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2-Ethylhexyl ester is an organic UV filter belonging to the cinnamate derivatives, used primarily in sunscreens and cosmetic formulations for its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is highly photostable and is often combined with other UV filters such as avobenzone to enhance the overall efficacy and durability of sunscreen formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl ester also functions as a UV stabilizer in plastics, polymers, and coatings, preventing yellowing, brittleness, and degradation under sunlight.
CAS Number: 5232-99-5
EC Number: 226-070-4
Molecular Formula: C24H23NO2
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Synonyms: Etocrylene, Etocrilene, Ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-, ethyl ester, Ethyl (diphenylmethylene) cyanoacetate, a-Cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylic acid ethyl ester, Ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, Ethyl α-cyano-β-phenylcinnamate, NSC-52678, CE 2, Uvinul N 35, UV Absorber-2, Viosorb 910, UV-3035, Etocrylene, Ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, COSING ref 33901, Ethyl cyano diphenyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl ester is an organic UV filter belonging to the family of cinnamate derivatives, used primarily in sunscreens and cosmetic formulations for its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is an oil-soluble compound that appears as a clear to pale yellow liquid.
2-Ethylhexyl ester has strong absorbance in the UVB region (280–320 nm), which helps prevent sunburn and protects skin from harmful UV-induced damage.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is recognized for its photostability and is often combined with other UV filters (such as avobenzone or octocrylene) to enhance overall sunscreen efficacy.
Beyond cosmetics, 2-Ethylhexyl ester can also function as a stabilizer in plastics and polymers, preventing degradation by UV light.
Due to its safety profile and effectiveness, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is regulated for use in personal-care products in several regions, though its permitted concentrations vary by jurisdiction.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is a synthetic organic UV filter (ethyl ester of 2‑cyano‑3,3‑diphenylacrylic acid) used mainly in sunscreen and cosmetic formulations to protect against UVB and short-wave UVA radiation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester absorbs UV light and dissipates the energy as heat via photoisomerization, providing photostable sun protection and helping stabilize other UV filters like avobenzone.
2-Ethylhexyl ester generally appears as an off-white to pale yellow powder or viscous liquid, depending on formulation grade.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is an organic compound primarily used as a UVB filter in sunscreens.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is known for its ability to absorb ultraviolet rays between 280–320 nm.
2-Ethylhexyl ester acts as a photostabilizer for more sensitive UV filters such as avobenzone.
2-Ethylhexyl ester has good solubility in oil-based cosmetic formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl ester contributes to water resistance in sun protection products.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is typically used in concentrations up to 3% in personal care products.
2-Ethylhexyl ester enhances the efficacy and shelf-life of sunscreens.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is suitable for use in a wide pH range, making it versatile in formulation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is considered a mild and non-irritating UV filter when used within limits.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is commonly found in both mass-market and premium skin care brands for sun protection.2-Ethylhexyl ester functions as a UV-absorbing ester with conjugated phenyl acrylate structure that efficiently blocks UVB and some short UVA wavelengths (max around ~300–320 nm).
2-Ethylhexyl ester is photostable, resisting degradation under sunlight exposure, which enhances the overall durability of sunscreen formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is lipophilic and oil‑soluble, practically insoluble in water, contributing to water resistance in sunscreen products.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is an organic sunscreen agent and UV filter belonging to the class of cinnamate derivatives, widely used in cosmetic and personal care formulations for its ability to absorb harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Chemically, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is structurally related to other ester-based UV filters such as octocrylene.
2-Ethylhexyl ester appears as a clear to pale yellow oily liquid with excellent solubility in cosmetic oils, esters, and other lipophilic ingredients.
Functionally, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is designed to absorb UVB radiation (wavelength range 280–320 nm) and partially UVA-II radiation, thereby reducing the penetration of these rays into the skin.
This prevents sunburn, erythema, photoaging, and DNA damage induced by UV exposure.
Compared to older UV filters, 2-Ethylhexyl ester exhibits relatively high photostability, meaning it does not readily degrade under sunlight.
