2-PROPENOIC ACID

EC / List no.: 201-177-9
CAS no.: 79-10-7
Mol. formula: C3H4O2

2-propenoic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. 
2-propenoic acid is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. 
This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. 
2-propenoic acid is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform.
More than a million tons are produced annually.

History
The word "acrylic" was coined in 1843, for a chemical derivative of acrolein, an acrid-smelling oil derived from glycerol.

Production
2-propenoic acid is produced by oxidation of propylene, which is a byproduct of the production of ethylene and gasoline:

2 CH2=CHCH3 + 3 O2 → 2 CH2=CHCO2H + 2 H2O
Historical methods
Because 2-propenoic acid and its esters have long been valued commercially, many other methods have been developed. Most have been abandoned for economic or environmental reasons.

This method requires nickel carbonyl, high pressures of carbon monoxide, and acetylene, which is relatively expensive compared to propylene.

2-propenoic acid was once manufactured by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile, a material derived from propene by ammoxidation, but this route was abandoned because it cogenerates ammonium side products, which must be disposed of. 
Other now abandoned precursors to 2-propenoic acid include ethenone and ethylene cyanohydrin.

Research
Propane is a significantly cheaper raw material than propylene, so one alternative route being explored is the one-step selective oxidation of propane

Carboxylating ethylene to 2-propenoic acid under supercritical carbon dioxide condition is thermodynamically possible, but efficient catalysts have not been developed
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP), an acrylic-acid precursor by dehydration, can be produced from sugars, but the process is not competitive.[9][10]

Reactions and uses
2-propenoic acid undergoes the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid. When reacted with an alcohol, it forms the corresponding ester. The esters and salts of 2-propenoic acid are collectively known as acrylates (or propenoates). The most common alkyl esters of 2-propenoic acid are methyl, butyl, ethyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

2-propenoic acid and its esters readily combine with themselves (to form poly2-propenoic acid) or other monomers (e.g. acrylamides, acrylonitrile, vinyl compounds, styrene, and butadiene) by reacting at their double bond, forming homopolymers or copolymers, which are used in the manufacture of various plastics, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, as well as floor polishes and paints.

2-propenoic acid is used in many industries like the diaper industry, the water treatment industry or the textiles industry.
On a worldwide scale the consumption rate of 2-propenoic acid is projected to reach more than an estimated 8,000 kilotons, by 2020. 
This increase is expected to occur as a result of using this product in new applications, including personal care products, detergents and products that are used for adult incontinence.

Substituents
As a substituent 2-propenoic acid can be found as an acyl group or a carboxyalkyl group, depending on the removal of the group from the molecule.

More specifically, these are:

The acryloyl group, with the removal of the −OH from carbon-1.
The 2-carboxyethenyl group, with the removal of a −H from carbon-3. 
This substituent group is found in chlorophyll.

Uses:    
Starting material for acrylates and polyacrylates used in plastics, water purification, paper and cloth coatings, and medical and dental materials.

Basic Information
2-propenoic acid (AAc, IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus with the formula CH2=CHCO2H which is a colorless liquid above its freezing point of 13°C ( 56°F) with a distinctive acrid odor. 
2-propenoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue and prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. 
If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur because the polymerizaiton of 2-propenoic acid is exothermic. 
The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) can greatly reduce the tendency to polymerize. 
2-propenoic acid is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone, but incompatible with strong oxidisers, strong bases, strong alkalies and pure nitrogen. 
2-propenoic acid may polymerize (sometimes explosively) when contacting with amines, ammonia, oleum and chlorosulfonic acid, iron salts and peroxides.

