In addition, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) can be used to prevent daily-used cosmetic products from moldly and corrosion
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is widely used in industrial circulating water, algae-killing, paper pulp, paint, plastic, timber-cooling circulating water, and other industries as a bactericide.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as preservative for storing milk samples.
CAS Number: 52-51-7
EC Number: 200-143-0
MDL number: MFCD00007390
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4 / HOCH2CBr(NO2)CH2OH
SYNONYMS:
Bronopolum, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, Bronocot, Onyxide 500, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Bronosol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, β-Bromo-β-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, Bronopolu, Bronotak, Bioban, Bronidiol, Canguard 409, Lexgard bronopol, Myacide AS plus, Myacide BT, NSC 141021, Myacide Pharma BP, Bronopol 1g [52-51-7], Broken Ball, 2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (Bronopol), Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1), 2-BroMo -2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98% 25GR, Bronopol API, BNPK, Bronopol 1g [52-51-7], Broken Ball, 2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (Bronopol), Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1), 2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98% 25GR, Bronopol API, BNPK, 1,3-Propanediol,2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Bromo-2, 1,3-Propanediol-2-Bromo-2-Nitro, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, b-Bromo-b-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, Bronopol, Bronosol, Lexgard bronopol, Onyxide 500, 2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, bronocot, bronidiol, myacide as, Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-Bronopol, Bronopol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, Bronidiol, Bronocot, Bronopol, Bronopolu, Bronopolum, Bronosol, Bronotak, Lexgard bronopol, beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, BNPD, BNPK, Bronopol, bronopol, 52-51-7, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Bronosol, Bronocot, Bronidiol, Bronopolu, Bronotak, Lexgard bronopol, Onyxide 500, Bronopolum, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, Caswell No. 116A, MFCD00007390, beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, NSC 141021, Bronopolum [INN-Latin], HSDB 7195, EINECS 200-143-0, UNII-6PU1E16C9W, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400, NSC-141021, BRN 1705868, 6PU1E16C9W, DTXSID8024652, CHEBI:31306, AI3-61639, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, DTXCID904652, EC 200-143-0, C3H6BrNO4, NCGC00164057-01, Bronopolum (INN-Latin), BRONOPOL (MART.), BRONOPOL [MART.], Bronopolu [Polish], Bioban, Myacide AS, Myacide AS plus, Myacide BT, CAS-52-51-7, Bronopol [INN:BAN], Myacide Pharma BP, Canguard 409, BNPD, Nalco 92RU093, UN3241, Remain Silver, Remain Gold, Bronopol solution, Gold-Bloc, Soft Tuch, 2-Bronopol, Gil Sani-Guard, Bronopol Teat Dip, QM Gold, Ultra-Soft Barrier, 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol, 1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Medic Booster Barrier, Bronopol (JAN/INN), BRONOPOL [HSDB], BRONOPOL [INN], BRONOPOL [JAN], BRONOPOL [MI], BRONOPOL [VANDF], WLN: WNXE1Q1Q, 1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol), BRONOPOL [WHO-DD], SCHEMBL23260, TDX-84, Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix), CHEMBL1408862, SCHEMBL16556987, LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-, AMY8948, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid], ALBB-031641, HY-B1217, Tox21_112079, Tox21_300126, BDBM50248122, NSC141021, s4553, 2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol, AKOS003606838, CCG-213823, CS-4699, DB13960, AST Inc. PRO-4 BARRIER TEAT DIP, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400, NCGC00164057-02, NCGC00164057-03, NCGC00253984-01, AS-11889, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%, AST Inc. PRO-4 SANITIZING TEAT DIP, .beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, DB-027831, B1247, Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, NS00003792, SFP INC. TD-44 SANITIZING TEAT DIP, D01577, E85247, EN300-141420, SBI-0653499.0001, AB01563195_01, A829125, SR-01000944249, Q-200765, Q2462902, SR-01000944249-1, BRD-K33457401-001-01-1, SFP INC. TD-44 BARRIER SANITIZING POST TEAT DIP, InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2, bronopol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, bronosol, bronocot, bronidiol, bronopolu, bronotak, 1,3-propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro, onyxide 500, lexgard bronopol, Bronopol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, BNPD, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, BNPK, beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, Biozid, BNPD, Bronidiol, Bronopol, 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-diol, Bronopol, b-Bromo-b-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, 2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bronopol, -Bromo-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, Bioban, Bronidiol, Bronocot, Bronopo, Bronotak, Canguard 409, Myacide AS, Myacide AS Plus, Myacide PharmaBP, N 25 (antimicrobial), NSC 141021, Nalco 92RU093, Preventol P 100, Protectol BN 98, Protectol BN 99, Ultra-Fresh SAB, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, Acticide L 