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2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an organic chemical compound, a glycol ether often used in dermatological products such as skin creams and sunscreen.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless oily liquid.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a bactericide (usually used in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds).
CAS: 122-99-6
MF: C8H10O2
MW: 138.16
EINECS: 204-589-7
Synonyms
Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether Phenyl Cellosolve Phenyl Glycol;ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOPHENYL ETHER FOR SYN;(2-Hydroxyethoxy)benzene;PhG;Protectol PE;ACETONITRILE ACS GRADE;beta-Phenoxyethanol;beta-phenoxyethanol[qr];Ethanol,2-phenoxy-;2-Phenoxyethanol;Arosol;Dowanol EP;Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether;β-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether;1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane;Phenoxethol;Phenoxetol;Phenoxyethyl alcohol;Phenyl cellosolve;Phenoxyethanol;2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether;β-Phenoxyethyl alcohol;β-Phenoxyethanol;2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol;Ethylene glycol phenyl ether;Dalpad A;Dowanol EPh;H 4644;Newpol EFP;(2-Hydroxyethoxy)benzene;Rokafenol F 1;Plastilit DS 3431;PHE-G;Phenova;PHE;PHE (alcohol);PHE-S;NSC 1864;Sepicide LD;Hisolve EPH;Emeressence 1160;Euxyl PE 90120;Agrisol PX 401;Ultrasolve P 240A;PhG;RGP 55;Protectol PE;Glycol Ether EPh;Phenyl Glycol;JS-EPh;NEOLONE PH 100;HYSOLVE EPH;Kafurekuto PE 1;Phenoxyethanol SP;Acticide PHE;37220-49-8;56257-90-0;1020398-73-5
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used in many applications such as cosmetics, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is functionally related to a phenol.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5OC2H4OH.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless oily liquid. It can be classified as a glycol ether and a phenol ether.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a common preservative in vaccine formulations.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has a faint rose-like aroma.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is functionally related to a phenol.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol)is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Density 1.02 g / cm3. An irritant.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) derives from a phenol.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a glycol ether used as a perfume fixative, insect repellent, antiseptic, solvent, preservative, and also as an anesthetic in fish aquaculture.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an ether alcohol with aromatic properties.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is both naturally found and manufactured synthetically.
Demonstrating antimicrobial ability, 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) acts as an effective preservative in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol), or PE, is the most commonly used globally-approved preservative in personal care formulations.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is very easy to use in various types of formulations and is chemically stable.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless, clear, oily liquid with a faint aromatic odor at room temperature and a low water solubility and evaporation rate.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is produced by reacting phenol (EU) and ethylene oxide (EU) at a high temperature and pressure.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) occurs naturally in green tea (EU).
According to the European Union Cosmetics Regulation (EC) n.1223/2009, phenoxyethanol is authorized as a preservative in cosmetic formulations at a maximum concentration of 1.0%. 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has been classified as an antimicrobial and preservative by Health Canada.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has also been used in vaccines and shown to inactivate bacteria, and several types of yeast.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11-13 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 247 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.102 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.539
FEMA: 4620 | 2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: soluble, clear, colorless to very faintly yellow
pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 1.109 (20/4℃)
Odor: Faint aromatic odor
PH Range: 7 at 10 g/l at 23 °C
PH: 7 (10g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Explosive limit: 1.4-9.0%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 30 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7257
BRN: 1364011
InChIKey: QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.2 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 122-99-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol)(122-99-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) (122-99-6)
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint pleasant odor and burning taste.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a tried-and-tested preservative, which is welltolerated by the skin and has a low allergy risk.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) can be used over a wide pH range.
This means that other preservatives can lose their effectiveness if the product is not within the right pH range.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) does not smell unpleasant or change the color of the product, which can be the case when using natural antimicrobial substances.
History and synthesis
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) was first prepared by W. H. Perkin Jr. and his graduate student Edward Haworth in 1896.
They reacted sodium, phenol and 2-chloroethanol in anhydrous ethanol.
Starting from the 1920s, 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has been commercially available as a cellulose acetate solvent under the trademark of "Phenyl cellosolve".
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is produced in the industry by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides.
Uses
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a broad-range preservative with fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, and germicidal properties.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has a relatively low sensitizing factor in leave-on cosmetics.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) can be used in concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0 percent, and in combination with other preservatives such as sorbic acid or parabens.
In addition, 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a solvent for aftershaves, face and hair lotions, shampoos, and skin creams of all types.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) can be obtained from phenol.
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether at a 1.0% level acts as a preservative in personal care products.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a preservative used in consumer and health care products, including vaccines, pen inks, ear drops, shampoos, skin cleansers, moisturizers, sun care products, and topical medicaments.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) also contains 2-phenoxyethanol, in combination with methyldibromoglutaronitrile.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is commonly used in cosmetics for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is increasingly being used in vaccines as a substitute for thiomersal and is also a component of pen inks and, more rarely, ear drops.Reactions to phenoxyethanol have rarely been reported.
Three cases of CoU induced by phenoxyethanol in cosmetics have been reported.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a single agent and in combination with other preservatives such as 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane (Euxyl K 400) and parabens, or in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds.
The possibility of immunological IgE-mediated reaction could not be confirmed because specific IgE against 2-phenoxyethanol was negative.
Antimicrobial preservative; also used topically in treatment of bacterial infections.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has germicidal and germistatic properties.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.
In Japan and the European Union, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) can be used in water mixable lubricants, in paints and varnishes as coalescing agent and as a modifier in melamine formaldehyde resins
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a solvent in ball pen and printing inks.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a striping agent and in the surface treatment of metals as degreaser.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol)'s biostatic abilities is often used in combination with other actives to preserve metal working fluids, glues and industrial adhesives
Pharmaceutical Applications
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical formulations at a concentration of 0.5–1.0%; it may also be used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent for vaccines.
Therapeutically, a 2.2% solution or 2.0% cream has been used as a disinfectant for superficial wounds, burns, and minor infections of the skin and mucous membranes.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) has a narrow spectrum of activity and is thus frequently used in combination with other preservatives.
Industrial uses
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations at a maximum concentration of 1.0%.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a broad spectrum preservative which has excellent activity against a wide range of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, yeast and mould.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is also used as a solvent and, because of its properties as a solvent, it is used in many blends and mixtures with other preservatives.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is not registered as a food additive in the EU.
Scognamiglio et al. reported that 2-phenoxyethanol is a fragrance ingredient used in many fragrance mixtures (see discussion).
An ester of 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol), 2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate and 2-Phenoxyacetic acid, the main metabolite of 2-Phenoxyethanol, were mentioned in a WHO publication where 43 flavouring agents in food were evaluated, however at intakes assessed to be very low in Europe.
Side effects
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless or straw-colored oily liquid with slight solubility in water but soluble in ethanol and is used as an immersion anesthetic.
This agent has bactericidal and fungicidal properties and has been used as a topical anesthetic.
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) can provide deep stages of anesthesia and is relatively inexpensive.
Nevertheless, it has no other significant advantages over other drugs.
Using 2-phenoxyethanol can elicit several side effects, such as decreased respiratory and heart rate, reduced blood pressure and blood oxygenation, alterations of blood parameters, and elevated plasma levels of adrenaline, glucose, and cortisol, as shown in bighead carp.
In addition, sustained and prolonged exposure to 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol (Phenoxyethanol) can cause neuropsychological syndrome in handlers.
