PRODUCTS

ALUMINIUM DISTEARATE

CAS No. : 300-92-5
EC No. : 206-101-8

Synonyms:
Stearic acid aluminum salt; Aluminium distearate purum, Al 4.5-6 %; Aluminium distearate, light; Aluminum hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O); aluminum hydroxide octadecanoate (1:1:2); Hydroxyaluminum distearate; aluminumhydroxidedistearate; aluminum trioctadecanoate; hydroxybis(octadecanoato-o)-aluminum; aluminumhydroxydistearate; octadecanoic acid - aluminum (2:1) hydrate; Stearic acid aluminum salt; aluminium; octadecanoate; hydroxide; aluminium distearate; aluminium hydroxide dioctadecanoate; aluminium hydroxide distearate; aluminium hydroxydistearate; aluminium, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-.kappa.O)-; aluminium, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-kappaO)-; aluminium, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)-; aluminium, hydroxybis(stearato)-; aluminum hydroxide dioctadecanoate; aluminum hydroxide distearate; aluminum hydroxydistearate; aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-.kappa.O)-; aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-kappaO)-; aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)-; ALUMINIUM DISTEARATE; aluminum, hydroxybis(stearato)-; di(octadecanoyloxy)aluminium; di(octadecanoyloxy)aluminum; hydroxyaluminium distearate; hydroxyaluminum distearate; hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)aluminium; hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)aluminum; octadecanoate, aluminium salt (2:1); octadecanoate, aluminum salt (2:1); Stearic Acid Aluminum Salt; Hydroxyaluminum distearate; ALUMINIUM DISTEARATE; Hydroxyaluminum distearate; Special M; Aluminum hydroxydistearate; Aluminium distearate; Aluminum hydroxide distearate; Aluminum, hydroxybis(stearato)-; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)-; HSDB 5487; Hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)aluminum; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-.kappa.O)-; Stearic acid aluminum salt; Aluminium distearate purum, Al 4.5-6 %; Aluminium distearate, light; Aluminum hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O); aluminum hydroxide octadecanoate (1:1:2); Hydroxyaluminium distearate, pure; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-kappaO)-; Aluminium distearate (light); C36H71AlO5; aluminium hydroxide distearate; hydroxybis(stearoyloxy)aluminum; aluminum hydroxide dioctadecanoate; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)- (9CI); Fatty Acids C12-C18, Aluminum Salts or Hydroxy Aluminum Distearate

Aluminium Distearate

Application
Aluminium distearate has been used in the preparation of Aluminum di-soaps[1].

Aluminium Distearate Properties (Theoretical)
Compound Formula   C36H71AlO5
Molecular Weight   610.93
Appearance   White powder
Melting Point   145-165 °C
Boiling Point   360°C
Density   5.35 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O   N/A
Exact Mass   610.511689
Monoisotopic Mass   610.511689

Aluminium Distearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

What Is It?
The Stearate salts, including Lithium Stearate, Aluminium Distearate, Aluminum Stearate, Aluminum Tristearate, Ammonium Stearate, Calcium Stearate, Magnesium Stearate, Potassium Stearate, Sodium Stearate, and Zinc Stearate are fine, white powders with a slight fatty odor. In cosmetics and personal care products, Stearate salts are used mainly in the formulation of makeup products such as eyeliner, eyeshadow, mascara, lipsticks, blushers, face powders and foundations. They are also used in fragrances, deodorants, and hair and skin care products.

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
The Stearate salts are generally used for their lubricating properties. They also help to keep emulsions from separating into their oil and liquid components. The Stearate salts increase the thickness of the lipid (oil) portion of cosmetics and personal care products and reduce the clear or transparent appearance of finished products.

Scientific Facts:
The commercial stearic acid from which the Stearate salts are manufactured is actually a mixture of monocarboxylic acids obtained from animal and/or vegetable sources.

