1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE

1H-Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound widely used as a corrosion inhibitor and metal passivator, especially for copper and copper alloys.
1H-Benzotriazole forms protective surface complexes on metals, and 1H-Benzotriazole helps reduce tarnishing, staining, and corrosion in industrial fluids and protective formulations.
1H-Benzotriazole is also used as an intermediate and functional additive in multiple industrial processes, but 1H-Benzotriazole must be handled responsibly because 1H-Benzotriazole can irritate eyes and skin and should not be released to the environment without proper controls.

CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol

Synonyms: 1H-Benzotriazole, Benzotriazole, BTA, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor, Copper Corrosion Inhibitor BTA, Benzotriazole Passivator, Benzotriazole Antitarnish Agent, Benzotriazole Intermediate, Tolyltriazole Alternative (related class), Benzotriazole Additive, 1H-Benzotriazole, 1H-benzotriazole, 1H BENZOTRIAZOLE, Benzotriazole, BENZOTRIAZOLE, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1,2,3 BENZOTRIAZOLE, 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole (BTA), BTA, BTAH, BTA-H, Benzotriazole (BTA), Benzotriazole (BTAH), Benzotriazole corrosion inhibitor, Benzotriazole copper inhibitor, Copper corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole), Copper tarnish inhibitor (benzotriazole), Copper passivator (benzotriazole), Metal corrosion inhibitor (benzotriazole), Anti-corrosion agent (benzotriazole), Benzotriazole passivator, Benzotriazole metal passivator, Benzotriazole antifreeze inhibitor (use context), Benzotriazole coolant inhibitor (use context), Benzotriazole boiler inhibitor (use context), Benzotriazole water treatment inhibitor (use context), Benzotriazole industrial inhibitor, Benzotriazole additive (corrosion inhibitor), Benzotriazole plating inhibitor (use context), Benzotriazole etching inhibitor (use context), Benzotriazole for copper alloys, Benzotriazole for brass, Benzotriazole for bronze, Benzotriazole for aluminum (use context), Benzotriazole for silver (use context), Benzotriazole for metalworking fluids (use context), Benzotriazole for lubricants (use context), Benzotriazole for hydraulic fluids (use context), Benzotriazole for cutting fluids (use context), Benzotriazole for coolants (use context), Benzotriazole for antifreeze (use context), Benzotriazole for cleaners (use context), Benzotriazole for de-icing fluids (use context), Benzotriazole for corrosion protection, Benzotriazole reagent, Benzotriazole analytical grade, Benzotriazole laboratory grade, Benzotriazole technical grade, Benzotriazole industrial grade, Benzotriazole high purity, Benzotriazole 98%, Benzotriazole 99%, Benzotriazole powder, Benzotriazole crystals, Benzotriazole granules, 1H-Benzotriazole powder (variant)

APPLICATIONS

1H-Benzotriazole is used in metalworking fluids to protect copper and brass components from corrosion and staining.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into cutting and grinding fluids to reduce tarnish and improve fluid service life.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in rust-preventive concentrates where copper alloy passivation is required.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in industrial cooling water systems to inhibit corrosion of copper and copper alloy heat exchangers.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into closed-loop cooling circuits to maintain metal protection during long service periods.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in antifreeze and coolant formulations to reduce copper corrosion and solder attack.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in automotive and industrial coolants to protect copper, brass, and some aluminum-copper assemblies.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into coolant additive packages to maintain long-term corrosion control.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in radiator protection systems to reduce metal dissolution and discoloration.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in metal cleaning formulations to protect copper surfaces during alkaline or acidic cleaning steps.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into pickling inhibitors to reduce copper attack in compatible acid systems.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in ultrasonic cleaning baths to minimize tarnishing during cleaning cycles.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in plating and electroplating processes to control copper surface behavior and reduce oxidation.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into brightening and stabilization systems in some metal finishing lines.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in post-treatment rinses to improve corrosion resistance of copper-containing surfaces.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in protective coatings and primers as an anti-corrosion additive for copper and copper alloy substrates.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into clear lacquers to reduce tarnish and maintain metal appearance.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in anti-tarnish coatings for decorative copper and brass items.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in electronics and printed circuit board manufacturing to protect copper traces from oxidation.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into flux and cleaning processes where copper passivation is beneficial.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in storage protection of copper parts to reduce discoloration before assembly.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in lubricants and hydraulic fluids to provide copper corrosion protection in systems containing copper alloys.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into industrial oils to reduce copper catalyzed oxidation and staining.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in turbine and compressor oils where copper passivation supports oxidative stability.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in analytical chemistry and laboratories as a reagent and complexing agent for metal-ion studies.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into method development where copper complexation is used as a probe or standard.
1H-Benzotriazole is used in research formulations where surface passivation mechanisms are evaluated.

