ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E)

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is used as a natural preservative to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of food products.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is incorporated into skincare products to protect the skin from oxidative stress and improve skin health.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is utilized in formulations to enhance the stability of medicinal products.

CAS Number: 59-02-9
EC Number: 200-412-2
E number: E307a (antioxidants, ...)
Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₅₀O₂
Molecular Weight: 430.71 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
(±)-α-Tocopherol, DL-all-rac-α-Tocopherol, Vitamin E, d-α-Tocopherol, RRR-α-Tocopherol, all-rac-α-Tocopherol, (2R)-2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]chroman-6-ol, 5,7,8-Trimethyltocol, (2R)-2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, (±)-α-Tocopherol, DL-all-rac-α-Tocopherol, Vitamin E, VITAMIN E, alpha-Tocopherol, 59-02-9, D-alpha-Tocopherol, 5,7,8-Trimethyltocol, (+)-alpha-Tocopherol, 2074-53-5, alpha Tocopherol, Phytogermine, TOCOPHEROL, Aquasol E, (R,R,R)-alpha-Tocopherol, Syntopherol, Viteolin, Eprolin, Esorb, (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-Tocopherol, Tocopherol alpha, dl-a-Tocopherol, alpha-Vitamin E, Profecundin, Denamone, Epsilan, Tokopharm, Vascuals, Viprimol, Etavit, alpha-Tokoferol, Evion, alpha-Tocopherol, D-, d-a-tocopherol, Eprolin S, Viterra E, E Prolin, E-Vimin, D-alpha tocopherol, Lan-E, Med-E, Tenox GT 1, Vi-E, Rhenogran Ronotec 50, (2R)-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL]CHROMAN-6-OL, Covitol F 1000, E 307 (tocopherol), (R)-2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol, Vitamin Ea, a-D-Tocopherol, D-|A-Tocopherol, Tocopherol (R,S), (+)-a-Tocopherol, CCRIS 3588, CHEBI:18145, 2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4',8',12'-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol, HSDB 2556, 1406-18-4, EINECS 200-412-2, NSC 20812, Evitaminum, Waynecomycin, Almefrol, E307, Emipherol, Etamican, Vitayonon, Ilitia, (2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-ol, (2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol, H4N855PNZ1, BPBio1_000362, 18920-62-2, Vitaplex E, DTXSID0026339, E 307, Spavit E, EC 200-412-2, ido-E, Endo E, N9PR3490H9, Antisterility vitamin, MFCD00072045, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, (2R)-, (+/-)-alpha-Tocopherol, rel-alpha-Vitamin E, DTXCID706339, RRR-alpha-tocopherol, Vitamin E alpha, CAS-59-02-9, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R)-rel-, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-, SMR000471844, VIV, alpha-Tocopherol acid, 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, (all-R)-alpha-Tocopherol, DTXSID8021355, Phytogermin, Palmvtee, alpha-Tocoferol, (+-)-Med-E, UNII-N9PR3490H9, Vitamin Ealpha, NSC-20812, Alpha-tocopherols, .ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, D-, Pheryl-E, DL--Tocopherol, Vita plus E, Acne C-Patch, rel--Vitamin E, -Vitamin E, Vitamin e d-alpha, NCGC00016688-02, Vitamin E, liquid, Prestwick_653, EINECS 215-798-8, EINECS 218-197-9, .alpha.-Vitamin E, Envirose 100, NSC 82623, COVIREL, RRR-alpha-tocopheryl, Vitamin E [USP], ()-alpha-Tocopherol, delta-alpha-tocopherol, alpha-delta-Tocopherol, Tocopherol, d-alpha-, CONTROX VP, EPROLIN-S, Vitamin E (D-form), TENOX GT, CHEMBL47, (R,R,R)-a-Tocopherol, Prestwick3_000404, (+)- alpha -Tocopherol, (+)-.alpha.-Tocopherol, all-rac-alpha-Tocopherolum, bmse000600, R,r,r-.alpha.-tocopherol, alpha-TOCOPHEROL (II), SCHEMBL3097, COVI-OX T 30P, DL-all-rac-alpha-Tocopherol, RIKKI N 70, UNII-H4N855PNZ1, BIDD:PXR0174, COVI-OX T 50, Vita-Jec Essential E-300, BSPBio_000328, E-MIX 40A, MLS001066396, MLS001335981, MLS001335982, BIDD:ER0562, INS NO.307A, T1539_SIGMA, DTXCID201355, INS-307A, (+)-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL-, ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL [HSDB], (2R,4'R,8'R)-a-Tocopherol, .ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL [MI], ALPHA TOCOPHEROL (USP-RS), (+)--Tocopherol; D--Tocopherol, HMS2096A10, HMS2231G08, C29H50O2 (D-alpha-tocopherol), D-ALPHA TOCOPHEROL [MART.], HY-N0683, Tox21_110563, Tox21_113208, Tox21_202081, BDBM50458513, E-307A, LMPR02020001, MFCD00006848, AKOS004910417, CS-8161, DB00163, FT28296, FV01596, (2R)-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-6-ol, NCGC00142625-01, NCGC00142625-04, NCGC00142625-05, NCGC00142625-06, NCGC00142625-07, NCGC00142625-10, NCGC00142625-17, NCGC00259630-01, (2R)-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, (2R*(4R*,8R*))-(1)-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-benzopyran-6-ol, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-, (2R)-, (+/-)-alpha-Tocopherol, rel-alpha-Vit, 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-, α-Tocopherol, α-Tokoferol, (All-R)-α-Tocopherol, (2R,4'R,8'R)-α-Tocopherol, D-α-tocopherol, Almefrol, Antisterility vitamin, Denamone, Emipherol, Endo E, Eprolin, Eprolin S, Epsilan, Esorb, Etamican, Etavit, Evion, Evitaminum, Ilitia, Phytogermine, Profecundin, Spavit E, Syntopherol, Tokopharm, Vascuals, Verrol, Vi-E, Vitaplex E, Vitayonon, Viteolin, 5,7,8-Trimethyltocol, Aquasol E, Lan-E, Med-E, Vita E, Covi-ox, Spavit, (R,R,R)-α-Tocopherol, (+)-α-Tocopherol, [2R-2R*(4R*,8R*)]-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-, Covitol F 1300, E-vimin, Viprimol, (2R)-3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol, E-Oil 1000, Tenox GT 1, Rhenogran Ronotec 50, Covitol F 1000, α-Vitamin E, α-D-Tocopherol, 2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol, E-toplex, Epsilan-m, Evipherol, Tocopherex, 18920-62-2, 121854-78-2, 364-49-8, Tocopherol, (R)-2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol, E-toplex (Salt/Mix), Epsilan-m (Salt/Mix), Evipherol (Salt/Mix), Tocopherex (Salt/Mix), Tocopherol (Related)