ALUMINIUM DISTEARATE is classified as :
Anticaking
Emulsion stabilising
Opacifying
Viscosity controlling
CAS Number   300-92-5
EINECS/ELINCS No:   206-101-8
COSING REF No:   74211
Chem/IUPAC Name:   Hydroxyaluminium distearate

Odor: characteristic
Use: The hydrophobic nature of Aluminium Distearate makes it a good thickener and coating ingredient in a number of applications. See below for more details, and note that this product is approved by the FDA for applications in products that come into contact with food.

Use: Aluminium Distearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.

Aluminium distearate is prepared by the reaction of aqueous sodium stearate with aqueous aluminium sulfate or chloride at pH 7.3.

PRODUCT DETAILS & INFORMATION
Aluminium Distearate, also referred to as Aluminium Soap, has a variety of applications and uses, primarily as a thickener and a hydrophobic agent. See below for more details on the use of this product in different applications, which can include plastics, oil and gas additives, food and beverage, and various others. This product can be either vegetable or tallow based. Acme-Hardesty stocks the tallow based material, enabling us to complete your project quickly and efficiently. If you require vegetable based Aluminium Distearate material, please inquire about availability and lead times.Acme-Hardesty has been a leading provider of cost-effective solutions in the oleochemical industry for more than seven decades. We remain committed to helping customers and suppliers reach their specific operational goals. Our adherence to our core values of integrity, innovation and performance has enabled us to develop many enduring strategic alliances with companies in industries such as Food & Beverage, Cosmetics, Cleaners & Detergents, Metal Working Fluids, Renewable Chemistries, Surfactants and Esters, and many more.

USES & APPLICATIONS
CASE: Pigment Suspension and Thickening Agent in Paints, Enamels, Varnishes, Lacquers and Inks. Water Repellent for Leather, Rope and CementFood and Beverage: Aluminium Distearate is FDA Compliant for Food Contact as a Component of Adhesives, Resinous and Polymeric Coatings, Polymers, Adjuvants (Release Agents, Waxes and Dispersants) and as a Component of Paper or Paperboard in Contact with Aqueous and Fatty FoodsOil and Gas: Additive to Drilling Fluids to Release Gas BubblesPlastics: Lubricant in the Production of Polyamides and Thermosetting Plastics

GRADES AND FORMS AVAILABLE
Tallow, Veg, Powder

About this substance
Helpful information
This substance is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 per annum.

This substance is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Chemical Properties
White powder. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether. Forms gel with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Uses
Thickener in paints, inks, and greases; water repellent; lubricant in plastics and cordage; and in cement production.

Aluminium distearate is an organic compound which is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium. It has the molecular formula Al(OH)2C18H35O2. It is also referred to as dihydroxy(octadecanoato-O-)aluminium or dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium.

Aluminium distearate is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. It is usually safe in commercial products, but aluminium may accumulate in the body.

Properties
Chemical formula C18H37AlO4
Molar mass 344.472 g·mol−1

Antacids perform a neutralization reaction, ie. they buffer gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in the gasitrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous system. This happens when these nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid may also reach ulcers in the esophagus or the duodenum. Other mechanisms may contribute, such as the effect of aluminum ions inhibiting smooth muscle cell contraction and delaying gastric emptying. Aluminum is known to bind troponin C (a muscle protein) and to interfere with voltage-dependent calcium transport. Aluminum also binds to and inhibits the activity of mitochondrial voltage gated channels (VDAC).

Description
Aluminium distearate is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium with the molecular formula Al(OH)2C18H35O2. Also known as dihydroxyaluminium or dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium, it is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. While considered safe for use, extensive usage may result in aluminum accumulation.

Aluminium Stearate (C54H105AlO6) exists as white powder and is an aluminum salt of stearic acid. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticaking agent; colorant; emulsion stabilizer; and viscosity increasing agent. According to the FDA, aluminum stearate is considered safe for general or specific, limited use in food. Aluminium stearate is not classifiable as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).

Description Aluminium distearate is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium. It is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine. (5, 6, 7)

What is it?
Aluminium distearate (C54H105AlO6) exists as white powder and is an aluminum salt of stearic acid. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticaking agent; colorant; emulsion stabilizer; and viscosity increasing agent. According to the FDA, Aluminium distearate is considered safe for general or specific, limited use in food. Aluminium distearate is not classifiable as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).