This property makes 2-Ethylhexyl ester especially valuable when combined with less stable UV filters, as it helps stabilize and extend the protection profile of formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is widely incorporated into sunscreens, day creams, makeup products with SPF, and hair care formulations designed to prevent photodamage.
In addition to cosmetic applications, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is also used as a UV stabilizer in plastics, polymers, and coatings, where it prevents yellowing, brittleness, and structural degradation caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight.
From a regulatory perspective, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is approved for use as a UV filter in certain regions, but concentration limits vary depending on local cosmetic safety regulations.
2-Ethylhexyl ester's inclusion levels in formulations are carefully controlled to balance efficacy with safety.
In summary, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is a versatile, photostable UV filter that enhances the protective spectrum of sunscreens and prevents material degradation in industrial applications.
2-Ethylhexyl ester's dual role in personal care products and polymer stabilization makes it a commercially significant compound in both the cosmetic and chemical industries.
Market Overview of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
2-Ethylhexyl ester occupies a niche but important position in the global sunscreen and cosmetic UV filter market.
As consumer awareness of skin health, photoaging, and UV-induced skin cancers continues to rise, the demand for effective and photostable UV filters has steadily increased.
2-Ethylhexyl ester, due to its strong UVB absorption capacity (280–320 nm) and good photostability, is often used in combination with other filters to create broad-spectrum formulations in sunscreens, daily moisturizers, foundations with SPF, and hair-care products.
The global sunscreen ingredient market is expanding, driven by lifestyle changes, rising UV exposure awareness, and growth in emerging markets such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America, where sun protection products are increasingly incorporated into daily routines.
2-Ethylhexyl ester, though less common than filters like Octocrylene or Avobenzone, serves as an effective stabilizer and enhancer in formulations that target premium skincare and cosmetics.
Beyond cosmetics, 2-Ethylhexyl ester also finds applications as a UV stabilizer in plastics, coatings, and polymers, where it protects materials from photodegradation, discoloration, and brittleness.
This dual-use potential broadens 2-Ethylhexyl ester's commercial importance, particularly in industrial coatings, packaging, and automotive applications where long-term stability under sunlight exposure is critical.
The regulatory environment shapes the market outlook: approval and maximum concentration limits differ by region, with stricter frameworks in the EU and US compared to some Asian and South American countries.
While 2-Ethylhexyl ester remains approved and widely used, increasing global attention to environmental impact (especially marine ecosystems and coral reefs) and consumer demand for eco-friendly, reef-safe UV filters may influence its long-term market trajectory.
Overall, 2-Ethylhexyl ester is positioned as a supporting but valuable UV filter, balancing efficacy, stability, and cost-effectiveness, making it relevant in both the cosmetic/personal care industry and industrial UV stabilization markets.
Uses of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in sunscreen formulations as a UVB absorber.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in sun care products to enhance photostability of other UV filters.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is applied in broad-spectrum sunscreen creams for increased efficacy.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is incorporated into waterproof sunscreen lotions due to its oil-soluble nature.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in spray sunscreens for lightweight UV protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is included in baby sunscreens for mild and effective sun defense.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in daily moisturizers with SPF for added UVB protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in BB creams and tinted moisturizers for cosmetic UV protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in makeup foundations with sun-blocking properties.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is incorporated into lip balms with SPF for UV shielding.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in hair sprays to protect hair from sun damage.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is added to face primers with sun protection claims.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in men's grooming products such as aftershaves with SPF.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in body lotions designed for beachwear with UV protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is applied in facial mists with sun-blocking ingredients.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in pre-sun exposure skin preparations for enhanced protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is included in tanning oils with sun filters.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in facial sheet masks offering UV barrier support.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is applied in day creams to maintain photostability in active ingredients.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in anti-aging creams for protecting skin from photoaging.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is added to kids’ sun lotions for safe UV coverage.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in combination with avobenzone to stabilize its performance.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is incorporated into SPF-rated serums for everyday skincare.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in high-SPF sport sunscreens for prolonged protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in eye creams to defend delicate skin against UV rays.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is applied in sunscreens with antioxidant blends.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in facial cleansers for daily UV-preventive routines.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in UV-protective body sprays.