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a vitamin that dissolves in fat. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is found in many foods including vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, and fruits.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is an important vitamin required for the proper function of many organs in the body. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is also an antioxidant. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) that occurs naturally in foods (RRR-alpha-tocopherol) is different from man-made Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) that is in supplements (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol).

Alpha-tocopherol, commonly known as Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. 
The most abundant and purest form of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), this powerful antioxidant can be derived synthetically or sourced naturally from a variety of foods including vegetable oils. 

Alpha-tocopherol plays an important role in neutralizing free radicals, moisturizing skin, and improving the appearance of visible skin aging.
(R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol is an Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) that has R,R,R configuration. 
The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) has a role as an antioxidant, a nutraceutical, an antiatherogenic agent, an EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor, an anticoagulant, an immunomodulator, an antiviral agent, a micronutrient, an algal metabolite and a plant metabolite. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is an enantiomer of a (S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol.

Tocopherol exists in four different forms designated as α, β, δ, and γ. 
They present strong antioxidant activities, and it is determined as the major form of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). 
Tocopherol, as a group, is composed of soluble phenolic compounds that consist of a chromanol ring and a 16-carbon phytyl chain. 

The classification of the tocopherol molecules is designated depending on the number and position of the methyl substituent in the chromanol ring. 
The different types of tocopherol can be presented trimethylated, dimethylated or methylated in the positions 5-, 7- and 8-. 

When the carbons at position 5- and 7- are not methylated, they can function as electrophilic centers that can trap reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. 
Tocopherols can be found in the diet as part of vegetable oil such as corn, soybean, sesame, and cottonseed. 

It is currently under the list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in the FDA for the use of human consumption.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) has been reported in Amaranthus hybridus, Guarea kunthiana, and other organisms with data available.
Tocopherol is a class of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) compounds naturally found in many different sources, such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. 

Tocopherols have antioxidant activity.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. 

Upon administration, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. 

In addition, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. 

Compared with other forms of tocopherol, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the primary form of vitamin E that is preferentially used by the human body to meet appropriate dietary requirements. 

In particular, the RRR-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) (or sometimes called the d-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) stereoisomer) stereoisomer is considered the natural formation of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) and generally exhibits the greatest bioavailability out of all of the Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) stereoisomers. 

Moreover, RRR-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) acetate is a relatively stabilized form of vitamin E that is most commonly used as a food additive when needed 6.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with several forms, but Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the only one used by the human body. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E)'s main role is to act as an antioxidant, scavenging loose electrons—so-called “free radicals”—that can damage cells. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) also enhances immune function and prevents clots from forming in heart arteries. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) has the ability to protect cells from free radical damage as well as reduce the production of free radicals in certain situations. 
However, conflicting study results have dimmed some of the promise of using high dose Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) to prevent chronic diseases.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a type of vitamin E. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E)'s E number is "E307". 
Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. 

All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain, along with an aromatic ring is situated near the carbonyls in the fatty acyl chains of the phospholipid bilayer, allows for penetration into biological membranes.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is found most in the membrane's non-raft domains, associated with omega-3 and 6 fatty acids, to partially prevent oxidation.
The most prevalent form, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), is involved in molecular, cellular, biochemical processes closely related to overall lipoprotein and lipid homeostasis. 

Compared to the others, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is found in a variety of tissues, being lipid-soluble, and taken up by the body in a wide variety of ways. 
Ongoing research is believed to be "critical for manipulation of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) homeostasis in a variety of oxidative stress-related disease conditions in humans."

One of these disease conditions is the Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) role in the use by malaria parasites to protect themselves from the highly oxidative environment in erythrocytes.
A second of these disease conditions is the Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) antioxidant properties' role cardiovascular heart disease. 

In preventing LDL (low-density lipoprotein) oxidation, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is able to decrease chances of atherosclerosis and arterial build-up.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.

USES and APPLICATIONS of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Alpha-tocopherol is widely used in various industries due to its antioxidant properties:
Dietary Supplements: It is commonly included in multivitamins and standalone Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) supplements to support overall health.
Food Industry: Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is used as a natural preservative to prevent oxidation and extend the shelf life of food products.

Cosmetics: Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is incorporated into skincare products to protect the skin from oxidative stress and improve skin health.
Pharmaceuticals: Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is utilized in formulations to enhance the stability of medicinal products.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is used for treating its deficiency, which is rare, but can occur in people with certain genetic disorders and in very low-weight premature infants. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is used along with other vitamins and minerals to reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD; an ongoing disease of the eye that causes loss of the ability to see straight ahead and may make it more difficult to read, drive, or perform other daily activities) in certain people.

USES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Effective for;
An inherited condition that affects motor control (ataxia with Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency or AVED). 

Taking Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) by mouth is effective for treating Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency due to this genetic movement disorder.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency. 
Taking Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) by mouth is effective for preventing and treating Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency.

BENEFITS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
The primary benefit of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) lies in its antioxidant capacity:

*Antioxidant Protection: 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage.

*Skin Health: 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) promotes skin healing and reduces UV-induced skin damage.

