1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is a trifunctional epoxy compound built around a thermally stable isocyanurate ring.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions primarily as a curing agent, crosslinker, reactive monomer, and adhesion-supporting intermediate.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is used in polyester powder coatings, solder-mask inks, protective electronic coatings, adhesives, composites, and specialty thermosetting resins.

CAS Number: 2451-62-9
EC Number: 219-514-3
Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆
Molecular Weight: 297.26 g/mol

SYNONYMS

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione, 1,3,5-Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, Triglycidyl Isocyanurate, Triglycidylisocyanurate, TGIC, TGI, TGT, Glycidyl Isocyanurate, Tris(glycidyl) Isocyanurate, Tris(epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate, Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate, Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate, 1,3,5-Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-Tris(oxiranylmethyl) Isocyanurate, 1,3,5-Tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) Isocyanurate, 1,3,5-Tris(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-Tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-tris(oxiranylmethyl)-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, 1,3,5-tris(2-oxiranylmethyl)-, Triglycidyl Cyanurate, Triglycidyl Isocyanuric Acid Ester, Isocyanuric Acid Triglycidyl Ester, Isocyanuric Acid Trisglycidyl Ester, Isocyanurate Triepoxide, Isocyanurate-Based Triepoxide, Trifunctional Epoxy Isocyanurate, Trifunctional Epoxy Crosslinker, Triepoxy Isocyanurate, Triglycidyl Triazine Trione, Glycidyl Triazine Trione, Epoxy-Functional Isocyanurate, Three-Functional Epoxy Compound, Polyester Powder-Coating Hardener, Carboxyl-Polyester Crosslinker, Powder-Coating Epoxy Curing Agent, Outdoor Powder-Coating Crosslinker, Solder-Mask Ink Hardener, Printed-Circuit-Board Ink Crosslinker, Heat-Resistant Epoxy Monomer, Isocyanurate-Ring Epoxy Monomer, Thermosetting-Resin Crosslinker, Reactive Epoxy Intermediate, High-Functionality Epoxy Compound, Technical-Grade TGIC, High-Purity TGIC, Alpha-TGIC, Beta-TGIC, CAS 2451-62-9, EC 219-514-3, EINECS 219-514-3, PubChem CID 17142, C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆

APPLICATIONS

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE serves as a trifunctional curing agent for carboxyl-functional polyester powder coatings.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE reacts through its three epoxy groups to produce a dense three-dimensional thermoset network during baking.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports exterior architectural powder coatings requiring durable color, gloss, and weathering performance.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is commonly associated with outdoor polyester systems because the cured films can provide useful resistance to ultraviolet exposure.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions in powder coatings for aluminum profiles, window frames, doors, railings, and façade components.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE must be formulated with a compatible polyester, catalyst, pigment package, and pretreatment system.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contributes to coatings for structural steel, fabricated metal sections, and exterior building components.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE helps develop hard and chemically crosslinked films when the substrate preparation and curing schedule are adequate.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports powder coatings for household appliances and durable metal equipment.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can improve hardness, adhesion, chemical resistance, and surface durability in properly balanced formulations.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions in coatings for selected automotive and transportation components.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE suitability depends on impact resistance, flexibility, corrosion protection, stone-chip performance, and thermal-cycling requirements.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contributes to powder coatings for agricultural machinery, construction equipment, and outdoor industrial vehicles.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports durable finishes exposed to sunlight, moisture, handling, lubricants, and environmental contamination.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports metal-furniture coatings for shelving, cabinets, outdoor seating, and storage systems.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can provide a hard surface while polyester structure and coating thickness determine flexibility and impact performance.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions in finishes for electrical cabinets, lighting housings, HVAC units, and telecommunications enclosures.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE helps establish a continuous protective film after electrostatic application, melting, flow, and thermal curing.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contributes to coatings for fences, gates, playground equipment, and exterior fixtures.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can support weather resistance while complete performance remains dependent on pretreatment and pigment stability.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports high-gloss polyester powder coatings requiring smooth flow and strong surface development.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE dosage and catalyst selection must be controlled to avoid premature gelation, poor leveling, or incomplete cure.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions in textured, matte, and structured powder-coating systems.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can be combined with suitable fillers, texturing agents, pigments, and flow modifiers to obtain the intended appearance.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contributes to coating systems requiring resistance to solvents, cleaners, oils, and selected industrial chemicals.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE chemical resistance must be verified against the exact substance, concentration, temperature, and exposure period.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports polyester coatings requiring long-term exterior gloss and color retention.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE does not independently guarantee weathering performance because polyester chemistry, pigments, stabilizers, and film thickness remain critical.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions in relatively thin thermosetting films requiring efficient crosslinking.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE high epoxy functionality allows a substantial network to form at comparatively low crosslinker concentrations.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can be evaluated in clear or lightly pigmented polyester coatings.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE requires careful control of cure, yellowing, film clarity, surface defects, and residual unreacted epoxy groups.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE serves as a hardener in solder-mask and solder-resistant inks for printed circuit boards.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE promotes thermal crosslinking that produces a protective coating over selected conductive tracks and board surfaces.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports protective electronic inks applied by screen printing, curtain coating, or compatible deposition methods.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE must be validated for adhesion, dielectric behavior, solder resistance, thermal cycling, and chemical processing compatibility.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions as a multifunctional epoxy monomer in specialty thermosetting resin systems.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can react with carboxylic acids, anhydrides, amines, thiols, phenols, and alcohols under suitable curing conditions.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can be evaluated in structural and industrial adhesives requiring high crosslink density.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE may improve thermal and chemical resistance while potentially reducing flexibility when used at excessive functionality.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE supports heat-curable adhesive films and reactive bonding compositions.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE suitability depends on cure temperature, substrate wetting, catalyst, bond-line thickness, toughness, and service conditions.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can be evaluated in sealants and encapsulating compounds requiring a rigid thermosetting network.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE must be balanced with flexible resin segments or toughening agents where movement and impact resistance are required.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE functions in fiber-reinforced composites and high-temperature laminating-resin research.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can increase network functionality, glass-transition behavior, dimensional stability, and chemical resistance after complete cure.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contributes to electrical-insulation and electronic-protection resin research.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can support rigid dielectric networks when moisture uptake, ionic contamination, cure completeness, and thermal aging are controlled.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE serves as a laboratory reagent for epoxy-reaction, stereochemistry, polymerization, and coating-cure studies.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can be evaluated through epoxy-equivalent, gel-time, differential-scanning-calorimetry, chromatography, spectroscopy, and mechanical-film testing.

DESCRIPTION

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is the substance commonly known as Triglycidyl Isocyanurate or TGIC.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is identified by CAS Number 2451-62-9 and EC Number 219-514-3.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE has the molecular formula C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆ and a molecular weight of approximately 297.26 g/mol.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contains an isocyanurate core substituted with three glycidyl or oxiranylmethyl groups.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE carries three reactive epoxide rings and therefore behaves as a trifunctional epoxy compound.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can form a highly crosslinked network by reacting each epoxide group with suitable functional groups.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is an isocyanurate compound and does not contain the free reactive NCO groups associated with conventional isocyanates.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE reactivity originates principally from its three strained epoxide rings.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE exists in alpha and beta stereoisomeric forms.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE technical material is commonly a mixture of the two diastereomeric forms, whose physical properties can differ.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE normally appears as a white crystalline powder, granule, or solid.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE is generally described as having no discernible odor at ordinary room temperature.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE has a typical technical-grade melting point near 95°C, although reported commercial ranges can extend from approximately 90°C to 125°C.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE melting behavior depends on purity, stereoisomer ratio, crystal form, and grade specification.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE has a reported density of approximately 1.5 g/cm³.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE technical-grade water solubility is reported near 9 g/L at 25°C, with substantial differences between individual isomers.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can be manufactured by reacting cyanuric acid with excess epichlorohydrin followed by purification and crystallization.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE manufacturing control must address residual epichlorohydrin, hydrolysable chlorine, stereoisomer distribution, color, and epoxy content.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE cures carboxyl-functional polyester resins through epoxide-ring opening and ester-bond formation.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE creates an insoluble thermoset matrix when the epoxy-to-carboxyl equivalent ratio and baking schedule are suitable.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE reacts rapidly in molten form with primary and secondary amines, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, thiols, phenols, and alcohols.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE reaction rate depends on temperature, catalyst, functional-group concentration, mixing, and moisture.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE provides high crosslink density, hardness, chemical resistance, and thermal-network stability.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can reduce flexibility or impact resistance when the resin system is excessively rigid or over-crosslinked.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE can polymerize under prolonged heating or in the presence of active catalysts.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE may undergo hazardous uncontrolled polymerization when exposed to unsuitable heat, contamination, or reactive substances.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE quality is commonly controlled through assay, epoxy equivalent weight, melting range, color, moisture, chlorine content, and particle size.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE technical grades must be matched to the intended powder-coating, ink, adhesive, composite, or electronic application.

