ALKYL POLYGLYCOSIDE (APG)

Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) are a class of non-ionic surfactants widely used in a variety of cosmetic, household, and industrial applications. 
Biodegradable and plant-derived from sugars, these surfactants are usually derivatives of glucose and fatty alcohols.
The raw materials are typically starch and fat, and the final products are typically complex mixtures of compounds with different sugars comprising the hydrophilic end and alkyl groups of variable length comprising the hydrophobic end.

CAS:    68515-73-1
MF:    C16H32O6
MW:    320.22
EINECS:    500-220-1

Synonyms
APG0810;D-Glucopyranose, oligomeric, decyl octyl glycosides;(C8-10)Alkyl ether of corn sugar;alkyl(c8,c10)polyglycoside;DECYL OCTYL D-GLUCOSE;D-glucose, decyl octyl ethers, oligomeric;Decyl-octyl glycosides oligomer;Octyldecyl Glucoside

When derived from glucose, they are known as Alkyl polyglycoside (APG).
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) exhibit good wetting, foaming, and detergency properties, making them effective in cleaning and personal care products.
They are also stable across a wide pH range and compatible with various other surfactants.
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is an alkylglycoside non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is commonly used in foaming and cleansing products, often by natural personal care companies due to being plant derived and biodegradable. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG), also known as capryl/caprylyl glucoside, is derived from combination of coconut fatty alcohols and corn starch glucose.
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is a biodegradable surfactant and is aligned with the 10th principle of Green Chemistry "Design for Degradation".

Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is 50% aqueous solution, R = C8 ~ C14, colorless to light yellow transparent liquid. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) has a soft effect on the skin, low irritation, and a good conditioning effect on the hair. 
Good foaming and thickening properties, high temperature resistance, high concentration of strong acid, strong alkali and electrolyte. 
HLB value 13-15. PH value (10% aqueous solution):11.5-12.5; Viscosity (20 ℃ mPa.s):1000-2500 is often used in shampoo, bath lotion, facial cleanser and hand sanitizer. 
Industrial hard surface cleaning, temperate-resistant and alkali-resistant scouring agent for textile industry, foaming agent for petroleum exploitation; Emulsifier, dispersant, synergist, etc. of agricultural preparations.
Decyl glucoside is a novel nonionic surfactant alkyl glucoside (APG). 
Starch-based surfactants have become one of the major research topics of domestic and foreign scholars since the 80 s, and Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is one of the most active research field and development focus.

Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) Chemical Properties
Density: 1.15 g/mL at 20 °C
Form: liquid
InChI: InChI=1/C16H32O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-21-16-15(20)14(19)13(18)12(11-17)22-16/h12-20H,2-11H2,1H3/t12-,13-,14+,15-,16?/s3
InChIKey: JDRSMPFHFNXQRB-TVHDANIINA-N
EPA Substance Registry System: Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) (68515-73-1)

Uses
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) are used to enhance the formation of foams in detergents. 
They are also used in the personal care industry because they are biodegradable and safe for sensitive skin.

Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) can be used:
In the preparation of multilamellar vesicles as carriers for tretinoins and retinoids.
In the study of mineralization, leaching, and adsorption of glyphosate herbicide in the soil.
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is a nonionic surfactant used as a foamer, detergent, conditioner or emulsifier. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) can be used as a base surfactant or co-surfactant in detergents. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) has excellent foaming ability and good skin compatibility. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) can be combined with other glucosides using to enhance foaming and skin conditioning properties. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) can also be utilised in ionic formulations in order to increase foam depth and emulsification properties. 
Commonly used in shampoos and body washes.

Preparation
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) are produced by combining a sugar such as glucose with a fatty alcohol in the presence of acid catalysts at elevated temperatures.

Synthesis    
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) were prepared from D-glucose with 1-decanol by direct glucosidation over the zeolite catalysts. 
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) (2.5 g) and 1-decanol (50 mL) were introduced as the reactants. 
The reactants were put into the reactor with the zeolite catalyst. 
The reaction was carried out directly in the reactor, stirring at 130 ℃.

Contact allergens    
Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) or decyl d-glucoside, also named decylbeta- d-glucopyranoside, belongs to the alkyl glucosides family and is obtained by condensation of the fatty alcohol decyl alcohol and a d-glucose polymer. 
This nonionic surfactant and cleansing agent has been widely used for several years, due to its foaming power and good tolerance in rinse-off products such as shampoos, hair dyes and colors, and soaps. 
Decyl glucoside is also employed in leave-on products such as no-rinsing cleansing milks, lotions, and several sunscreen agents and is contained as a stabilizing surfactant of organic microparticles in sunscreen agent Alkyl polyglycoside (APG).

Side effects    
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review expert panel, or the CIR, deemed Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is completely safe for use, amongst its assessment of nineteen other alkyl glucosides. 
However, in rare cases, when the individual is hypersensitive towards Alkyl polyglycoside (APG), there could be irritation, redness, itching, or burning on the skin. 
In some cases, this results in contact dermatitis, when the individual has type-4 hypersensitivity to Alkyl polyglycoside (APG).