURATE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, known in Turkish as Triglisidil İzosiyanürat, is an Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester form with trifunctional epoxy groups and the basic chemical composition C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆. It may be searched for under different names such as TGIC, Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate and TGIC Powder. PubChem states the molecular formula C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆ and a molecular weight of approximately 297.26 g/mol for Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, and explains that the compound has reactive epoxy rings attached to a triazine core.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate does not consist of a single commercial standard grade. Standard Powder Coating Grade TGIC, Low-Chlorine Electronic Grade TGIC, Micronized TGIC and modified epoxy hardener blends may be among the special TGIC forms. Although all of these products are based on C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆, their purity ratios, chlorine contents, epoxy equivalent weights (EEW), melting points and technical performance may differ.
CAS No 2451-62-9 and EC No 219-514-3 are used for the general 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate registration. However, since different technical registrations may exist for certain specific isomer ratios or modified TGIC systems, the exact chemical definition and purity grade of the product should be checked during purchase.
1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used mainly for technical functions such as polyester crosslinking, imparting baking hardness, UV/weathering stabilization, corrosion prevention, providing yellowing resistance, forming solder masks and thermal stability. Performance in use depends on Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW), melting range, chlorine ratio, resin acid value, baking regimes, mixing homogeneity and dosage.
Selecting the right form of 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate, which can be evaluated in electrostatic powder coatings, architectural aluminum coatings, the automotive supply industry, electrical-electronics (PCB), casting resins, adhesives, composites and plastic modification applications, is important for final product performance.
Companies planning to source 1,3,5-Triglycidyl isocyanurate from Ataman Kimya are advised to confirm current product, stock, origin, packaging and quotation information by sharing their application area, requested TGIC type, EEW range, melting properties, quality standard, quantity and technical document needs.