ACUMER 1100

ACUMER 1100 is the homopolymer of low molecular polyacrylic acid and its salts. 
Free of phosphate, ACUMER 1100 can be used in situations of low or none content of phosphate. 

ACUMER 1100 can be used as high effective scale inhibitor for sugar processing. 
ACUMER obtains the scale inhibition effect by dispersing calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate in water system. 

ACUMER 1100 is an ordinary used dispersant. 
ACUMER 1100 can be used as scale inhibitor and dispersant in circulating cool water system, papermaking, woven and dyeing, ceramics and pigments.

Sodium polyacrylate, also known as waterlock, is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid with the chemical formula [−CH2−CH(CO2Na)−]n and has broad applications in consumer products.
Little more water is poured into this substance, which instantly absorbs the water that is poured on ACUMER 1100 and increases its volume / swells, the gel form is left in the tea. This gel can be dried at any time. 

If sodium chloride (common table salt - NaCl) is added to the water, sodium polyacrylate is separated from the water. 
This polymer substance, which is harmless as far as ACUMER 1100 is known, shows us one of the impressive aspects of Chemistry with its excellent absorption ability.
 
ACUMER polymers are a series of Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Polyacrylic Acids and their corresponding sodium salts. 
These products have weight average molecular weights of approximately 2000 and 4500. 

ACUMER polymers contain no phosphorus, making their use acceptable where legislation requires that discharge waters contain low or no phosphorus.
ACUMER polymers are highly effective scale inhibitors that can be used industrial water treatment and oil production applications to inhibit the deposition of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, and other low solubility salts on surfaces. 

These polymers show good activity over a wide range of pH, water hardness, and temperature conditions.
The choice among the members of the series depends on the application, formulation, use conditions, and required performance characteristics. 
These materials show excellent freeze-thaw stability.

Benefits of ACUMER 1100:
An acrylic based water soluble scale inhibitor, and good dispersant for carbonates, sulfates and sparingly soluble salts,
Particularly suitable for incorporation in acidic formulations,

BGVV, EU food contact and FDA clearances apply,
NSF-60 for potable water,

Industrial water treatment,
Excellent scale inhibition for a variety of applications including cooling circuits, boilers and RO units.

Applications of ACUMER 1100: 
Industrial Water Treatment Scale inhibition in open recirculating cooling circuits (CaCO3 scale in particular).
Dispersant for all types of cooling circuits.Dispersant for boiler sludge control.

Benefits of ACUMER 1100 Contains no phosphorus, making ACUMER 1100 use acceptable where legislation requires that discharge waters 
Exhibits exceptional stability in the presence of hypochlorite.

Shows good anti-scaling efficiency at low dosage over a wide range of pH, water hardness and temperature conditions.
Offers a strong dispersant activity contrarily to phosphonates.

ACUMER 1100 acrylic homopolymer general-purpose scale inhibitor is the homopolymer of low molecular polyacrylic acid and ACUMER 1100 salts. 
Free of phosphate, ACUMER 1100 can be used in situations of low or none content of phosphate. 

ACUMER 1100 can be used as a highly effective scale inhibitor for sugar processing. 
ACUMER 1100 acrylic homopolymer obtains the scale inhibition effect by dispersing calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate in the water system.

ACUMER 1100 is an ordinarily used dispersant, ACUMER 1100 can be used as scale inhibitor and dispersant in circulating cool water system, papermaking, woven and dyeing, ceramic, and pigments.
ACUMER 1100 is a low molecular weight polyacrylate with a selected molecular weight around 4500 to optimize the anti-scale performance through at least three mechanisms: 

Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts (calcium carbonate in particular). 
Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readily fractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaning operations.

Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particles from agglomerating and depositing on surfaces.
ACUMER 1100 Scale inhibitor for carbonates, sulfates and highly insoluble salts. 
Also a dispersant Particularly suitable for incorporation in acidic formulations.

Advantages of ACUMER 1100: 
Good anti-scaling efficiency at low dosage over a wide range of pH, water hardness and temperature conditions,
Strong dispersant activity contrarily to phosphonates,

Exceptional stability in the presence of hypochlorite, 
Contains no phosphorus – meets discharge water legislation requirements.