Preparation methods`    
2-propenoic acid can be prepared in different ways, for example as follows:
The easiest way to prepare pure 2-propenoic acid in the laboratory is to exchange the ester of formic acid and readily available methyl acrylate. 
Sulfuric acid is a good catalyst.
CH2=CHCOOCH3 +HCOOH → CH2=CHCOOH+HCOOCH3

Acrolein can be oxidized in the liquid phase at 20-40℃ with silver or vanadium as the catalyst and methoxybenzene as the solvent which glacial acetic acid is more commonly used. 
2-propenoic acid has been reported that the yield of 2-propenoic acid can reach 65-90% based on the consumption of acrolein.
CH2=CHCHO+ 1⁄2 O2 → CH2=CHCOOH

A mixture of water and 2,3 dibromopropionic acid is treated with zinc powder can obtain an aqueous solution of 2-propenoic acid with a yield of 90%.
CH2BrCHBrCOOH +Zn → CH2=CHCOOH+ZnBr2

2-propenoic acid also can be obtained by pyrolyzing sec-butyl acrylate at 500℃, or pyrolyzing ethyl acrylate at 570℃.
CH2=CHCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3 → CH2=CHCOOH+CH3CH=CHCH3

At 200-300℃, 2-propenoic acid can be obtained by passing carbon dioxide and ethylene through the silica gel impregnated with iron sulfite.
CH2=CH2+CO2→CH2=CHCOOH

    
2-propenoic acid is a carboxylic acid, of which the primary use is in the production of acrylic esters. 
2-propenoic acid has been traditionally used as the raw material for acrylic esters – methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate which were originally used to produce solvent-based acrylic resins but environmental concerns about solvent use led to the development of water-based acrylics. 
2-propenoic acid can readily react with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds which results in it’s considered as a very useful feedstock to manufacture many low molecular compounds, such as propionic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, heterocyclic compounds, and Diels-Alder addition products.
As a vinyl compound and a carboxylic acid, 2-propenoic acid is used widely for polymerisation, including production of polyacrylates. 
2-propenoic acid is also a monomer for polyacrylic and polymeth2-propenoic acids and other acrylic polymers.
2-propenoic acid and esters are flammable, reactive, volatile liquids based on an alpha-, beta-unsaturated carboxyl structure. 
Incorporation of varying percentages of acrylate monomers permits the production of many formulations for latex and solution copolymers, copolymer plastics and cross-linkable polymer systems. 
Their performance characteristics—which impart varying degrees of tackiness, durability, hardness, and glass transition temperatures—promote consumption in many end-use applications. Major markets for the esters include surface coatings, textiles, adhesives, and plastics.
Poly2-propenoic acid which produced by 2-propenoic acid can be further modified to produce superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and other poly2-propenoic acid homopolymers or copolymers used as detergents, dispersants/antiscalants, anionic polyelectrolytes for water treatment, and rheology modifiers.
SAPs are cross-linked polyacrylates with the ability to absorb and retain more than 100 times their own weight in liquid. 
They have experienced very strong growth, primarily in baby diapers (nappies) and incontinence products.
A new application for SAPs is soaker pads used in food packaging. 
In 2007, the US Food and Drug Adminstration authorised SAPs in packaging with indirect food contact for poultry, meat, fish, fruit and vegetables.
Crude 2-propenoic acid (CAA) is made by the oxidation of propylene. 
About 55% of the CAA is converted to acrylate esters. 
The remaining 45% is purified to 98–99.5% purity to glacial 2-propenoic acid (GAA), which, in turn, is converted to poly2-propenoic acid, which is used to produce superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and other poly2-propenoic acid copolymers. 
In 2016, global glacial 2-propenoic acid consumption was estimated to account for about 45% of total crude 2-propenoic acid consumption, of which 79% was consumed for superabsorbent polymers. 
Growth in GAA consumption is forecast at about 5% per year during 2016?21. 
Growth in demand for crude 2-propenoic acid is forecast at 4.5% per year during 2016?21, driven by growth in superabsorbent polymers at 5.5% and acrylate esters at about 4%. 
SAP growth will be strongest in China and other areas of Asia, but will be much more moderate in the mature regions of North America, Western Europe, and Japan[8].

Chemical Properties    
colourless liquid with an acrid odour
2-propenoic acid is a colorless, flammable, and corrosive liquid or solid (below 13 C) with an irritating, rancid, odor. 
Sinks and mixes with water; irritating vapor is produced.

Uses:    
An antibacterial agent.
Usually used in preparing monodispersed poly (N-isopropylacryamide) (PNIPAM)/AAc microgels.And also used primarily as an intermediate in the production of acrylates.

