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CAS Number: 50-21-5, 79-33-4, 10326-41-7
Chemical formula: C3H6O3
Molar mass: 90.078 g·mol−1
APPLICATIONS
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in some liquid cleaners as a descaling agent for removing hard water deposits such as calcium carbonate, forming the lactate, calcium lactate.
Owing to the high acidity of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, such deposits are eliminated very quickly, especially where boiling water is used, as in kettles.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid also is gaining popularity in antibacterial dish detergents and hand soaps replacing Triclosan.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, is the racemic isomer of lactic acid, the biologically active isoform in humans.
Further, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced during fermentation from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase.
This reaction, in addition to producing 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, also produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that is then used in glycolysis to produce energy source adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid appears as a colorless to yellow odorless syrupy liquid.
More to that, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used to make cultured dairy products, as a food preservative, and to make chemicals.
Moreover, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a metabolite found in the aging mouse brain.
Uses of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
Cleaning products for general household cleaning, which do not fit into a more refined category
General personal care products which do not fit into a more refined category
Bar and other solid soaps
Antiseptic and dental mouthwashes and rinses
Deodorants and antiperspirants
Miscellaneous products for application to feet, including scrubs, lotions, deodorants, and treatments for skin and nail problems
General moisturizing products which do not fit into a more refined category
Products specifically marketed for application to hands or body to moisturize or improve skin characteristics (excluding baby lotion)
General hair styling or hair care products which do not fit into a more refined category
Rinse-out everyday hair conditioners (excluding combo shampoo/conditioner products)
Leave-in everyday hair conditioners and detanglers
Spray fixatives for hair
Products for imparting hold, shine, or texture to hair
Make-up or cosmetic products
Chemical products for tanning, staining, or coloring the skin
Miscellaneous pet treatments (excluding pesticides and shampoos)
pH regulating agent
Preservative
Pure chemicals or ingredients
Plant growth regulator
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediates
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
Electrical and electronic products
Food Production
Fuels and related products
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
Polylactic acid for biodegradeable plastic and fibers.
Used as a raw material in making lactide which, in turn, is a monomer for PLA polymer.
Oil wells
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in products which are used as paint strippers for painted automotive parts.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used as a solvent and acidulant in the production of foods, drugs, and dyes.
Also, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used as a mordant in woolen goods printing, a soldering flux, a dehairing agent, and a catalyst for phenolic resins.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in leather tanning, oil well acidizing, and as a plant growth regulator.
The fastest growing use for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is its use as a monomer for the production of polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA).
Applications for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid include containers for the food and beverage industries, films and rigid containers for packaging, and serviceware (cups, plates, utensils).
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can also be spun into fibers and used in apparel, fiberfill (pillows, comforters), carpet, and nonwoven applications such as wipes.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in metal plating, cosmetics, and the textile and leather industry.
In dyeing baths, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used as mordant in printing woolen goods, solvent for water-insoluble dyes (alcohol-soluble induline, nigrosine, spirit-blue).
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is reducing chromates in mordanting wool.
Further, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used in manufacturing cheese, confectionery.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a component of babies' milk formulas; acidulant in beverages; for acidulating worts in brewing.
In preparation of sodium lactate injections, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a common ingredient of cosmetics.
Further, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a component of spermatocidal jellies.
Furthermore, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used for removing Clostridium butyricum in manufacturing of yeast; dehairing, plumping, and decalcifying hides.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a solvent for cellulose formate.
More to that, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is flux for soft solder.
Manufacturing lactates which are used in food products, in medicine, and as solvents. Plasticizer, catalyst in the casting of phenolaldehyde resins.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals.
Furthermore, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also present in liver, kidney, thymus gland, human amniotic fluid, and other organs and body fluids.
DESCRIPTION
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an organic acid.
More to that, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has a molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water.
When in the dissolved state, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid forms a colorless solution.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group.
Production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid includes both artificial synthesis as well as natural sources.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and in various biochemical industries.
The conjugate base of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is called lactate (or the lactate anion).
The name of the derived acyl group of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is lactoyl.
In solution, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can ionize by loss of a proton to produce the lactate ion CH
3CH(OH)CO−
Compared to acetic acid, pKa of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is 1 unit less, meaning 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid.
