PRODUCTS

20% DBNPA (2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE)

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

Synonyms: 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, Dbnpa, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, DB-027512, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, NS00009357, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa.

A 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) means that the solution contains 20 parts of DBNPA dissolved in a total of 100 parts of solution.
This concentration is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly as a biocide or antimicrobial agent to control microbial growth in water systems, such as cooling towers, industrial process waters, and swimming pools.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) indicates that for every 100 units of the solution, 20 units are comprised of the active ingredient, DBNPA, while the remaining 80 units are typically composed of water or another solvent.

Microbiocide kill time measured in minutes vs. hours for other types of microbiocide agents.
The rate of this activity is not affected by pH, and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved.
Because of its extremely rapid kill, proliferating microbes and their biofilm formation are either eliminated or significantly reduced.

Inexpensive to use – as little as 22 g treats 1000 L of water.
Safer for use in galvanized, copper and steel systems than chlorine and bromine.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), can clean up fouled systems where high levels of organics, slime and biomass are present.

This concentration is often chosen based on the desired efficacy against microbial growth balanced with considerations such as safety, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory requirements.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)'s important to follow manufacturer instructions and safety guidelines when handling and using solutions containing DBNPA, as it is a potent biocide and can be harmful if not used properly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) for building and construction.

This biocide from DuPont is used for treating materials.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
It provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) recommends and sells DBNPA for use with DTEA II under appropriate conditions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole.

It also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) degrades quickly in aqueous environments.

Continuous biocide release by the tablet maintains concentrations effective for control in the tower, while the biocide in the blowdown discharge degrades quickly.
So 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)’s easy to meet strict environmental regulations on tower discharge.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has been used as a biocide in industrial water applications due to its instantaneous antimicrobial activity and rapid chemical breakdown.

In this study, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is considered a potential alternative for antibiotics used for bacterial control during corn-to-ethanol fermentation.
A method using LC/MS/MS was developed to accurately quantify DBNPA in water.
When this method was applied to quantify DBNPA concentration in a fermentation matrix, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) was found to be unstable and to decay rapidly, preventing validation of the method or quantitation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is white crystalline powder, melting point, 122-125℃,PH value, 5--5.5.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone,benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.),slightly soluble in water.
Under acidic conditions, its aqueous solution is more stable.

Raising the PH, heating or being exposured under UV and fluorescent light can fasten its dissolving.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/ or pellet form.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) in the feed water of integrated membrane systems to evaluate the impact on pressure drop increase and chemical cleaning frequency.
A continuous high 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dosage of 20 mg/L on fouled membranes caused a significant decrease in cleaning frequency due to the stabilization of the pressure drop.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is 5% in concentration.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and efficient industrial bactericide used to prevent the growth and propagation of bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, lubricating oil for metal processing, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
It can also be used as a slime control agent and is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water systems in paper mills.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.

The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) relatively environmentally friendly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.

The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm DBNPA concentration in the feed water.

Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.
Only very limited information on the suitability of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.

Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) (1 or 20 mg/L) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.
A higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.

The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent bio growth/biofouling.

One option is the chemical, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature).
The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7, 2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @pH 9.
The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) 98% min.assay. Highly effective against a wide range of common water borne organisms with proven efficacy against Legionella.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) will control these organisms and help to control microbiological fouling.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is designed for use in open cooling water systems, chilled water systems, process systems and other industrial water systems.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms including Legionella, at levels required by the system, L8 (HS(G) 274), system water type, along with risk assessment data.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) degrades rapidly and naturally at increased pH & temperature levels and as such Accepta 6404 is the product of choice for systems operating under strict environmental and discharge regulations.
Increasing cooling water alkalinity presents a problem for most water treatment biocides.

However, for Accepta 6404 even at higher pH values, rapid & effective microbial control is achieved before any significant degradation occurs.
Ideal for quick, antimicrobial activity, but rapid degradation of the microbicide for minimal environmental impact.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is an off-white crystalline solid with a mild medicinal antiseptic odor.

It is slightly volatile, very soluble in water, and corrosive.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to control bacteria, fungi and slime-forming algae in cooling water systems, evaporative condensers and heat exchangers, air washing systems, pulp mill and paper manufacturing, and oil extraction drilling fluids.
It also is used as a preservative in paints, industrial coatings and adhesives, metalworking cutting fluids, and paper and paper products.