In the manufacture of plastics.
2-propenoic acid is produced by oxidation of acrolein or hydrolysis of acrylonitrile. 
2-propenoic acid is used in the manufacture of plastics; in paints, polishes, and adhesives; and as coatings for leather.
Uses    2-propenoic acid undergoes the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid and, when reacted with an alcohol, it will form the corresponding ester. 
The esters and salts of 2-propenoic acid are collectively known as acrylates (or propenoates). 
The most common alkyl esters of 2-propenoic acid are methyl-, butyl-, ethyl-, and 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate.

2-propenoic acid and its esters readily combine with themselves (to form poly2-propenoic acid) or other monomers (e.g. acrylamides, acrylonitrile, vinyl, styrene, and butadiene) by reacting at their double bond, forming homopolymers or copolymers which are used in the manufacture of various plastics, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, as well as floor polishes, and paints.

Production Methods    
2-propenoic acid is produced from propene which is a by product of ethylene and gasoline production. CH2=CHCH3 + 1.5 O2→ CH2=CHCO2H + H2O Because 2-propenoic acid and its esters have long been valued commercially, many other methods have been developed but most have been abandoned for economic or environmental reasons. 
An early method was the hydrocarboxylation of acetylene ("Reppe chemistry") : HCCH + CO + H2O → CH2=CHCO2H This method requires nickel carbonyl and high pressures of carbon monoxide. 
2-propenoic acid was once manufactured by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile which is derived from propene by ammoxidation, but was abandoned because the method cogenerates ammonium derivatives. 
Other now abandoned precursors to 2-propenoic acid include ethenone and ethylene cyanohydrin.

Definition    
An unsaturated liquid carboxylic acid with a pungent odor. 
The acid and its esters are used to make ACRYLIC RESINS.

General Description    
2-propenoic acid is a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor. 
Flash point 130°F.
Boiling point 286°F. 
Freezing point 53°F. 

2-propenoic acid is a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor. Flash point 130°F. Boiling point 286°F.
Freezing point 53°F. 
Corrosive to metals and tissue. 
Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. 
If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur. 
The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize.

Use and Manufacturing
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
• Auto Products
• Commercial / Institutional
• Home Maintenance
• Inside the Home
• Personal Care
• Pet Care

2-propenoic acid is used in the manufacture of plastics, in latex applications, in floor polish, in polymer solutions for coatings applications, emulsion polymers, paint formulations, leather finishings, and paper coatings. 
2-propenoic acid is also used as a chemical intermediate.

Used in the manufacture of plastics, molding powder for signs, construction units, decorative emblems and insignias, polymer solutions for coatings applications, emulsion polymers, paints formulations, leather finishings, and paper coatings; ... also used in medicine and dentistry for dental plates, artificial teeth, and orthopedic cement.

Industry Uses
• Adhesives and sealant chemicals
• Adsorbents and absorbents
• Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
• Intermediates
• Lubricants and lubricant additives
• Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
• Solids separation agents
• Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
• Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses
• Paints and coatings
• Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
• Water treatment products

General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
• Adhesive manufacturing
• All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
• All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
• Miscellaneous manufacturing
• Paint and coating manufacturing
• Paper manufacturing
• Petrochemical manufacturing
• Plastic material and resin manufacturing
• Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
• Wholesale and retail trade

About 2-propenoic acid
Helpful information
2-propenoic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.

2-propenoic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
2-propenoic acid is used in the following products: inks and toners, adhesives and sealants and coating products. Other release to the environment of 2-propenoic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use.

Article service life
Other release to the environment of 2-propenoic acid is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
2-propenoic acid can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Widespread uses by professional workers
2-propenoic acid is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants and laboratory chemicals.
2-propenoic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-propenoic acid is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and scientific research and development.
2-propenoic acid is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of 2-propenoic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Formulation or re-packing
2-propenoic acid is used in the following products: polymers, inks and toners, laboratory chemicals and coating products.
Release to the environment of 2-propenoic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
2-propenoic acid is used in the following products: polymers.
2-propenoic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-propenoic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of 2-propenoic acid can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of 2-propenoic acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

2-propenoic acid is a colorless liquid above its freezing point of +13°C ( +56°F). 
2-propenoic acid is fully miscible in water at +20°C (+68°F).
2-propenoic acid will polymerize to form homopolymers and can be copolymerized with their esters and other vinyl monomers. 
Its carboxylic acid functionality provides anionic character and reactivity with alcohols and epoxides.