This higher acidity of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers
One is known as l-lactic acid, (S)-lactic acid, or (+)-lactic acid, and the other, its mirror image, is d-lactic acid, (R)-lactic acid, or (−)-lactic acid.
A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called dl-lactic acid, or racemic lactic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is hygroscopic.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point, which is about 16 to 18 °C.
d-Lactic acid and l-lactic acid have a higher melting point.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, although certain species of bacteria produce solely d-lactic acid.
On the other hand, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid produced by anaerobic respiration in animal muscles has the (l) enantiomer and is sometimes called "sarcolactic" acid, from the Greek "sarx" for flesh.
In animals, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues.
The concentration of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is usually 1–2 mM at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during intense exertion and as high as 25 mM afterward.
In addition to other biological roles, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor.
In industry, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria, which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose to lactic acid.
These bacteria can also grow in the mouth; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as caries.
In medicine, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is one of the main components of lactated Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution.
These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with lactate and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or burns.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, also known as D-lactate or D-milchsaeure, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. D-Lactic acid is a potentially toxic compound.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a useful research chemical.
PROPERTIES
Physical State: Very viscous Liquid
Appearance: No information available
Odor: pungent
Odor Threshold: No information available
pH: 2,8
Melting Point/Range: 18 °C / 64.4 °F
Boiling Point/Range: 122 °C / 251.6 °F @ 15 mmHg
Flash Point: 110 °C / 230 °F
Evaporation Rate: No information available
Flammability (solid,gas): Not applicable
Flammability or explosive limits:
Upper: No data available
Lower: No data available
Vapor Pressure: No information available
Vapor Density: No information available
Specific Gravity: 1.200
Solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient; n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition Temperature: No information available
Decomposition Temperature: No information available
Viscosity: No information available
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
Molecular Weight: 90.08
FIRST AID
Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention.
Skin Contact:
Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Obtain medical attention.
Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Obtain medical attention.
Ingestion:
Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water.
Most important symptoms and effects:
Causes severe eye damage.
Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Wear personal protective equipment.
Do not get ineyes, onskin, or on clothing.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Storage:
Keep containers of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place
SYNONYMS
(S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
L-(+)-Lactic acid
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (S)-
Lactic acid, L-
Espiritin
(S)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
(+)-Lactic acid
(S)-Lactic acid
(S)-(+)-Lactic acid
Paralactic acid
Sarcolactic acid
Tisulac
PH 90
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
PURAC
lactate2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
2-hydroxypropanoic acid
DL-Lactic acid
50-21-5
2-hydroxypropionic acid
Milk acid
lactate
Tonsillosan
Racemic lactic acid
Ordinary lactic acid
Polylactic acid
Ethylidenelactic acid
Lactovagan
Acidum lacticum
26100-51-6
2-Hydroxyropanoic acid, dl-
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Kyselina mlecna
Lacticum acidum
DL-Milchsaeure
(+/-)-Lactic acid
598-82-3
1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid
Aethylidenmilchsaeure
alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid
(RS)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure
FEMA No. 2611
Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova
Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Purac FCC 80
Purac FCC 88
CCRIS 2951
HSDB 800
(+-)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
Lurex
2-Hyroxypropanoic acid, tech grade
Propanoic acid, hydroxy-
SY-83
DL- lactic acid
NSC 367919
2-Hydroxypropionicacid
AI3-03130
MFCD00004520
HIPURE 88
NSC-367919
.alpha.-Hydroxypropanoic acid
.alpha.-Hydroxypropionic acid
(R)-2-Hydroxy-propionic acid;H-D-Lac-OH
INS NO.270
E 270
(+/-)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
CHEBI:78320
INS-270
Poly(L-lactide)
3B8D35Y7S4
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid USP
NCGC00090972-01
2-hydroxy-propionic acid
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (natural)
E-270
DSSTox_CID_3192
alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid
C01432
DSSTox_RID_76915
DSSTox_GSID_23192
Milchsaure [German]