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is included in foundation powders with SPF protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in scalp protection sprays for sun-exposed areas.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in travel-size sunscreen sticks for on-the-go use.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in natural-based sunscreens for enhancing UV defense.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is added to skincare emulsions that aim to fight sun-induced pigmentation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in UV-protective hand creams.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is incorporated in protective creams for outdoor workers.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in sunscreens for tattoo protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in formulas targeting prevention of sun-induced skin discoloration.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in dermatological formulations for UV-sensitive skin.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in beach body oils for tanning with protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in facial toners with SPF enhancement.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is added to children’s facial sunscreens for outdoor play.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in cosmetics marketed for mountain and snow conditions.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in face and body gels with rapid absorption and UV protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in SPF lipsticks and lip glosses.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in hand sanitizers with UV protection.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is included in foundations targeting hyperpigmentation prevention.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in facial oils with sun care features.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in UV-protective creams for post-chemical peel recovery.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is included in mineral sunscreens to support other filters.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in sunscreens formulated for water sports athletes.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used in sunscreen lotions, creams, sprays, and hair‑care products to provide UVB/UVA protection and improve SPF stability.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is commonly combined with photounstable filters like avobenzone, acting as a photostabilizer to extend their UV protection efficacy.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is found in nail polish and hair-care formulations to prevent UV-initiated discoloration or degradation of pigments and materials.
Cosmetics and Personal Care:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is widely applied as a UVB filter in sunscreens, day creams, lotions, and make-up products with SPF.
2-Ethylhexyl ester protects skin from sunburn, erythema, premature aging, and DNA damage caused by UV radiation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is incorporated into hair care products (shampoos, sprays, conditioners) to prevent photodamage, color fading, and structural weakening of hair fibers.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is often combined with other UV filters (e.g., Avobenzone, Octocrylene) to enhance photostability and broaden the UV absorption spectrum.
Industrial Applications:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is used as a UV stabilizer in plastics, coatings, adhesives, and polymers, where it prevents yellowing, brittleness, and loss of mechanical strength from prolonged sunlight exposure.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is applied in automotive coatings and packaging materials to extend product durability under UV radiation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester functions as a protective additive in industrial formulations where long-term stability against light degradation is required.
Specialty Applications:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is utilized in combination with other stabilizers in cosmetic formulations, ensuring long shelf life and resistance to UV-induced breakdown.
2-Ethylhexyl ester serves as a supporting ingredient in premium skincare products targeting consumers who demand photo-protection with minimal product degradation under sunlight.
Benefits of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Cosmetic and Personal Care Benefits:
2-Ethylhexyl ester provides effective UVB absorption, helping to prevent sunburn, erythema, and DNA damage.
2-Ethylhexyl ester enhances photostability of formulations by protecting less stable UV filters (e.g., Avobenzone) from degradation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester contributes to anti-aging effects by reducing photo-induced skin damage such as wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and loss of elasticity.
2-Ethylhexyl ester protects hair fibers and scalp against UV-induced structural weakening, dryness, and color fading.
Formulation and Technical Benefits:
2-Ethylhexyl ester improves formulation stability and shelf life by resisting breakdown under UV exposure.
2-Ethylhexyl ester allows formulators to achieve broad-spectrum sun protection when used in combination with UVA filters.
2-Ethylhexyl ester provides oil solubility, which makes it easy to incorporate into emulsions, creams, and sprays.
2-Ethylhexyl ester reduces formulation discoloration and maintains product aesthetics under sunlight.
Industrial Benefits:
2-Ethylhexyl ester prevents yellowing, brittleness, and loss of strength in plastics, coatings, and polymers.
2-Ethylhexyl ester extends the service life of automotive finishes, packaging, and outdoor materials exposed to sunlight.
2-Ethylhexyl ester serves as a cost-effective UV stabilizer in combination with other additives for industrial use.
Production of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Industrial Synthesis:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is synthesized through the esterification of 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid with 2-ethylhexanol (octanol derivative) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
2-Ethylhexyl ester results from a condensation reaction where fumaric or cinnamic acid analogs are functionalized with a cyano group and then esterified to produce the oil-soluble UV filter.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is manufactured under controlled conditions to ensure high purity, since impurities may affect photostability and cosmetic safety.