Acrylic acid (also known as 2-proenoic acid, vinyl formic acid, and propene acid) is a clear, colourless, corrosive, and flammable liquid that has an acrid/pungent odour. 
2-proenoic acid has the formula C3H4O2 and is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. 
2-proenoic acid is very versatile and valuable as it is a chemical intermediate utilised in the production of many industrial and consumer products.

2-propenoic acid Production
2-propenoic acid manufacturers produce this chemical by the vapour-phase oxidation of propylene. 
This process involves two reactors, with the first reactor converting the propylene to acrolein and the second converting the acrolein to 2-propenoic acid.

This method is quite expensive due to the propylene however there are some cheaper options that may be more suitable. 
Another commercial manufacturing process involves the sequential oxidative dehydrogenation of selective oxidation of propane to 2-propenoic acid using a two-catalyst bed in a reactor.

How is it stored and distributed?
2-propenoic acid is sensitive to heat and sunlight and should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated chemical store that is free from all sources of ignition. 
This is why 2-propenoic acid suppliers transport it in stainless steel or aluminium tank trucks, railroad tankers, barges, and in polyethylene drums. 
It’s also supplied with inhibitors that prevent hazardous polymerisation as it can become quite unstable. 

2-propenoic acid has a flashpoint of 50 o C (closed cup) and is therefore flammable and it has a specific gravity of 1.05.  
For transportation purposes, it’s classified as pack group II, hazard class 8 and should it be labelled as corrosive, flammable, and dangerous to the environment.

What is 2-propenoic acid used for?
2-propenoic acid is an important industrial chemical as it is a chemical intermediate that is employed in the production processes of many common industrial and consumer products.

There are two main uses for 2-propenoic acid. 
The first is to use it as a chemical intermediate in the production of acrylic esters and resins which include ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. 
They are then polymerised and become ingredients in paint formulations, coatings, textiles (woven and non-woven), adhesives, polishes, and plastics. 
Methyl acrylate is also used in the manufacturing of vitamin B1. 
The resins are employed in such things as moulding powders for signs, construction units, and decorative emblems.

The second major use for 2-propenoic acid is as a building block in the production of poly2-propenoic acid polymers.  
These polymers are cross-linked polyacrylates and are super absorbent with the ability to absorb and retain more than one hundred times their own weight.  
They are used to make nappies, and feminine hygiene products.

2-propenoic acid is also utilised in the production of detergent polymers and in the production of flocculants which are employed in waste water treatment plants.

2-propenoic acid is used in the manufacture of plastics, in latex applications, in floor polish, in polymer
solutions for coatings applications, emulsion polymers, paint formulations, leather finishings, and paper
coatings.  
2-propenoic acid is also used as a chemical intermediate. 

Acrylic acid (2-propenoic acid) is a highly reactive carboxylic acid that can react with itself to form polyacrylic acid, which is used as an absorbent in hygiene products. 
2-propenoic acid also can react with alcohols to form acrylates (esters) that are used in a wide range of polymers. 
However, polymers commonly called acrylic (Plexiglas, textiles, etc.) contain acrylate monomers but are often produced from chemicals other than acrylic acid.

2-propenoic acid is prepared using acrolein from the catalytic oxidation of propylene. 
Acrylates are primarily used to prepare emulsion and solution polymers. 
The emulsion polymerization process provides high yields of polymers in a form suitable for a variety of applications. 
2-propenoic acid is used in the form of esters. 
A large amount (80–85%) of raw materials is used in the manufacture of superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) and its salts are also used in detergents, water treatment, and dispersants. 
Solution polymers of acrylates are employed in the preparation of industrial coatings. 
The polymeric products share qualities of high resistance to chemical and environmental attack and attractive strength properties. 
2-propenoic acid and its esters react readily with electrophilic, free-radical, and nucleophilic agents.