30, BE 6, BE 6 (bactericide), BNPD, BNPK, Bactrinashak, Bactrinol 100, Bactronol, Bioban, Bioban BP Plus, Bronidiol, Bronocot, Bronotak, Busan 1144, Canguard 409, Bronopol, Bronopol 0, Broken Ball, Bronopol BNPD, Bioban BNPD-40, 3-diol (Bronopol), 2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 3-Propanediol,2-bromo-2-nitro-1, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-1-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1), 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, Acticide L 30, BE 6, BE 6 (bactericide), BNPD, BNPK, Bactrinashak, Bactrinol 100, Bactronol, Bioban, Bioban BP Plus, Bronidiol, Bronocot, Bronotak, Busan 1144, Canguard 409, Myacide AS, Myacide AS Plus, Myacide BT, Myacide Pharma BP, N 25, N 25 (antimicrobial), NSC 141021, Nalco 92RU093, Onyxide 500, Preventol P 100, Protectol BN 98, Protectol BN 99, Pyceze, Topcide 2520, Ultra-Fresh SAB
While 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is an organic compound which is used as an antimicrobial.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol), also known as Bronopol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial and preservative.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) then became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
The first cited synthesis of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol).
1st applications of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Thanks to 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol)'s low mammalian toxicity (at in-use levels) and high activity against bacteria (especially the troublesome Gram-negative species), 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) appears as white crystals. 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a nitro compound.
Bronopol, or 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol), is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) (INN; chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) was in 1897.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.
USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
Pharmaceutical usage: 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is indicated for use as a over-the-counter, industrial, or commercial antibacterial agent.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems Bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is widely used in industrial circulating water, biocide,germicide, paper pulp, paint, plastic, timber-cooling circulating water and other industries .
In addition, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) can be used to prevent daily-used cosmetic products from moldly and corrosion
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is widely used in industrial circulating water, algae-killing, paper pulp, paint, plastic, timber-cooling circulating water, and other industries as a bactericide.
In addition, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) can be used to prevent daily-used cosmetic products from moldy and corrosion.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a kind of broad spectrum antimicrobial agent for cosmetics, adhesives, coatings, paints, starch, pigment and extender slurries, latex, inks, pharmaceuticals, cooling towers, metalworking fluids, etc.
The use of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as preservative for storing milk samples.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as a bactericide, in seed treatment for control of Xanthomonas malvacearum, as a foliar spray for control of a wide range of plant-pathogenic bacteria (especially Erwinia amylovora), in antiseptics and as a preservative in cosmetics, cooling fluids, hand & face creams, shampoos, hair dressings, mascaras, cleansing lotions, milk sampling, paints, textiles, humidifiers, pharmaceutical products, washing detergents
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a chemical compound of bromine and an antimicrobial substance.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals, as well as numerous consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is also used as an antimicrobial in many industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol)'s use is declining due to its recognized potential to decompose into carcinogenic nitrosamines.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is also a formaldehyde release.
Medication use: 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is indicated for use as an over-the-counter, industrial or commercial antibacterial agent.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as an effective preservative in consumer products and also in a wide variety of industrial applications (virtually every industrial water system is a potential medium for bacterial growth - leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems Bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s, potentially due to nitrosamine formation.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.
Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as in a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
While 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines (due to the toxicity of these substances, the term 'significant' means levels as low as tens of parts per billion).
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
*Appearance:
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
*Melting point
As a pure material, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.
*Solubility
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.