1H-Benzotriazole is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, including some dye and corrosion-inhibitor derivatives.
1H-Benzotriazole is incorporated into functional additives and engineered inhibitors where benzotriazole chemistry is needed.
1H-Benzotriazole is valued because 1H-Benzotriazole provides strong, durable copper passivation and broad utility in industrial corrosion control systems.

1H-Benzotriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper-alloy surfaces.
1H-Benzotriazole forms a protective complex film on copper that reduces oxidation and tarnishing.
1H-Benzotriazole is used to protect brass and bronze components in mixed-metal systems.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in industrial water treatment programs for closed-loop cooling systems.
1H-Benzotriazole helps control copper corrosion in recirculating cooling water.
1H-Benzotriazole supports longer equipment life by reducing copper ion release into water.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in antifreeze and engine coolant formulations as a metal-protection additive.
1H-Benzotriazole helps inhibit corrosion of copper and brass in radiator and heat-exchanger circuits.
1H-Benzotriazole supports stable coolant performance by limiting metal-catalyzed degradation pathways.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in automotive and industrial heat-transfer fluids to protect copper-containing parts.
1H-Benzotriazole helps reduce pitting and discoloration on copper surfaces in thermal loops.
1H-Benzotriazole supports corrosion control in systems that combine aluminum, copper, and solder joints.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in metalworking fluids to protect copper alloys during machining and storage.
1H-Benzotriazole helps reduce staining on yellow metals in cutting and grinding emulsions.
1H-Benzotriazole supports better surface appearance on machined brass components.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in metal cleaning formulations to inhibit flash tarnish on copper after cleaning.
1H-Benzotriazole helps maintain bright surfaces during rinse and drying steps.
1H-Benzotriazole supports corrosion protection during temporary wet exposure.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in electroplating and metal finishing baths as a copper corrosion inhibitor.
1H-Benzotriazole helps reduce copper dissolution during pickling or acidic process steps.
1H-Benzotriazole supports improved finish quality by minimizing undercutting and staining.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in printed circuit board manufacturing to protect copper during processing.
1H-Benzotriazole helps inhibit copper oxidation between process stages.
1H-Benzotriazole supports better solderability by maintaining cleaner copper surfaces.

1H-Benzotriazole is used in electronics cleaning and flux-removal processes to reduce copper attack.
1H-Benzotriazole helps protect fine copper traces during aqueous cleaning.
1H-Benzotriazole supports reduced corrosion risk during post-cleaning drying.

DESCRIPTION

1H-Benzotriazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing three nitrogen atoms in a fused ring system.
1H-Benzotriazole is commonly abbreviated as BTA in industrial and laboratory contexts.
1H-Benzotriazole is typically supplied as a white to off-white crystalline solid.

1H-Benzotriazole shows strong affinity for copper surfaces and can form a protective coordination film.
1H-Benzotriazole reduces copper corrosion by limiting oxygen and ion transport at the metal interface.
1H-Benzotriazole performance depends on pH, dissolved oxygen, water chemistry, and surface condition.