Compound Type
Aluminum Compound
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Organic Compound
Organometallic
Synthetic Compound

Substituents
Carboxylic acid salt
Organic metal salt
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic salt
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

USES
Aluminium distearate is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics.

Use: Aluminium distearate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Organo-Metallics™ for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications. Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles (also see Nanotechnology and Quantum Dots) and by thin film deposition. Note American Elements additionally supplies many materials as solutions. Aluminum Monostearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety information is available.

Use: Aluminium distearate can be used in the preparation of colors for cosmetics and for the packaging of pharmaceuticals.

Aluminium distearate is the aluminum salt of the fatty acid, stearic acid.

What Is It?
The Stearate salts, including Lithium Stearate, Aluminum Distearate, Aluminium distearate, Aluminum Tristearate, Ammonium Stearate, Calcium Stearate, Magnesium Stearate, Potassium Stearate, Sodium Stearate, and Zinc Stearate are fine, white powders with a slight fatty odor. In cosmetics and personal care products, Stearate salts are used mainly in the formulation of makeup products such as eyeliner, eyeshadow, mascara, lipsticks, blushers, face powders and foundations. They are also used in fragrances, deodorants, and hair and skin care products.

Scientific Facts:
The commercial stearic acid from which the Stearate salts are manufactured is actually a mixture of monocarboxylic acids obtained from animal and/or vegetable sources.

Aluminium distearate is an organic compound which is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium. It has the molecular formula Al(OH)2C18H35O2. It is also referred to as
dihydroxy(octadecanoato-O-)aluminium or dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium.

It is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. It is usually safe in commercial products, but aluminium may accumulate
in the body

Aluminium distearate (aluminum distearate) is a white, wax-like powder (metallic soap) that dissolves in mineral spirits or hot oil. A small amount (2% or less) added to oil paint imparts a short, buttery consistency. It eliminates the separation of pigment and oil, thickens varnishes considerably. A concentrate of Aluminium distearate and linseed oil can be prepared ahead of time and added to the paint whenever needed.

Aluminium distearate is made via the precipitation process using high quality stearic acid and exhibits the following properties: Good gelling and thickening action, excellent water repellency, transparency and a synergistic effect with zinc stearate or calcium stearate.

The effects of metal soaps on pigments have been extensively studied. Aluminium distearate was found to coat the surface of pigment particles and helped prevent settling as well as reducing the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment. The amount of Aluminium distearate needed to coat pigments varied on a weight basis, but a solution of 2% by weight (weight of Aluminium distearate/weight of oil) of Aluminium distearate was more effective than 0.5% or 4% solutions in altering pigment surfaces (Gardner 1930). The soaps coat the surface of the pigments and by steric effects keep the particles from aggregating (Pilpel 1963), which helps to keep the particles in suspension.

With increasing amounts of Aluminium distearate the oil pigment mixture becomes viscous, and by using an appropriate amount of Aluminium distearate the paint can gel at a lower pigment concentration (Mayer 1965). This can be used to create a "cheaper" paint since a smaller amount of a costly pigment needs to be used. A significant advantage of using stearates is that the oil and pigment do not separate greatly over long periods of time in the paint tube. Manufacturers of artists' paints often use Aluminium distearate in their formulations without listing it as a component on the product label.

Solubility
Aluminium distearate exhibits relatively high solubility in hydrocarbon solvents (such as mineral spirits) when compared to other metallic stearates. It is insoluble in water, alcohol and ether; but is readily soluble in benzene, acids and common solvents when hot.

Storage
Aluminium distearate has long storage life if stored in cool and dry location.

USES
It has been used as a Drier, thickener, Emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminium distearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, Paper, Leather, Concrete, and Stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.