*Immune Support: 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) enhances immune function by protecting immune cells from oxidative stress.

*Cardiovascular Health: 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) may help in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis by preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL).

FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
The function of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is as a fat-soluble antioxidant, which breaks the chain of oxidation reactions which are propagating down a cell membrane or plasma protein by means of newly produced free radicals.

All cell membranes contain fats, and these are easily oxidized by free radical attack through the process of lipid peroxidation. 
This chain is broken by Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) which is a thousand times more susceptible to reaction with the peroxyl radicals than unsaturated fatty acids.

This causes the inactivation of the peroxyl radicals, while Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) itself becomes oxidized and loses its anti-oxidant activity. 
Vitamin C can regenerate the activity of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) after it is oxidized.  

This action of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is essential to the protection of the lipid bilayer of all cell membranes, as well as enzymes and membrane proteins.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) also strengthens cell-mediated immunity in several ways. 
However, this form of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) does not seem to have a protective effect on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer or cataracts. 

There is some evidence that Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) slows the progression of age-related macular degeneration and was beneficial in the management of diabetes type 2, as well as non-alcoholic liver disease.

WHAT IS ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E) USED FOR?
A Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) test may be used to:
Find out if you are absorbing enough Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), especially if you have a disorder that affects how your body uses Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E).

Check Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) levels in premature babies. 
Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy often lack Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) and may develop serious health problems if they aren't treated.
Find out if you are getting too much Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), especially if you have symptoms and have been taking Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) supplements.

BENEFITS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the best antioxidant. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) prevents the formation of free radicals and prevents degenerative diseases such as cancer.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) protects the cell from the harmful effects of free radicals, heavy metals, toxic compounds, drugs and radiation by stabilizing the lipid part of the cell membrane and carrier molecules. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is necessary for the activity of the immune system. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) protects the thymus gland and red blood cells. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) improves the immune system against viral diseases. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is vital for eye health. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is necessary for the development of the retina. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) prevents the cataract-forming effects of free radicals. 

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) protects against aging. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) prevents the degenerative effects of free radicals on tissues, skin and blood vessels.

IMPORTANCE OF DIET, ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. 
Follow carefully any diet program your health care professional may recommend. 

For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods. 
If you think that you are not getting enough vitamins and/or minerals in your diet, you may choose to take a dietary supplement.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is found in various foods including vegetable oils (corn, cottonseed, soybean, safflower), wheat germ, whole-grain cereals, and green leafy vegetables. 
Cooking and storage may destroy some of the Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in foods.

Vitamin supplements alone will not take the place of a good diet and will not provide energy. 
Your body also needs other substances found in food such as protein, minerals, carbohydrates, and fat. 

Vitamins themselves often cannot work without the presence of other foods. 
For example, small amounts of fat are needed so that Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) can be absorbed into the body.

Lack of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is extremely rare, except in people who have a disease in which it is not absorbed into the body.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is available without a prescription.

FOOD SOURCES OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is found in plant-based oils, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables.
*Wheat germ oil
*Sunflower, safflower, and soybean oil
*Sunflower seeds
*Almonds
*Peanuts, peanut butter
*Beet greens, collard greens, spinach
*Pumpkin
*Red bell pepper
*Asparagus
*Mangoes
*Avocados

BENEFITS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from free-radical damage and is an essential nutrient for heart muscle cells.
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is carefully tested and produced to the superior quality standards we’re known for.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the most biologically active form of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in humans. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in the human body compared to other forms of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). 

Its lipophilic nature allows Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) to integrate into cell membranes, where it exerts its protective antioxidant effects.
In summary, Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a vital nutrient with significant antioxidant properties, contributing to various health benefits and applications across multiple industries.

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) prevents a chemical reaction called oxidation, which can sometimes result in harmful effects in your body. 
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is also important for the proper function of nerves and muscles.

Some conditions may increase your need for Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). 
These include:
*Intestine disease
*Liver disease
*Pancreas disease
*Surgical removal of stomach
Increased need for Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) should be determined by your health care professional.