Chemistry and Mode of Action of ACUMER 1100: 
ACUMER 1100 is a low molecular weight polyacrylate with a selected molecular weight around 4500 to optimize the anti-scale performance through at least three mechanisms:

Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts (calcium carbonate in particular).
Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readily fractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaning operations.
Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particles from agglomerating and depositing on surfaces.

Anti-Precipitation Performance of ACUMER 1100: 
ACUMER 1100 polymer is a general purpose scale inhibitor as ACUMER 1100 is effective to prevent scale building in inhibiting precipitation and deposition of calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, and other low solubility salts.

ACUMER 1000, 1020, 1100, and 1110 Scale Inhibitors:

Scale Inhibition at Heat Transfer Surfaces:
In evaluating scale inhibition at heat transfer surfaces, the ACUMER polymers were used alone under stressed conditions. 
Note that their relative effectiveness may change in formulated water treatment systems or under less stressed conditions.

1. Laboratory Test on Immersion Heater
Test water was recirculated past an immersion heater and over baffles exposed to upward air flow. 
During the 3-hour run, the calcium ions remaining in solution as evaporation proceeded and the rate of heat transfer (time the heater was on) were monitored. 

The amount of scale deposited on the heater at the end of the test was also measured. 
ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 (Mw 2000) were the most effective under these conditions by all three measurements of scaling tendency.
The highest molecular weight analogs ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110 (Mw 4500) and a competitive sodium polyacrylate (Mw 2800) were less effective.

The relative performance of the ACUMER polymers was evaluated in simulated cooling tower devices under stressed conditions. 
Water containing 625 mg/l hardness (as CaCO3) and 150 mg/l alkalinity was circulated past a copper heat transfer coupon at 0.4 to 2 ft./sec. in an apparatus designed to give a range of flow rates over a single heat transfer surface.

Heat transfer coefficients weremonitored daily for 5 days; the polymer levels were 2.5, 7.5, and 15 ppm. 
Like the immersion heater study, ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 were the most effective polymers in maintaining a constant, high heat transfer coefficient and ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110 were almost as good.

Most oil-field waters are brines, containing large amounts of divalent cations which commonly form mineral scales. 
Scale can be encountered on the formation face, in the production tubing, on surface vessels, injection pumps, lines, etc.

The scales of greatest concern in oil production are calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate. 
Laboratory screening tests are useful for comparing the effectiveness of inhibitor candidates. 

1. Inhibitor of CaSO4 Precipitation
ACUMER polymers are all highly effective inhibitors of CaSO4 precipitation. 
Virtually complete inhibition is achieved with 0.5 ppm polymer under the NACE test conditions.
No significant difference in activity among the polymers in the ACUMER series is noted during this test.

2. Inhibition of CaCO3 Precipitation
ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110 (Mw 4500) and ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 polymers (Mw 2000) are equally effective inhibitors of CaCO3 precipitation.

3. Inhibition by Blends of ACUMER Polymers and Phosphonates 
In some instances, blends of phosphonates or phosphate esters with ACUMER polymers are better anti-precipitants than either alone. 

4. Inhibition of BaSO4 Precipitation BaSO4 scale is particularly difficult to remove and consequently prevention is critically important, especially in off-shore oil wells and papermaking applications.
ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 polymers (Mw 2000) are particularly effective in a typical 16-hour duration test and show more efficient inhibition than ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110 (Mw 4500) polymers. 

ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 polymers also show better inhibiting activity than a competitive sodium polyacrylate, a phosphonate, or a phosphate ester.
If longer times (64 hours) are allowed for precipitation, ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110 (Mw 4500) are more effective than ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 (Mw 2000).

5. Overall Anti-Precipitation Performance
The actual choice between the two molecular weight polymers depends on the test conditions, although generally ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 (Mw 2000) are the most effective polymers. 

Modification of CaSO4 And CaCO3 Crystals:
The photomicrographs show the dramatic crystal distortion effects of ACUMER 1000/ ACUMER 1020 and ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110 on CaSO4 and CaCO3. 
The normally long and regular CaSO4 crystals are fractured and distorted when formed in the presence of ACUMER 1000/ACUMER 1020 polymers. 
CaCO3 crystals are normally large and well formed, but are smaller and more irregular when formed in the presence of ACUMER 1100/ACUMER 1110.

Polymer Stability at High Temperature:
ACUMER polymers 1000, 1020, 1100 and 1110 are very stable at high pressures and temperatures typical of boilers up to at least 1200 psig/298°C.