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE presents significant occupational hazards in uncured powder form, including acute oral and inhalation toxicity, serious eye damage, skin sensitization, and genotoxicity concerns.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE workplace exposure should be maintained at the lowest practicable level through substitution assessment, enclosure, extraction, hygiene, and suitable personal protection.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Name: 1,3,5-Tris(oxiranylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione

Chemical Class: Trifunctional Epoxy Isocyanurate

CAS Number: 2451-62-9

EC Number: 219-514-3

Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆

Molecular Weight: 297.26 g/mol

Physical Form: Crystalline Powder, Granules, or Solid

Appearance: White

Odor: Essentially Odorless at Room Temperature

Melting Point: Commonly Approximately 95°C; Grade Dependent

Density: Approximately 1.5 g/cm³

Water Solubility at 25°C: Approximately 9 g/L for Technical Material

Epoxy Functionality: Three Epoxide Groups

Primary Function: Polyester Curing Agent and Thermosetting Crosslinker

Main Uses: Powder Coatings, Solder-Mask Inks, Electronic Coatings, Adhesives, and Specialty Epoxy Resins

Common Hazard Concerns: Toxic if Swallowed or Inhaled, Serious Eye Damage, Skin Sensitization, Genotoxicity, and Combustible Dust

Storage: Cool, Dry, Tightly Closed, and Separated from Heat, Catalysts, and Reactive Chemicals

FIRST AID

Inhalation

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE inhalation exposure requires immediate movement to fresh air and rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE inhalation requires urgent medical attention because powder or aerosol exposure can be toxic.

Skin Contact

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE contamination requires immediate removal of affected clothing and thorough washing of the skin with soap and water.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE skin exposure requires medical attention if redness, itching, swelling, rash, or sensitization symptoms develop.

Eye Contact

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE eye exposure requires immediate and continuous rinsing with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE eye exposure requires urgent ophthalmic attention because serious and potentially persistent eye damage can occur.

Ingestion

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE ingestion requires immediate rinsing of the mouth without inducing vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE ingestion requires immediate contact with a physician or poison information center because the substance is toxic if swallowed.

Note to Physicians

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE exposure should be treated symptomatically with close monitoring and appropriate supportive care.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE assessment should consider respiratory effects, eye injury, systemic toxicity, exposure amount, route, duration, and current safety documentation.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE should be handled in enclosed systems wherever practical, with occupational exposure maintained at the lowest practicable level.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE should not contact the eyes, skin, clothing, food, drink, catalysts, acids, anhydrides, amines, thiols, or other reactive substances.

Ventilation

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE powder-handling and spraying areas require effective local exhaust ventilation and controlled dust collection.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE respiratory protection must be used when enclosure and engineering controls cannot adequately prevent inhalation exposure.

Storage

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE should be stored in tightly closed containers within a cool, dry, well-ventilated, and access-controlled area.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE should be protected from moisture, excessive heat, direct sunlight, ignition sources, catalysts, and incompatible reactive chemicals.

Spill and Leak Procedures

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE spills should be isolated and collected with suitable filtered vacuum equipment while avoiding airborne dust generation.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE should not enter drains, soil, groundwater, or surface water, and recovered waste should be placed in sealed and labeled containers.

Handling Precautions

1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE handling requires chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, tightly fitting goggles, and suitable face and respiratory protection.
1,3,5-TRIGLYCIDYL-S-TRIAZINETRIONE operations require emergency eyewash facilities, safety showers, combustible-dust controls, exposure monitoring, and review of the current grade-specific Safety Data Sheet.