SYNTHESIS OF ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
To synthesize the ⍺-diastereomer selectively, tocol acetate is transformed to the naturally occurring, kinetically favored α-tocopherol after being catalyzed by the lipase enzyme. 
This reaction occurs under biological conditions, commonly in the digestive system.

*Stereoisomers;
Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) has three stereocenters, so it is a chiral molecule.
The eight stereoisomers of α-tocopherol differ in the configuration of these stereocenters. 

RRR-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the natural one.
The older name of RRR-α-tocopherol is d-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), but this d/l naming should no longer be used, because whether l-α-tocopherol should mean SSS enantiomer or the SRR diastereomer is not clear, from historical reasons. 

The SRR may be named 2-epi-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), the diastereomeric mixture of RRR-α-tocopherol and 2-epi-α-tocopherol may be called 2-ambo-α-tocopherol (formerly named dl-α-tocopherol). 

The mixture of all eight diastereomers is called all-rac-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E).
The Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) is the most active diastereomer biologically, while being maintained at a high level in plasma and tissues of many different animal species.

One IU of tocopherol is defined as 2⁄3 milligram of RRR-Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) (formerly named d-α-tocopherol). 
1 IU is also defined as 0.9 mg of an equal mix of the eight stereoisomers, which is a racemic mixture, all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate. 

This mix of stereoisomers is often called dl-α-tocopheryl acetate.
Starting with May 2016, the IU unit is made obsolete, such that 1 mg of "Vitamin E" is 1 mg of d-alpha-tocopherol or 2 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol

WHY DO I NEED A ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E) TEST?
You may need a Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) test if you have symptoms of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency (low levels of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E)) or Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) excess (high levels of Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E)).
Symptoms of a Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency often involve damage to the nerves and muscles. 

They include:
*Muscle weakness
*Loss of feeling in your arms and legs
*Problems walking and controlling your body movements
*Vision problems

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency is very uncommon in healthy people. 
Most of the time, it's caused by conditions that prevent your body from properly absorbing Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E), including:

*Crohn's disease
*Liver disease
*Cystic fibrosis
*Celiac disease
*Pancreatitis

Certain genetic disorders, including ataxia with Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency and abetalipoproteinemia (very uncommon)
Eating an extremely low-fat diet can also lead to a Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) deficiency.

Symptoms of too much Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) include:
*Diarrhea
*Nausea
*Fatigue

Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) excess is also uncommon. 
It usually happens from taking too many Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) supplements. 
Without treatment, too much Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) can increase your risk of bleeding, including bleeding in the brain, called a hemorrhagic stroke.

A generic descriptor for all tocopherols and tocotrienols that exhibit Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) activity. 
By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoids.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
Chemical formula: C29H50O2
Molar mass: 430.71 g/mol
Appearance: yellow-brown viscous liquid
Density: 0.950 g/cm3
Melting point: 2.5 to 3.5 °C (36.5 to 38.3 °F; 275.6 to 276.6 K)
Boiling point: 200 to 220 °C (392 to 428 °F; 473 to 493 K) at 0.1 mmHg
Solubility in water: insoluble
Solubility: soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, oils
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C29H50O2

CAS Number: 10191-41-0
Molecular Weight: 430.71
Beilstein: 94012
EC Number: 233-466-0
MDL number: MFCD00006848
UNSPSC Code: 12352205
eCl@ss: 34058016
PubChem Substance ID: 57648149
NACRES: NA.28
Physical state: viscous

Color: light yellow
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point: 2.5 - 3.5 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 208 - 210 °C at 0.0266 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 300 °C
pH: No data available

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 4.200 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0.00001 g/l at 20 °C 
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: > 6 - (External MSDS), Potential bioaccumulation
Vapor pressure: 13 hPa at 155 °C
Density: 0.95 g/mL at 20 °C
Relative density: 0.95 at 25 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 430.7 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 10.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 430.381080833 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 430.381080833 Da

Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 31
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 503
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 3
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

FIRST AID MEASURES of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

 
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL (VITAMIN E):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available