Industrial workers handling fluids with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be exposed through dermal contact and inhalation exposure to mists.
U.S. workers handling disinfectant solutions containing the compound are required to wear protective clothing and chemical-resistant gloves and aprons.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) released to the environment will be degraded in air and by exposure to direct sunlight.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is expected to move through soil.
It will chemically break down quickly in water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) also will be degraded by microorganisms.

It is not likely to build up in aquatic organisms.
People accidently exposed through spills or compound misuse of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) reported eye, throat and respiratory irritation, runny nose, and headache.
Allergic skin reactions may develop in some people following direct contact to 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).

Direct contact with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may damage eyes and skin due to its corrosiveness.
Labored breathing and weight loss were observed in laboratory animals repeatedly given high oral doses.
Repeated skin exposure of laboratory animals to high doses of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) caused skin damage.

Very high oral doses given laboratory animals during pregnancy caused decreased weight gain, and some of the animals died.
Skeletal birth defects were found in some offspring of surviving maternal animals exposed to this dose, and a lower, maternally non-toxic dose.
The potential of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to cause cancer in laboratory animals has not been tested.

The potential for 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is the second most commonly used biocide in UOG after glutaraldehyde.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting electrophilic biocide; it is quick and effective in contact, but the protection is not long lasting.

This biocide inhibits essential biological functions by reacting with nucleophiles (particularly sulfur-containing nucleophiles) inside the cell.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), and some of its degradation products, can also be harmful to humans and animals.
These associated compounds have been demonstrated to be moderately to highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, can be corrosive to eyes, and have been shown in terrestrial and aquatic animal studies to cause developmental issues.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is not toxic to all life, however, as it is biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with a reported biotic half-life of less than 4 h under both conditions at neutral pH. However, the hydrolysis and aquatic photolysis half-life of this compound are pH-dependent, with faster degradation occurring at a more alkaline pH.
For example, the abiotic half-lives of DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9 are 67 days, 63 h, and 73 min, respectively.

Conversely, low pH has been characteristic of Impacted streams, which thus provide favorable conditions for the stability of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and its degradation products.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.

This degradation pathway makes the use of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) relatively environmentally friendly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids. Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) biocide solution.
Fast-acting, broad-spectrum biocide for treating raw materials, process water, and contaminated products and systems.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) chemical name is 2.2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) Microbicide offers broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is quick-acting and breaks down rapidly into non-hazardous materials.

Active Ingredient 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)e.
The advantages of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) include to eradicate a wide range of microbes (fungal, bacterial, algal).
Minimizes production downtime and delays due to contamination.

Do not contribute problematic components to formulate or create long-term health and safety concerns.
In general, avoid eye and skin contact, wear safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing.
In case of eye or skin contact, despite precautionary measures, wash immediately and thoroughly with plenty of warm water and obtain medical attention.

Vapors, including cyanogen bromide, may be present in unvented containers.
These vapors may be irritating to the upper respiratory tract of workers, who allow their mouth or nose to get close to the container opening.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be stored for 12 months under normal temperature conditions.

Biofouling of RO membranes is a common problem for many membrane filtration systems that source water from open ocean intakes, seawater wells, brackish river water, and other surface waters that contain naturally occurring organic matter.
The limiting factor to biofouling control is the incompatibility of the polyamide thin-film composite RO membrane to chlorine exposure, as well as exposure to other oxidizing chemicals commonly used for process water disinfection.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing.

Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and the chemical manufacturing industry.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) Water Treatment Microbiocide is for use in RO systems in the industrial market and for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is important to note that DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide is NOT approved for online use in RO systems that produce potable and municipal water.
Due to regional differences, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) for industrial RO systems is approved and marketed in Europe under the product name of DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide.
In other approved regions of the world, it is marketed under the name DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is technical grade 2.2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide.
It is only registered for non-fifra use in the US.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is stable under normal conditions.
Avoid process temperatures of 70°C (158°F) or higher and use of strong reducing agents.
Please refer to the safety data sheet of this product for precise handling instructions.