Raw Materials:
2-Ethylhexyl ester production uses key inputs such as benzaldehyde derivatives, cyanoacetic acid, and 2-ethylhexanol.
2-Ethylhexyl ester synthesis requires suitable solvents and acid catalysts (commonly sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid) to promote efficient esterification.
2-Ethylhexyl ester manufacturing incorporates purification steps including distillation and recrystallization to remove residual solvents and unreacted materials.
Industrial Scale:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is produced mainly by specialty chemical manufacturers supplying the cosmetics and polymer industries.
2-Ethylhexyl ester is typically supplied in bulk as an oil-soluble liquid UV filter for direct incorporation into formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl ester production facilities maintain strict quality control and safety standards due to the sensitivity of UV filters to degradation and the regulatory limits on impurities.
Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Formation of the Cyanoacrylic Intermediate:
2-Ethylhexyl ester synthesis begins with a Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde derivatives and cyanoacetic acid, producing 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid as the key intermediate.
2-Ethylhexyl ester pathway requires a basic catalyst such as piperidine or ammonium salts to promote condensation.
2-Ethylhexyl ester intermediate is obtained as a crystalline solid after purification.
Esterification Reaction:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is synthesized by esterifying 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic acid with 2-ethylhexanol (C₈ alcohol).
2-Ethylhexyl ester esterification uses an acid catalyst (e.g., sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, or strong mineral acids) under reflux conditions.
2-Ethylhexyl ester reaction proceeds with removal of water (Dean-Stark apparatus or azeotropic distillation) to drive the esterification equilibrium.
Purification:
2-Ethylhexyl ester product is purified by distillation under reduced pressure to eliminate residual alcohol and by-products.
2-Ethylhexyl ester final material is stabilized with antioxidants to prevent early photodegradation during storage.
2-Ethylhexyl ester yields typically reach high efficiency (70–85%) depending on reaction conditions and purity of precursors.
Industrial Finishing:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is formulated into liquid concentrates for cosmetic manufacturers and polymer producers.
2-Ethylhexyl ester production batches undergo quality control checks, including UV absorbance spectrum analysis, purity testing, and stability assays.
History of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
2-Ethylhexyl ester was developed in the late 20th century as part of a new generation of organic UV filters designed to improve upon the stability and solubility issues of earlier sunscreen agents.
2-Ethylhexyl ester emerged from research on cinnamate derivatives and cyanoacrylates, where chemists introduced a cyano group and bulky aromatic substituents to enhance UV absorption and photostability.
2-Ethylhexyl ester was introduced to the cosmetic industry in the 1980s–1990s, initially as a UVB filter with additional stabilizing properties for other sunscreen ingredients.
2-Ethylhexyl ester gained adoption in premium skincare and haircare products, especially in Europe and Asia, where daily photoprotection routines became more common.
2-Ethylhexyl ester later found use in the plastics and coatings industries as a UV stabilizer, preventing polymer degradation and extending product lifespan.
2-Ethylhexyl ester continues to be evaluated under modern cosmetic regulations (EU, FDA, ASEAN, etc.) for safety, environmental impact, and efficacy, ensuring its controlled use in consumer products.
Handling and Storage of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Handling:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Do not breathe vapors or mists.
Use only in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation.
Wear appropriate protective equipment (gloves, goggles, lab coat).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Protect from heat, direct sunlight, and sources of ignition.
Keep away from strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Stability and Reactivity of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Stability:
2-Ethylhexyl ester is stable under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
Reactivity:
2-Ethylhexyl ester may react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkali metals.
Thermal decomposition or combustion can produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and irritating organic vapors.
First Aid Measures of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact:
Wash immediately with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Get medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally.
Remove contact lenses if present.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Give plenty of water to drink and seek medical attention immediately.
Firefighting Measures of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Extinguishing Media:
Use carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical powder, or water spray.
Hazards:
Burning may release toxic fumes such as CO and CO₂.
Protective Equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Accidental Release Measures of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Personal Precautions:
Wear protective gloves, goggles, and suitable clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Avoid inhalation of vapors.