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid [JAN]
Milchsaure
FEMA Number 2611
Kyselina mlecna [Czech]
Cheongin samrakhan
CAS-50-21-5
Cheongin Haewoohwan
Cheongin Haejanghwan
Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova [Czech]
EINECS 200-018-0
EINECS 209-954-4
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid [USP:JAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128929
BRN 5238667
lactasol
1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid
Biolac
UNII-3B8D35Y7S4
2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid
Lactide Polymer
Chem-Cast
L- Lactic acid
DL-Polylactic acid
Lactate (TN)
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid,buffered
4b5w
Propanoic acid, (+-)
(.+/-.)-Lactic acid
EC 200-018-0
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (7CI,8CI)
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (JP17/USP)
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, 85%, FCC
NCIOpen2_000884
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (+-)
DL-LACTIC ACID [MI]
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, unspecified form
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid [WHO-IP]
(RS)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (Fragrance Grade)
LACTICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
DL-Lactic Acid (90per cent)
CHEMBL1200559
DTXSID7023192
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, natural, >=85%
BDBM23233
L-lactic acid or dl-lactic acid
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, DL- [II]
DL-Lactic acid, ~90% (T)
DL-Lactic acid, AR, >=88%
DL-Lactic acid, LR, >=88%
DL- LACTIC ACID [WHO-DD]
HY-B2227
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- (9CI)
Tox21_111049
Tox21_202455
Tox21_303616
BBL027466
NSC367919
STL282744
AKOS000118855
AKOS017278364
Tox21_111049_1
ACIDUM LACTICUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
AM87208
DB04398
SB44647
SB44652
DL-Lactic acid, 85 % (w/w), syrup
Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,(.+/-.)-
NCGC00090972-02
NCGC00090972-03
NCGC00257515-01
NCGC00260004-01
26811-96-1
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, 1.0N Standardized Solution
DB-071134
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
CS-0021601
FT-0624390
FT-0625477
FT-0627927
FT-0696525
FT-0774042
L0226
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid solution, ACS reagent, >=85%
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid solution, USP, 88.0-92.0%
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid solution, p.a., 84.5-85.5%
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, meets USP testing specifications
D00111
A877374
DL-Lactic acid, SAJ first grade, 85.0-92.0%
Q161249
DL-Lactic acid, JIS special grade, 85.0-92.0%
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid solution, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 85%
F2191-0200
BC10F553-5D5D-4388-BB74-378ED4E24908
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Lactic acid 90%, synthetic, meets the analytical specifications of Ph. Eur.
152-36-3
(+)-Lactate
(+)-Lactic acid
(alpha)-Lactate
(alpha)-Lactic acid
(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoate
(S)-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
(S)-(+)-Lactic acid
(S)-2-hydroxy-Propanoate
(S)-2-hydroxy-Propanoic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxypropanoate
(S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxypropionate
(S)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
(S)-Lactate
(S)-Lactic acid
1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylate
1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid
1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylate
1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxypropanoate
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
2-Hydroxypropionate
a-Hydroxypropanoate
a-Hydroxypropanoic acid
a-Hydroxypropionate
a-Hydroxypropionic acid
alpha-Hydroxypropanoate
alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid
alpha-Hydroxypropionate
alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid
d-Lactic acid
Espiritin
hydroxypropionic acid
l-(+)- lactic acid
L-(+)-Lactic acid
L-2-Hydroxypropanoate
L-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
L-Lactate
l-lactic acid
Lactate2-Hydroxypropanoic acid2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, L-
Milk acid
Paralactic acid
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (S)-
Propel
Sarcolactic acid
Tisulac
(-)-Lactic acid
(R)-(-)-Lactic acid
D-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
D-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
D-Milchsaeure
D-Lactate
(-)-Lactate
(R)-(-)-Lactate
D-2-Hydroxypropanoate
D-2-Hydroxypropionate
(R)-2-Hydroxypropanoate
(R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
(R)-2-Hydroxypropionate
(R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
(R)-a-Hydroxypropionate
(R)-a-Hydroxypropionic acid
(R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionate
(R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid
(R)-Lactate
(R)-Lactic acid
D-(-)-Lactate
D-(-)-Lactic acid
delta-(-)-Lactate
delta-(-)-Lactic acid
delta-2-Hydroxypropanoate
delta-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
delta-2-Hydroxypropionate
delta-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
delta-Lactate
delta-Lactic acid
DLA
L-(+)-Lactate
2 Hydroxypropanoic acid
2 Hydroxypropionic acid
Ammonium lactate
L Lactic acid
2-Hydroxypropionic acid
D Lactic acid
Lactate, ammonium