How to Use
Aluminium distearate dissolves in vegetable oils on heating and if a high enough concentration of the soap is used, gelling occurs on cooling. In the usual practice of making paints, the Aluminium distearate is ground with the pigment before the bulk of the oil is added. To prepare a concentrated solution (10% w/v), add 100 grams of Aluminium distearate (nearly fills a half liter measuring cup without compacting) to one liter of linseed oil. Heat the oil to about 150° C. and gradually slowly adding the white powder to the hot oil with stirring. Add one part of this solution to four parts of oil by weight of oil before adding to pigments and grinding.

There are multiple types of Aluminium distearates, generally classified as aluminum mono-, di-, and tri-stearate. They vary in terms of physical properties such as melting point, free
fatty acids, and particularly the gelling properties.

Oils with a low viscosity are best thickened by aluminum di- and tri-stearate, whilst very viscous oils from stiffer gel when combined with aluminum mono- or di-stearates.

All Aluminium distearates are highly hydrophobic, and feature outstanding transparency and excellent adhesion to metal surfaces. Due to their water repellency, aluminum di- and tri-stearate
are used as hydrophobic agents in the building industry.

How to Use
Aluminium distearate dissolves in vegetable oils on heating and if a high enough concentration of the soap is used, gelling occurs on cooling. In the usual practice of making paints,
the Aluminium distearate is ground with the pigment before the bulk of the oil is added. To prepare a concentrated solution (10% w/v), add 100 grams of Aluminium distearate (nearly fills a half liter measuring cup without compacting) to one liter of linseed oil. Heat the oil to about 150° C. and gradually slowly adding the white powder to the hot oil with stirring.
Add one part of this solution to four parts of oil by weight of oil before adding to pigments and grinding.

Aluminium distearate (C54H105AlO6) exists as white powder and is an aluminum salt of stearic acid. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticaking agent; colorant; emulsion
stabilizer; and viscosity increasing agent. According to the FDA, Aluminium distearate is considered safe for general or specific, limited use in food. Aluminium distearate is not
classifiable as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). A hard, thermoplastic white powder prepared from Tallow and Alum. Aluminium distearate forms gels with turpentine, Mineral spirits, and oils. It has been used as a Drier, thickener, Emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminium distearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, Paper, Leather, Concrete, and Stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.

Synonyms and Related Terms
aluminum tristearate; octadecanoic acid aluminum salt; stearic acid aluminum salt; Aluminium distearate white (AAT); stéarate d'aluminium (Fr.); Daiwax WA1; Metaspa XX; Rofob 3

Other Properties
Soluble in ethanol, benzene, turpentine and mineral oils.

Aluminium distearate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold by American Elements under the trade name AE Organo-Metallics™ for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications. Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles and by thin film deposition. Note American Elements additionally supplies many materials as solutions. Aluminium distearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety information is available.

Aluminium distearate is a fine, bulky, odourless and colourless powder forming a plastic mass when heated, having the properties both of organic and inorganic matter. It embraces most of the characteristics of other metallic stearates and is regarded as the most important of these. Several studies of the material have already appeared in past years.

Description
A hard, thermoplastic white powder prepared from Tallow and Alum. Aluminium distearate forms gels with turpentine, Mineral spirits, and oils. It has been used as a Drier, thickener, Emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminium distearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, Paper, Leather, Concrete, and Stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.

Aluminium distearate is a white, wax-like powder (metallic soap) that dissolves in mineral spirits or hot oil. A small amount (2% or less) added to oil paint imparts a short, buttery consistency. It eliminates the separation of pigment and oil, thickens varnishes considerably. A concentrate of Aluminium distearate and linseed oil can be prepared ahead of time and added to the paint whenever needed.

Storage
Aluminium distearate has long storage life if stored in cool and dry location.

The earliest and simplest oil paints were mixtures of pigments and drying oils. Eventually driers, resins, fillers, sometimes adulterants and suspension aids were also added. Aluminium distearate was one of the components introduced in the 20th century. The gelling of oil solutions by aluminum soaps was known since at least the late 19th century but the use of Aluminium distearate to alter the properties of paint did not come into use until much later. Church in 1901 mentions the use of "linoleate or oleate of alumina" to prevent the "subsidence" of vermilion in tubes (Church 1901), a comment not found in the 1890 edition (Church 1890). No further mention is made of this or similar materials until decades later even in Gardner's test protocols of 1911, the first of a series of books which would become the industry standard for paint analysis (Gardner 1911).