2-propenoic acid (GAA) is made by the direct oxidation of propylene. 
2-propenoic acid is a raw material for various esters, super absorbent polymers (SAP), dispersants, flocculants, thickening agents, and adhesives.

2-propenoic acid is produced by the direct oxidation of propylene.

2-propenoic acid is a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor. 
Flash point 130°F. 
Boiling point 286°F. 
Freezing point 53°F. 
Corrosive to metals and tissue. 
Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. 
If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur. 
The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize.

IUPAC NAMES: 
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
2-Propenoic acid
2-propenoic acid
AA
2-propenoic acid
2-propenoic acid
Acrylic acid
acrylic acid
Acrylic Acid
Acrylic acid
acrylic acid
Acrylic Acid (stabilized with MEHQ)
Acrylic acid - MQ0028B
acrylic acid, acrylic acid glacial, acrylic acid technical
Acrylic acid; prop-2-enoic acid
acrylicacid
Acrylsäure
prop-2-enoate
Prop-2-enoic acid
prop-2-enoic acid
propenoic acid

SYNOYNMS:
Propensαure
Rcra waste number U008
rcrawastenumberu008
Vinylformic acid
vinylformicacid
ETHYLENECARBOXYLIC ACID
2-PROPENOIC ACID
acrylic acid anhydrous
Acrylic Acid, Polymer Grade
ACRYLIC ACID ANHYDROUS, STAB.
ACRYLIC ACID 99.5% GC STANDARD
AcrylicAcid,Certified
Acrylicacid,99%,stab.withca200ppm4-methoxyphenol
AcrylicAcid
Acrylic acid, stabilized, extra pure, 99.5%
acrylic acid, low water content
ACRYLIC ACID (+ 0.1% 4-Methoxyphenol) (1-13C, 99%) (<5% H2O)
2-Propenoic acid (I)
Acrylic acid, stabilized with 200 ppM MEHQ
Acrylic acid anhydrous, contains 180-200 ppM MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
Acrylic acid, low water content, 99.5%, stab. with ca 200ppM 4-Methoxyphenol, 99.5%
Acrylic acid anhydrous, contains 200 ppm MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
Acrylic acid, low water, 99.5%, stabilized
Acrylic acid, Stabilized
Acrylic acid, stabilized with &ap:200ppm 4-methoxyphenol
Acrylic acid, Low water content, Stabilized with &ap:200ppm 4-methoxyphenol
Acrylic acid, 98%, stabilized with 300 ppm MEHQ
acrylic resin PAA A-66
acrylic acid E:candyli(at)speedgainpharma(dot)com
Racecadotril Impurity N
Sugammadex Impurity 64
ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL/GAA
AKOS BBS-00003787
ACRYLIC ACID
Acroleic acid
acideacrylique
acideacrylique(french)
acidoacrilio
Acrylate
acrylicacid,[waste]
acrylicacid,glacial
acrylicacid,inhibited
Acrylsαure
ai3-15717
caswellno.009a
CH2=CHCOOH
Glacial acrylic acid
glacialacrylicacid
Kyselina akrylova
kyselinaakrylova
kyselinaakrylova(czech)
pop-2-enoicacid
prop-2-enoicacid
Propene acid
propeneacid
Propenoic
Acrylic acd (I)
ACRYLIC ACI , STABILIZED WITH CA. 200PPM 4-METHOXYPHENOL
ACRYLIC ACID
2-Propenoic acid
Propenoic acid
79-10-7
prop-2-enoic acid
Vinylformic acid
Acroleic acid
Propene acid
Ethylenecarboxylic acid
POLYACRYLIC ACID
Polyacrylate
Propenoate
Carbomer
Glacial acrylic acid
Acrylic acid, glacial
Kyselina akrylova
Carbopol 934p
Carbomer 940
RCRA waste number U008
Acrylic polymer
9003-01-4
Carbopol 940
Acrylic acid, polymer
Carbopol