Spill Cleanup:
Absorb with inert material (sand, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite).
Place in a suitable container for disposal.
Wash spill area with water after cleanup.
Prevent entry into drains and waterways.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Engineering Controls:
Provide local exhaust or general ventilation to keep airborne levels low.
Personal Protection:
Respiratory:
Use an approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded.
Skin:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene).
Eyes:
Use safety goggles or face shield.
Body:
Wear protective clothing (lab coat, apron).
Hygiene Measures:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke when handling 2-Ethylhexyl ester.
Wash hands and face thoroughly after use.
Identifiers of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
CAS Number: 5232-99-5
EC Number (EINECS): 226-070-4
PubChem CID: 92947
UNII (FDA Unique Ingredient Identifier): Q94UVK43F2
ChemSpider ID: 83856
Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
CAS Number: 5232-99-5
EC Number (EINECS): 226-070-4
PubChem CID: 92947
ChemSpider ID: 83856
UNII (FDA): Q94UVK43F2
Beilstein Registry Number: 1898359
MDL Number: MFCD00022441
RTECS Number: Not established (cosmetic-use chemical, limited toxicology data)
InChI: InChI=1S/C24H23NO2/c1-3-5-10-18(6-4-2)17-27-23(26)21(16-25)22(19-11-7-13-20-12-8-14-24(19,20)9-15)19-11-7-13-20-12-8-14-24/h7-16,18H,3-6,17H2,1-2H3
InChI Key: RRNBIHJCKGDXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C(=C(C#N)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C34
Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 357.1729 g/mol
Exact Mass: 357.1733 g/mol
Properties of 2-Ethylhexyl Ester:
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow oily liquid
Odor: Practically odorless or faint characteristic odor
Physical State: Liquid (oil-soluble organic ester)
Taste: Not applicable (cosmetic/industrial use only)
Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Structure: Aromatic ester containing cyano and diphenyl groups, enhancing UV absorbance and photostability
Density: ~1.15 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Refractive Index: ~1.61 at 20 °C
Boiling Point: > 200 °C (decomposes)
Melting Point: Not well-defined; remains liquid at room temperature
Flash Point: > 100 °C (closed cup)
Viscosity: Moderate, oil-like at ambient temperature
Solubility in Water: Practically insoluble (< 0.01 g/L)
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Freely soluble in oils, esters, alcohols, and cosmetic emollients
Partition Coefficient (log P): ~6.0 (lipophilic)
Vapor Pressure: Very low at 25 °C (negligible volatility)
Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₁₅NO₂
Molecular Weight: ~281.3g/mol
Appearance: Off‑white crystalline powder or pale yellow viscous liquid
Odor: Mild or nearly odorless
Solubility: Insoluble in water (~4mg/L at 20°C); soluble in oils and organic solvents
UV Absorption Range: ~290–320 nm (UVB/short-wave UVA)
Photostability: Highly photostable; does not degrade significantly under UV exposure
Log P: High (lipophilic), supportive of water resistance in formulations
Stability: Chemically stable under ambient conditions; inert in typical cosmetic matrices
Storage Conditions: Store in sealed containers below 30 °C, protected from light and moisture
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow oily liquid
Odor: Faint, characteristic
State: Oil-soluble organic ester (non-crystalline, liquid at room temperature)
Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₃NO₂
Molecular Weight: 357.45 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 357.1729 g/mol
Exact Mass: 357.1733 g/mol
Chemical Class: Cinnamate derivative (cyano-substituted ester)
Functional Category: UV filter (UVB absorber), photostabilizer
Density: 1.14–1.16 g/cm³ at 20–25 °C
Refractive Index (nD20): 1.609–1.614
Boiling Point: ~215–220 °C at reduced pressure (decomposes before atmospheric boiling)
Melting Point: Liquid at room temperature (no sharp melting point)
Flash Point: ~ >100 °C (closed cup)
Viscosity: 600–800 mPa·s at 25 °C
Vapor Pressure: <1 × 10⁻⁶ hPa at 25 °C (very low volatility)
Surface Tension: ~36–40 mN/m (typical for ester-type liquids)