The processing and use of industrial chemicals require adequate technical and professional knowledge.
The use of membrane filtration processes for the production of fresh and clean water has strongly increased over the last decades.
Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are processes removing salts, micropollutants, viruses, and microorganisms, enabling the production of high-quality water.

The membrane lifetime and operational costs are affected by fouling.
The consequence of fouling is e.g. an increased feed pressure to maintain water production, the need to perform chemical cleanings of the membranes, and eventually membrane replacement.
Four types of fouling can occur: scaling (inorganic fouling), colloid fouling, organic fouling, and biofouling.

Biofouling is most frequently encountered and most difficult to control.
Biofouling is defined as the amount of accumulated biofilm (biomass) causing unacceptable membrane performance loss.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a biocide which is used in industrial water treatment, cooling systems and paper mills.
DBNPA is an efficient biocide with a rapid microbiocidal broad-spectrum activity, especially in water systems that contain high organic loads.
The main current application of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is as a liquid formulation, which contains a mixture of water and an organic solvent such as a glycol (for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), ethylene glycol, etc.) and others.

The active ingredient 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is only 5-25% of such liquid formulation.
The addition of an organic solvent is required for dissolution of the relatively water-insoluble 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into a liquid formulation.
Prior art teaches the production of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) as a powdered material which can be used for the preparation of a liquid or solid formulation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Half-lives ranged from 4 to 25 hours in 7 different soils with pH values of 4.8 to 7.5(4).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an anaerobic aquatic metabolism study; residues were mainly found in the aqueous layer.
Concentrations of the two main degradates 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56% of applied within 7 days) and dibromoacetic acid (reached 27% of applied at 0 hr, 17% by day 48) were measured.

Other minor degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetamide and dibromoactonitrile.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), dibromoacetonitrile and bromoacetamide were found in the sediment layer.
The anaerobic metabolism study includes degradation due to both biotic and abiotic mechanisms(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1).
This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1).
Less than 1% of a 4000 ppm aqueous solution of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) remained after 28 days exposure to sunlight(2); 91% of the added DBNPA was still present in the dark control after the same period of time(2).

Dibromoacetic acid (63.7%) is the major degradate at pH 5 (half-life of 14.8 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 38.6%) and at pH 7 (half-life of 6.9 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 74.9%) in aqueous photolysis studies(2).
Hydrolysis half-lives of 155, 8.8, 5.8, 2.0, and 0.34 hours were measured at pH values of 6.0, 7.3, 7.7, 8.0, and 8.9, respectively(2).
The half-life of DBNPA is 67 days at pH 5, 63 hours at pH 7, and 73 minutes at pH 9(3).

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), dibromoacetonitrile (54.5% of applied), and dibromoacetonitrile (38.6% of applied) are the major degradates at pH values of 5, 7, and 9, respectively(3).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra- filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing.
Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and in chemical manufacturing industry.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) , has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) and true algae.
The 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) molecule will function immediately upon introduction into the feed water and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved if properly dosed.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) offers an advantageous combination of quick kill properties followed by fast chemical degradation, including hydrolysis.
The dominant degradation pathway at use conditions invloves reactions with nucleophilic substances or organic material invariably found in water.
Nucleophilic degradation forms cyanoacetamide.

When the disposal of concentrate involves the release to large open waterways, additional degradation will occur via exposure to UV-radiation.
When sufficiently diluted, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and its degradation products become biodegradable.

The ultimate degradation products formed from both chemical and biodegradation processes of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and bromide ions.
Therefore, meeting the local environmental regulations for the permitted discharge of the reject stream should not be affected with DBNPA use.

Uses Of20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide):
A chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a high-efficiency antiseptic bactericide, widely used as water treating agent, bactericide and algaecide for industrial circulating water and industrial cooling water, pulp treatment in paper making industry and as pharmaceutical intermediate, etc.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a kind of Water Treatment Material.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.
It is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
It is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has following advantages: Easy to handle. No unusual oxidation hazards. Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
Used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, Pulp, wood, paint and plywood in the growth and reproduction, at the same time can do slime control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and efficient biocide, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on certain protein groups to stop the normal redox of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, its branches can also selectively bromination or oxidation of specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, eventually leading to microbial death.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be freely miscible, low toxicity.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) solution could be added at any phase of production provided that thorough mixing is achieved.
Should the manufacturing process involve heating of the product, it is advisable to add 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) after cooling down at the end of the process.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) solution may be used to reduce microbial contamination in raw materials and/or products such as aqueous paints and coatings, polymers, slurries, adhesives, latex and resin emulsions, sizing, caulk, process water, along with specialty industrial products including inks, polishes, waxes, detergents and cleansers.