*Partition coefficient
Study of the solubility data shows that 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) has a high affinity for polar rather than non-polar environments.
In two-phase systems, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) partitions preferentially into the polar (usually aqueous) phase.
*Stability in aqueous solution
In aqueous solutions, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is most stable when the pH of the system is on the acid side of neutral.
Temperature also has a significant effect on stability in alkaline systems.
*Degradation
Under extreme alkaline conditions, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.
Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) .
Other decomposition products detected after 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
PRODUCTION OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.
SOLUBILITY OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.
RESOLUTION OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.
Explanation:
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is an organic compound used as an antimicrobial.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is a white solid, although commercial samples appear yellow.
PRODUCTION OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is made by bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane derived from nitromethane via a nitroaldol reaction.
World production has increased recently due to 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol)'s wide usage.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is mainly produced in mainland China.
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) mediated an inhibitory activity against a variety of Gram-negative and positive bacteria.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol)'s bactericidal activity against Gram-positive cocci was reported to be greater than against Gram-negative bacteria.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) has also been shown to be effective against a variety of fungal species, but the inhibitory effect was reported to be minimal compared to bacterial species.
The inhibitory activity of 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) decreases with increasing pH.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) also elicits an anti-protozoal activity as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) has been suggested that bronchodilators affect the survival of all free-living stages of I. multifiliis.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is widely used in industrial circulating water, biocide, micropile, pulp, paint, plastic, lumber-cooling circulating water and other industries.
In addition, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) can be used to protect daily-used cosmetics from mold and corrosion.
MOVEMENT MECHANISM OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
It is believed that 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) can produce biocide-induced bacteriostasis, followed by an inhibited growth rate within the bacteria, via 2 distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell.
Under aerobic conditions, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups such as cysteine to disulfides.
This reaction is accompanied by rapid oxygen consumption, with oxygen acting as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) to exert direct bactericidal activity.
Oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving intracellular thiol oxidation to the disulfide of glutathione.
The resulting effects are inhibition of enzyme function and reduced growth rate following a bacteriostatic period.
Under anoxic conditions, the reaction between the thiol and 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is slowed without oxygen uptake, and bronopol consumption predominates.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is eventually removed from the reaction by consumption, and bacterial growth resumes.
PROPERTIES OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
*Appearance –
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow depending on the material grade offered.
*Melting Point –
As a pure material, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) has a melting point of about 130℃.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100~105℃, and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140℃, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) will decompose exothermically, releasing Hydrogen bromide and oxides of Nitrogen.
*Solubility –
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is readily soluble in water, although the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
It is believed that 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is able to generate biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via 2 distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell.
Under aerobic conditions, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, like cysteine, to disulfide.
This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) to exert direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.
The resulting effects are inhibition of enzyme function, and reduced growth rate following the bacteriostatic period.
Under the anoxic conditions, the reaction between thiol and 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) decelerates without the involvement of oxygen and the consumption of bronopol predominates.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is ultimately removed from the reaction via consumption and resumption of bacterial growth occurs.
WHERE IS 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL) FOUND?
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products, and topical medications.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is used as an anti-infective, an antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide, and a wood preservative.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is reportedly very effective against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.
PRODUCTION OF 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
Bronopol (2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol) BP is made by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction. World production increased recently because of its wide usage area.