1H-Benzotriazole has limited solubility in water but dissolves better in polar organic solvents and in alkaline solutions.
1H-Benzotriazole can be dosed via concentrates or blends to improve handling and solubilization.
1H-Benzotriazole can interact with surfactants, chelators, and other inhibitors in formulated systems.

1H-Benzotriazole is widely used to protect copper and copper alloys in cooling water and antifreeze formulations.
1H-Benzotriazole is especially valued in mixed-metal systems where copper ions can catalyze oxidation of fluids.
1H-Benzotriazole helps reduce tarnish and staining that can occur during wet exposure or storage.

1H-Benzotriazole can be used in electronics processing because copper oxidation can rapidly degrade performance.
1H-Benzotriazole can influence copper surface chemistry, so dosage control is important in precision processes.
1H-Benzotriazole films can be affected by oxidizers and strong acids, which may reduce inhibition performance.

1H-Benzotriazole is a fused aromatic triazole compound typically supplied as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder.
1H-Benzotriazole protects copper and copper alloys by adsorbing and forming a thin, adherent complex film that blocks corrosive species.
1H-Benzotriazole performance depends on pH, temperature, metal surface condition, and formulation ingredients, so dosage optimization is recommended for each system.

1H-Benzotriazole shows good effectiveness at low concentrations in many aqueous and solvent systems, but compatibility with oxidizers and strong acids should be evaluated.
1H-Benzotriazole can be used alone or in combination with other inhibitors such as tolyltriazole, benzoates, and phosphates to broaden metal coverage.
1H-Benzotriazole may reduce copper-catalyzed oxidation in oils by passivating copper surfaces and lowering catalytic activity.

1H-Benzotriazole should be stored in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry place away from moisture.
1H-Benzotriazole dust can irritate eyes and respiratory tract, so dust control and PPE are recommended during handling.
1H-Benzotriazole should be managed to prevent environmental release, and disposal should follow local regulations for chemical waste.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol
Common Name: 1H-Benzotriazole
Chemical Type: Aromatic triazole corrosion inhibitor
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Slight to none
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water (temperature dependent); soluble in many polar organic solvents
Melting Point: ~98–105°C (typical)
pKa: Weakly acidic triazole (typical)
Corrosion Protection: Strong copper and copper alloy passivation at low dosage
Thermal Stability: Stable under normal conditions; avoid excessive heat and strong oxidizers
pH Use Range: Effective across many neutral to mildly alkaline systems (application dependent)
Environmental Consideration: Avoid uncontrolled release; manage waste responsibly
Storage Temperature: 15–25°C, dry, tightly closed
Shelf Life: Typically 24–36 months in original sealed packaging (supplier dependent)

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air if dust is inhaled.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists.
Avoid breathing dust during handling and powder transfer.

Skin Contact:
Wash with soap and water after contact.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Seek medical advice if irritation develops or persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, then continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Seek medical attention if discomfort occurs or if a significant amount is swallowed.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote is required.
Provide supportive care based on exposure route and symptoms.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Use appropriate PPE including gloves and safety glasses, and use dust protection as needed.
Avoid generating dust and avoid inhalation of fine powder.
Wash hands after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust or general ventilation where dust may be generated.
Maintain good airflow during weighing, charging, and mixing operations.
Minimize airborne particulate accumulation in enclosed areas.

Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry place away from moisture.
Keep away from strong oxidizers and reactive chemicals.
Keep containers properly labeled and protected from contamination.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Avoid dust generation and sweep or vacuum using suitable equipment designed for fine powders.
Place collected material into suitable containers for disposal according to local regulations.
Clean the area with wet wiping if needed to remove residues and reduce airborne dust.

Handling Precautions:
Optimize dosage and pH conditions to maximize copper protection without affecting other system performance.
Confirm compatibility with other corrosion inhibitors, biocides, and additives to prevent precipitation or loss of performance.
Rotate stock using FIFO practices to maintain consistent quality and predictable corrosion-inhibition behavior.