Aluminium distearate has been used to help suspend pigments in oil to prevent separation, to reduce the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment, and/or to increase the body of the paint by forming a gel with the oil thereby requiring less pigment.

Research into the use of aluminum and zinc stearates as aids to grinding pigments and preventing settling or separation of pigment from vehicle (medium) resulted in a patent application in 1920 and issue of U.S. patent #1,421, 625 on July 23, 1922 to Clarence A. Ward. The Aluminium distearate was added in a range of from 1 to 5% by weight. U.S. patent #1,428,273 describing a variation of this procedure but using unsaturated mineral oils as a vehicle and aluminum soaps (stearate, palmitate etc.) to "jellify" the oil was issued on September 5, 1922 to W. A. Collings.

A 1923 commercial painters manual, however, does not list these soaps (Kelly 1923), but by 1927 the fourth edition of Gardner's paint testing manual states: "Aluminium distearate has been used in considerable quantities during recent years, in the paint and varnish industries." (Gardner 1927, p. 664). A British test manual of 1927, however, fails to mention Aluminium distearate or its class of materials (Fox and Bowles 1927). So at least by the early to mid 1920's Aluminium distearate was available for commercial use and by implication use in artists' paints.

In regard to the wetting of pigments, the small amounts of free fatty acids normally present in pressed oils helped form soaps at the pigment interface, aided dispersion, and improved settling characteristics. Alkali refined linseed with its low free acid content created settling problems which were mediated by pigments precoated with metal soaps.

When Aluminium distearate was first introduced to artists' paints specifically is not known, but it is directly mentioned in a 1942 painting materials review (Gettens and Stout 1942) and in a paper by Levison in 1949 when he wrote " ... the use of Aluminium distearate, customary for several decades, was openly declared, .." (Levison 1949 p. 826). He also notes that this soap can be added in quantities up to 2% of the grind without perceptible dilution of pigment color.

Unlike calcium and zinc stearates that are available as 100% pure salts, the Aluminium distearate as used in commerce is a non-stoichiometric compound. The trivalent aluminum may be united with one or two stearate anions with the balance of the charge being neutralized by hydroxyl anions (Elliott 1946; Pilpel 1971). Aqueous systems for the preparation or use of disalts seems to lead to a range of products containing varying amounts of stearate, hydroxyl, and water units (Pilpel 1963). Anhydrous systems are needed to prepare stearates higher than the di-salt. Commercial preparations of Aluminium distearate may also contain anywhere from 2 to 7% by weight free stearic acid (Pilpel 1971; Witco 1999). Analysis by weight of two commercial specimens by the author showed free stearic acid as 2 and 3% respectively. Early preparations may also contain significant amounts of palmitate (from palmitic acid) since the commercial stearic acid used in the preparation of metal soaps was often only 90% pure. Other fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic etc.) were also present as impurities (Pilpel 1971).

Aluminium distearate dissolves in vegetable oils on heating and if a high enough concentration of the soap is used, gelling occurs on cooling. In the usual practice of making paints, the Aluminium distearate is ground with the pigment before the bulk of the oil is added.

In a series of experiments Gardner tested the effects of metal soaps on pigments. Aluminium distearate was found to coat the surface of pigment particles and helped prevent settling as well as reducing the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment. The amount of Aluminium distearate needed to coat pigments varied on a weight basis, but a solution of 2% by weight (wt stearate/wt oil) Aluminium distearate was more effective than 0.5% or 4% solutions in altering the surface (Gardner 1930). The soaps coat the surface of the pigments and by steric effects or electrical charge mechanisms keep the particles from aggregating (Pilpel 1966). This keeps the pigments in suspension.

At present the manufacturers of artists' paints often use Aluminium distearate in their formulations without listing it as a component.