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol (Bronopol) is mainly produced in mainland, China.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
Chemical formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molar mass: 199.988 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.1 g/cm3
Melting point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Boiling point: 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) (decomposes)
Formula: HOCH2CBr(NO2)CH2OH / C3H6O4BrN
Molecular mass: 200
Melting point: 120-122°C
Relative density (water = 1): 1.9
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 23°C: 28 (freely soluble)
Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: <0.01
Flash point: 167°C
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 0.18
molecular formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular weight: 199.98800
Appearance and properties: white to slightly yellow crystals or crystalline powder
Density: 1.91 g/cm3
Boiling point: 358ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Flash point: 167°C
Refractive index: 1.574
Water solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
Assay: 99 - 101%
pH (1% aq. solution): 5.0 to 7.0
Melting Point: 128 - 131°C
Sulphated Ash: max. 0.1%
Water (KF): max. 0.5%
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: 130 - 133 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 100 °C
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 1 hPa at 20 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 1,9 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Water solubility: 286 g/l at 20,2 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 0,22 at 24 °C
Autoignition temperature: does not ignite
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Surface tension: 72 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Appearance: white crystalline (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 131.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 358.00 to 359.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 339.00 °F. TCC ( 170.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.150 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.50E+05 mg/L @ 22 °C (exp)
Density: 2.018 g/cm3
LogP: -0.13790
Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 °C) in water
Melting Point: 130- 133°C
Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Boiling Point: 358 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 199.989
Flash Point: 170.3 °C
Appearance: off-white crystalline powder
CAS NO:52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.99EINECS: 200-143-7
Mol File: 52-51-7.mol
Melting Point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 358 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 167°C
Appearance: White to yellow/Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
Vapor Pressure: 1.45E-06mmHg at 25°C
Refractive Index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Storage Temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: H2O: soluble
100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
PKA: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases,
strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydri
Merck: 14,1447BRN: 1705868
CAS DataBase Reference: 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol(52-51-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol(52-51-7)
Linear Formula: HOCH2C(Br)(NO2)CH2OH
CAS Number: 52-51-7
Molecular Weight: 199.99
Beilstein: 1705868
EC Number: 200-143-0
MDL number: MFCD00007390
Chemical formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molar mass: 199.988 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.1 g/cm3
Melting point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Boiling point: 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) (decomposes)
Melting point: 130-133 °C (light)
Flash point: 167 °C
Solubility: H2O: soluble 100mg/mL, clear, Colorless to pale yellow
Airdrop Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Colour: White Yellow
Water solubility: 25g / 100mL (22ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases,
strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
Melting Point: 125 - 132 Deg C
Water: <0.5%
pH: 5 - 7
Assay: 99% min
Sulfated ash: <0.1%
Appearance: White/ off white crystalline powder
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
Assay: 99 - 101%
pH (1% aq. solution): 5.0 to 7.0
Melting Point: 128 - 131°C
Sulphated Ash: max. 0.1%
Water (KF): max. 0.5%
Characteristics: White or almost white crystalline powder
Identification: Ir Positive
Melting Point, °C: 123-131
Acidity (1% W/V): pH 5.0-7.0
Related Substances: GC
Loss on Drying, %: 0.5 Max.
Sulphated Ash, %: 0.1 Min.
Granular: 20mesh: 90% Pass, 10mesh: 95% Pass
Assay, %: 99.0-101.0
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
Assay: 99 - 101%
pH (1% aq. solution): 5.0 to 7.0
Melting Point: 128 - 131°C
Sulphated Ash: max. 0.1%
Water (KF): max. 0.5%
CAS No.: 52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
InChIKeys: InChIKey=LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 199.98800
Exact Mass: 199.99
EC Number: 200-143-0
UNII: 6PU1E16C9W
ICSC Number: 0415
NSC Number: 141021
UN Number: 3241
DSSTox ID: DTXSID8024652
Color/Form: White crystalline powder
Crystals from ethyl acetate-chloroform
PSA: 86.28000
XLogP3: -0.13790
Appearance: 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol appears as white crystals.
Ignite easily and burn readily.
May detonate under strong shock.
Decomposes when heated, evolving toxic gases.
Density: 1.1 g/cm3
Melting Point: 131.5 °C
Boiling Point: 358ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 170.3ºC
Refractive Index: 1.574
Water Solubility: H2O: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Storage Conditions: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from
Vapor Pressure: Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C:
Odor: Odorless
Henrys Law Constant: Henry's Law constant = 1.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties: Stable at room temperature, high temperature, and in sunlight
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions: Water soluble.
Reactive Group: Alcohols and Polyols
CAS Number: 52-51-7
Formula: HOCH2C(Br)(NO2)CH2OH
Molecular Weight: 199.99
Purity: 98%
Appearance: White crystals
Availability: In Stock
Storage Conditions: Room temperature
FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-NITRO-2-BROMO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL (BRONOPOL):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available