To reduce microbial contamination, add 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to the material or product at a concentration of 25 to 2,000 ppm by weight.
This concentration is equivalent to 2.8 to 224.0 fluid ounces of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) per 1,000 gallons or 21.4 to 1,712 milliliters of DBNPA 20% per 1,000 liters.
The required concentration will depend on the material being treated and the level of contamination present.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is frequently used as a biocide in water treatment processes to control microbial growth in industrial cooling water systems, pulp and paper processing, oil exploration and production, and other water-based systems.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into paints and coatings formulations to inhibit microbial growth and extend the shelf life of these products.
In certain concentrations and formulations, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in wood preservation treatments to prevent decay and degradation caused by fungi and bacteria in wood products, such as lumber, poles, and railway ties.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be added to adhesive and sealant formulations to prevent microbial growth and maintain product integrity during storage and use.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in the paper industry to prevent microbial contamination during paper production processes and to preserve the quality of paper products.

In textile manufacturing, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be used as a biocide to prevent microbial growth on fabrics and fibers, particularly in humid or damp conditions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in the oil and gas industry to prevent microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) in pipelines, storage tanks, and other oilfield equipment.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in industrial water systems beyond cooling towers, including process water systems, wastewater treatment plants, and industrial washing systems to control microbial growth and prevent biofouling.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in hygiene products such as hand sanitizers, wet wipes, and disinfectants to provide antimicrobial protection against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in agricultural settings as a biocide and preservative in irrigation water, agricultural tanks, and equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain water quality.
In the plastics and polymer industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be added to formulations to inhibit microbial growth during manufacturing processes and to prevent degradation of polymer products during storage and transportation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in leather processing to prevent microbial spoilage and deterioration of hides and skins during storage and transportation.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in disinfectants and sanitizers used in medical and healthcare facilities to disinfect surfaces, medical devices, and equipment, helping to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
In the food and beverage industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used as a biocide in water treatment systems, as well as in cleaning and sanitizing solutions to maintain hygiene standards and prevent microbial contamination in food processing facilities.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is added to swimming pool and spa water to control algae and bacteria growth, ensuring safe and hygienic recreational water environments.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into marine antifouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms such as barnacles, algae, and mollusks on boat hulls and marine structures.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in metalworking fluids, such as cutting fluids and lubricants, to prevent microbial growth and contamination, thereby extending the fluid's lifespan and maintaining machining efficiency.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in air conditioning systems to control microbial growth in cooling coils, condensate pans, and air ducts, helping to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens and improve indoor air quality.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used in the production of photographic chemicals to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the stability and quality of photographic solutions and emulsions.
In the manufacturing of building materials such as adhesives, sealants, and coatings, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be added to prevent microbial degradation and preserve the integrity of the materials, particularly in humid or damp environments.

Within the oil and gas industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized as a biocide in drilling fluids, hydraulic fracturing fluids, and enhanced oil recovery operations to control microbial growth and prevent reservoir souring and biofouling.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in mining operations to control microbial growth in water systems used for ore processing, dust suppression, and other mining processes, helping to maintain operational efficiency and environmental compliance.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in the preservation of cultural heritage materials such as archival documents, artworks, and historical artifacts to prevent microbial deterioration and degradation over time.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is added to pulp and paper processing systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofilm formation, thereby improving paper quality and reducing downtime associated with microbial-related issues.

Safety Profile Of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide):
Poison by ingestion and intravenous routes.
A severe skin and eye irritant.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Brand NO,.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.
This irritation may manifest as redness, itching, burning, or inflammation.
Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling DBNPA to minimize the risk of exposure.

Inhalation of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dust, vapors, or mists may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or throat irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be maintained in areas where 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to minimize airborne exposure.