Acrylic resin
Aron
Antiprex A
UNII-J94PBK7X8S
NSC 4765
Versicol E9
Acrylic acid resin
Acrysol ase-75
Acrysol lmw-20X
Versicol E 7
Versicol E15
Acrysol A 1
Acrysol A 3
Acrysol A 5
Acrysol AC 5
2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer
Carbopol 960
Carboset 515
Primal Ase 60
Versicol K 11
Versicol S 25
Viscalex HV 30
Dispex C40
Acrysol WS-24
Cyguard 266
Joncryl 678
Jurimer AC 10H
Jurimer AC 10P
Nalfloc 636
Rohagit SD 15
Carboxy vinyl polymer
Good-rite K 37
Revacryl A 191
Dow Latex 354
Junlon 110
Propenoic acid polymer
Viscon 103
Good-rite K 702
Good-rite K 732
Polyacrylate elastomers
Acrylic acid, polymers
Good-rite WS 801
Acrylic acid homopolymer
Polymerized acrylic acid
Synthemul 90-588
Aron A 10H
Atactic poly(acrylic acid)
Carboset Resin No. 515
J94PBK7X8S
OLD 01
PA 11M
PAA-25
25987-55-7
CHEBI:18308
NSC4765
Carboxypolymethylene
P 11H
P-11H
WS 24
C3:1n-1
Acrysol A-1
Revacryl A191
MFCD00004367
WS 801
NCGC00166246-01
R968
Carbopol CV 940
Caswell No. 009A
Acrylates
Acide acrylique
Acido acrilio
Phytogel base
Acido acrilio [Spanish]
Acide acrylique [French]
Synthalen K
Kyselina akrylova [Czech]
Calcium polyacrylate
XPA
Acritamer 940
CCRIS 737
Carbomer 934P
Acrylic acid, 98%, extra pure, stabilized
HSDB 1421
EINECS 201-177-9
Acrylic acid homopolymer calcium salt
UN2218
RCRA waste no. U008
allenediol
BRN 0635743
UNII-4Q93RCW27E
Carbomerum
Carbomere
Carbomero
Carpolene
Texcryl
Arolon
Racryl
Tecpol
Carbomer 940 [USAN:NF]
Acrylic Resins
AI3-15717
Solidokoll N
2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer, calcium salt
76050-42-5
Poly(acrylamide), granular, non-ionic, approx. M.W. 5 to 6.000.000
Poly(acrylic acid), 25 wt% solution in water; approx. M.W. 240,000
Poly(acrylic acid), 50 wt% solution in water, approx. M.W. 5,000
Poly(acrylic acid), 63 wt% solution in water; approx. M.W. 2,000
Sokalan PAS
acrylic acid group
Poly(acrylic acid), sec. stand., aver. MW 1,080,000, aver. MN 135,000
G-Cure
Pemulen TR-1
Pemulen TR-2
Acrylic acid polymer
Antiprex 461
Carbomer 910
Carbopol 910
Carbopol 961
Carbopol 980
Haloflex 202
Haloflex 208
Arasorb 750
Polytex 973
Good-rite K727
29862-29-1
Acrylic polymer resins
Arasorb S 100F
Carbopol(R) 940
Good-rite K-700
Polymer, carboxy vinyl
Colloids 119/50
Neocryl A-1038
PubChem21090
Acrylic acid, inhibited
ACMC-1CHHZ
CH2=CHCOOH
DSSTox_CID_28
Carbomer 934 (NF)
Carbomer 940 (NF)
Carbomer 941 (NF)
Carbomere [INN-French]
Carbomerum [INN-Latin]
Carbopol 910 (TN)
Carbopol 934 (TN)
Carbopol 940 (TN)
Carbopol 941 (TN)
Carboxypolymethylene resin
UNII-K6MOM3T5YL
Carbomero [INN-Spanish]
Carbomer 934P (NF)
Carbopol 934P (TN)
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate vinyl acetate 2-ethylhexyl acrylate polymer
DSSTox_GSID_39229
2-Propenic acid, homopolymer
Polyacrylic acid calcium salt
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, polymer with ethenyl acetate and 2-ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
4-02-00-01455 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Acrylic acid, p.a., 99%
Carbomer 910 [USAN:NF]
Polymer of acrylic acid, cross-linked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerythritol