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ALUMINIUM TRISTEARATE

CAS No. : 637-12-7
EC No. : 211-279-5

Synonyms:
Octadecanoic acid, aluminum salt (3:1); Stearic acid aluminum salt; Aluminium tristearate purum, Al 4.5-6 %; Aluminium tristearate, light; Aluminum hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O); aluminum hydroxide octadecanoate (1:1:2); Hydroxyaluminum distearate; aluminumhydroxidedistearate; aluminum trioctadecanoate; hydroxybis(octadecanoato-o)-aluminum; aluminumhydroxydistearate; octadecanoic acid - aluminum (2:1) hydrate; Stearic acid aluminum salt; aluminium; octadecanoate; hydroxide; aluminium tristearate; aluminium hydroxide dioctadecanoate; aluminium hydroxide distearate; aluminium hydroxydistearate; aluminium, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-.kappa.O)-; aluminium, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-kappaO)-; aluminium, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)-; aluminium, hydroxybis(stearato)-; aluminum hydroxide dioctadecanoate; aluminum hydroxide distearate; aluminum hydroxydistearate; aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-.kappa.O)-; aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-kappaO)-; aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)-; ALUMINIUM TRISTEARATE; aluminum, hydroxybis(stearato)-; di(octadecanoyloxy)aluminium; di(octadecanoyloxy)aluminum; hydroxyaluminium distearate; hydroxyaluminum distearate; hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)aluminium; hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)aluminum; octadecanoate, aluminium salt (2:1); octadecanoate, aluminum salt (2:1); Stearic Acid Aluminum Salt; Hydroxyaluminum distearate; ALUMINIUM TRISTEARATE; Hydroxyaluminum distearate; Special M; Aluminum hydroxydistearate; Aluminium tristearate; Aluminum hydroxide distearate; Aluminum, hydroxybis(stearato)-; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)-; HSDB 5487; Hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)aluminum; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-.kappa.O)-; Stearic acid aluminum salt; Aluminium distearate purum, Al 4.5-6 %; Aluminium tristearate, light; Aluminum hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O); aluminum hydroxide octadecanoate (1:1:2); Hydroxyaluminium distearate, pure; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-kappaO)-; Aluminium distearate (light); C36H71AlO5; aluminium hydroxide distearate; hydroxybis(stearoyloxy)aluminum; aluminum hydroxide dioctadecanoate; Aluminum, hydroxybis(octadecanoato-O)- (9CI); Fatty Acids C12-C18, Aluminum Salts or Hydroxy Aluminum Distearate

Aluminium Tristearate

About Aluminium tristearate
Aluminium tristearate has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about this substance from registration dossiers.
Aluminium tristearate is used at industrial sites.

Uses of Aluminium Tristearate at industrial sites
Aluminium tristearate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.Aluminium tristearate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Aluminium tristearate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Release to the environment of Aluminium tristearate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

What Is Aluminium Tristearate?
The Stearate salts, including Lithium Stearate, Aluminum Distearate, Aluminum Stearate, Aluminium Tristearate, Ammonium Stearate, Calcium Stearate, Magnesium Stearate, Potassium Stearate, Sodium Stearate, and Zinc Stearate are fine, white powders with a slight fatty odor. In cosmetics and personal care products, Stearate salts are used mainly in the formulation of makeup products such as eyeliner, eyeshadow, mascara, lipsticks, blushers, face powders and foundations. They are also used in fragrances, deodorants, and hair and skin care products.

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
The Stearate salts are generally used for their lubricating properties. They also help to keep emulsions from separating into their oil and liquid components. The Stearate salts increase the thickness of the lipid (oil) portion of cosmetics and personal care products and reduce the clear or transparent appearance of finished products.

The commercial stearic acid from which the Stearate salts are manufactured is actually a mixture of monocarboxylic acids obtained from animal and/or vegetable sources.

Synonyms and Related Terms
aluminum tristearate; octadecanoic acid aluminum salt; stearic acid aluminum salt; Aluminium tristearate white (AAT); stéarate d'aluminium (Fr.)

Other Properties
Soluble in ethanol, benzene, turpentine and mineral oils.

Odor: characteristic
Use: Aluminium Stearate is commonly used as a paint and varnish dryer, waterproofing agent, defoaming agent, cement additive, in lubricants, cutting compounds, and in some food and pharmaceutical products.

Potential Uses of Aluminium Tristearate:
    emollients
    emulsion stabilisers
    opacifying agents
    viscosity controlling agents

The earliest and simplest oil paints were mixtures of pigments and drying oils. Eventually driers, resins, fillers, sometimes adulterants and suspension aids were also added. Aluminium tristearate was one of the components introduced in the 20th century. The gelling of oil solutions by aluminum soaps was known since at least the late 19th century but the use of Aluminium tristearate to alter the properties of paint did not come into use until much later. Church in 1901 mentions the use of "linoleate or oleate of alumina" to prevent the "subsidence" of vermilion in tubes (Church 1901), a comment not found in the 1890 edition (Church 1890). No further mention is made of this or similar materials until decades later even in Gardner's test protocols of 1911, the first of a series of books which would become the industry standard for paint analysis (Gardner 1911).

Aluminium tristearate has been used to help suspend pigments in oil to prevent separation, to reduce the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment, and/or to increase the body of the paint by forming a gel with the oil thereby requiring less pigment.

Research into the use of aluminum and zinc stearates as aids to grinding pigments and preventing settling or separation of pigment from vehicle (medium) resulted in a patent application in 1920 and issue of U.S. patent #1,421, 625 on July 23, 1922 to Clarence A. Ward. The Aluminium tristearate was added in a range of from 1 to 5% by weight. U.S. patent #1,428,273 describing a variation of this procedure but using unsaturated mineral oils as a vehicle and aluminum soaps (stearate, palmitate etc.) to "jellify" the oil was issued on September 5, 1922 to W. A. Collings.

In regard to the wetting of pigments, the small amounts of free fatty acids normally present in pressed oils helped form soaps at the pigment interface, aided dispersion, and improved settling characteristics. Alkali refined linseed with its low free acid content created settling problems which were mediated by pigments precoated with metal soaps.

Unlike calcium and zinc stearates that are available as 100% pure salts, the Aluminium tristearate as used in commerce is a non-stoichiometric compound. The trivalent aluminum may be united with one or two stearate anions with the balance of the charge being neutralized by hydroxyl anions (Elliott 1946; Pilpel 1971). Aqueous systems for the preparation or use of disalts seems to lead to a range of products containing varying amounts of stearate, hydroxyl, and water units. Anhydrous systems are needed to prepare stearates higher than the di-salt. Commercial preparations of Aluminium tristearate may also contain anywhere from 2 to 7% by weight free stearic acid (Pilpel 1971; Witco 1999). Analysis by weight of two commercial specimens by the author showed free stearic acid as 2 and 3% respectively. Early preparations may also contain significant amounts of palmitate (from palmitic acid) since the commercial stearic acid used in the preparation of metal soaps was often only 90% pure. Other fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic etc.) were also present as impurities.

Product details of Aluminium tristearate
Aluminium tristearate, also referred to as Aluminium Soap, has a variety of applications and uses, primarily as a thickener and a hydrophobic agent. See below for more details on the use of this product in different applications, which can include plastics, oil and gas additives, food and beverage, and various others. This product can be either vegetable or tallow based. Acme-Hardesty stocks the tallow based material, enabling us to complete your project quickly and efficiently. If you require vegetable based Aluminium tristearate material, please inquire about availability and lead times.Acme-Hardesty has been a leading provider of cost-effective solutions in the oleochemical industry for more than seven decades. We remain committed to helping customers and suppliers reach their specific operational goals. Our adherence to our core values of integrity, innovation and performance has enabled us to develop many enduring strategic alliances with companies in industries such as Food & Beverage, Cosmetics, Cleaners & Detergents, Metal Working Fluids, Renewable Chemistries, Surfactants and Esters, and many more.

Uses and Applications of Aluminium tristearate
Pigment Suspension and Thickening Agent in Paints, Enamels, Varnishes, Lacquers and Inks. Water Repellent for Leather, Rope and CementFood and Beverage: Aluminium tristearate is FDA Compliant for Food Contact as a Component of Adhesives, Resinous and Polymeric Coatings, Polymers, Adjuvants (Release Agents, Waxes and Dispersants) and as a Component of Paper or Paperboard in Contact with Aqueous and Fatty FoodsOil and Gas: Additive to Drilling Fluids to Release Gas BubblesPlastics: Lubricant in the Production of Polyamides and Thermosetting Plastics

About Aluminium Tristearate
Aluminium Tristearate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 per annum.

Aluminium Tristearate is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Chemical Properties
White powder. Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether. Forms gel with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Uses
Thickener in paints, inks, and greases; water repellent; lubricant in plastics and cordage; and in cement production.

In a series of experiments Gardner tested the effects of metal soaps on pigments. Aluminium tristearate was found to coat the surface of pigment particles and helped prevent settling as well as reducing the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment. The amount of Aluminium tristearate needed to coat pigments varied on a weight basis, but a solution of 2% by weight (wt stearate/wt oil) Aluminium tristearate was more effective than 0.5% or 4% solutions in altering the surface (Gardner 1930). The soaps coat the surface of the pigments and by steric effects or electrical charge mechanisms keep the particles from aggregating (Pilpel 1966). This keeps the pigments in suspension.

With increasing amounts of Aluminium tristearate the oil pigment mixture becomes viscous, and by using an appropriate amount of Aluminium tristearate the paint can gel at a lower pigment concentration (Mayer 1965). This can be used to create a "cheaper" paint since a smaller amount of a costly pigment needs to be used. A significant advantage of using stearates is that the oil and pigment do not separate greatly over long periods of time in the paint tube.

Aluminium tristearate is an organic compound which is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium. It has the molecular formula Al(OH)2C18H35O2. It is also referred to as dihydroxy(octadecanoato-O-)aluminium or dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium.

Aluminium tristearate is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. It is usually safe in commercial products, but aluminium may accumulate in the body.

Properties of Aluminium Tristearate
Chemical formula C18H37AlO4
Molar mass 344.472 g·mol−1

Antacids perform a neutralization reaction, ie. they buffer gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in the gasitrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous system. This happens when these nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid may also reach ulcers in the esophagus or the duodenum. Other mechanisms may contribute, such as the effect of aluminum ions inhibiting smooth muscle cell contraction and delaying gastric emptying. Aluminum is known to bind troponin C (a muscle protein) and to interfere with voltage-dependent calcium transport. Aluminum also binds to and inhibits the activity of mitochondrial voltage gated channels (VDAC).

Description of Aluminium tristearate
Aluminium tristearate is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium with the molecular formula Al(OH)2C18H35O2. Also known as dihydroxyaluminium or dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium, it is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. While considered safe for use, extensive usage may result in aluminum accumulation.

Aluminium Stearate (C54H105AlO6) exists as white powder and is an aluminum salt of stearic acid. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticaking agent; colorant; emulsion stabilizer; and viscosity increasing agent. According to the FDA, aluminum stearate is considered safe for general or specific, limited use in food. Aluminium stearate is not classifiable as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).

Description
Aluminium tristearate is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium. It is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is always found combined with other elements such as oxygen, silicon, and fluorine. (5, 6, 7)

What is Aluminium Tristearate?
Aluminium tristearate (C54H105AlO6) exists as white powder and is an aluminum salt of stearic acid. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticaking agent; colorant; emulsion stabilizer; and viscosity increasing agent. According to the FDA, Aluminium tristearate is considered safe for general or specific, limited use in food. Aluminium tristearate is not classifiable as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).

Compound Type
Aluminum Compound
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Organic Compound
Organometallic
Synthetic Compound

The commercial stearic acid from which the Stearate salts are manufactured is actually a mixture of monocarboxylic acids obtained from animal and/or vegetable sources.

Aluminium tristearate is an organic compound which is a salt of stearic acid and aluminium. It has the molecular formula Al(OH)2C18H35O2. It is also referred to as
dihydroxy(octadecanoato-O-)aluminium or dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium.

It is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics. It is usually safe in commercial products, but aluminium may accumulate
in the body

Aluminium tristearate (aluminum distearate) is a white, wax-like powder (metallic soap) that dissolves in mineral spirits or hot oil. A small amount (2% or less) added to oil paint imparts a short, buttery consistency. It eliminates the separation of pigment and oil, thickens varnishes considerably. A concentrate of Aluminium tristearate and linseed oil can be prepared ahead of time and added to the paint whenever needed.

Aluminium tristearate is made via the precipitation process using high quality stearic acid and exhibits the following properties: Good gelling and thickening action, excellent water repellency, transparency and a synergistic effect with zinc stearate or calcium stearate.

The effects of metal soaps on pigments have been extensively studied. Aluminium tristearate was found to coat the surface of pigment particles and helped prevent settling as well as reducing the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment. The amount of Aluminium tristearate needed to coat pigments varied on a weight basis, but a solution of 2% by weight (weight of Aluminium tristearate/weight of oil) of Aluminium tristearate was more effective than 0.5% or 4% solutions in altering pigment surfaces (Gardner 1930). The soaps coat the surface of the pigments and by steric effects keep the particles from aggregating (Pilpel 1963), which helps to keep the particles in suspension.

Solubility
Aluminium tristearate exhibits relatively high solubility in hydrocarbon solvents (such as mineral spirits) when compared to other metallic stearates. It is insoluble in water, alcohol and ether; but is readily soluble in benzene, acids and common solvents when hot.

Storage
Aluminium tristearate has long storage life if stored in cool and dry location.

USES of Aluminium Tristearate
Aluminium tristearate is used to form gels in the packaging of pharmaceuticals, and in the preparation of colors for cosmetics.

Use: Aluminium tristearate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Organo-Metallics™ for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications. Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles (also see Nanotechnology and Quantum Dots) and by thin film deposition. Note American Elements additionally supplies many materials as solutions. Aluminum Monostearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety information is available.

Use: Aluminium tristearate can be used in the preparation of colors for cosmetics and for the packaging of pharmaceuticals.

Aluminium tristearate is the aluminum salt of the fatty acid, stearic acid.

What Is Aluminium Tristearate?
The Stearate salts, including Lithium Stearate, Aluminum Distearate, Aluminium tristearate, Aluminum Tristearate, Ammonium Stearate, Calcium Stearate, Magnesium Stearate, Potassium Stearate, Sodium Stearate, and Zinc Stearate are fine, white powders with a slight fatty odor. In cosmetics and personal care products, Stearate salts are used mainly in the formulation of makeup products such as eyeliner, eyeshadow, mascara, lipsticks, blushers, face powders and foundations. They are also used in fragrances, deodorants, and hair and skin care products.

Aluminium tristearate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold by American Elements under the trade name AE Organo-Metallics™ for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications. Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles and by thin film deposition. Note American Elements additionally supplies many materials as solutions. Aluminium tristearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety information is available.

Aluminium tristearate is a fine, bulky, odourless and colourless powder forming a plastic mass when heated, having the properties both of organic and inorganic matter. It embraces most of the characteristics of other metallic stearates and is regarded as the most important of these. Several studies of the material have already appeared in past years.

The effects of metal soaps on pigments have been extensively studied. Aluminium tristearate was found to coat the surface of pigment particles and helped prevent settling as well as reducing the amount of oil needed to wet the pigment. The amount of Aluminium tristearate needed to coat pigments varied on a weight basis, but a solution of 2% by weight (weight of Aluminium tristearate/weight of oil) of Aluminium tristearate was more effective than 0.5% or 4% solutions in altering pigment surfaces. The soaps coat the surface of the pigments and by steric effects keep the particles from aggregating, which helps to keep the particles in suspension.

Description
A hard, thermoplastic white powder prepared from Tallow and Alum. Aluminium tristearate forms gels with turpentine, Mineral spirits, and oils. It has been used as a Drier, thickener, Emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminium tristearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, Paper, Leather, Concrete, and Stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.

Aluminium tristearate is a white, wax-like powder (metallic soap) that dissolves in mineral spirits or hot oil. A small amount (2% or less) added to oil paint imparts a short, buttery consistency. It eliminates the separation of pigment and oil, thickens varnishes considerably. A concentrate of Aluminium tristearate and linseed oil can be prepared ahead of time and added to the paint whenever needed.

Uses of Aluminium tristearate
It has been used as a Drier, thickener, Emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminium tristearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, Paper, Leather, Concrete, and Stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.

Aluminium tristearate dissolves in vegetable oils on heating and if a high enough concentration of the soap is used, gelling occurs on cooling. In the usual practice of making paints, the Aluminium tristearate is ground with the pigment before the bulk of the oil is added. To prepare a concentrated solution (10% w/v), add 100 grams of Aluminium tristearate (nearly fills a half liter measuring cup without compacting) to one liter of linseed oil. Heat the oil to about 150° C. and gradually slowly adding the white powder to the hot oil with stirring. Add one part of this solution to four parts of oil by weight of oil before adding to pigments and grinding.

There are multiple types of Aluminium tristearates, generally classified as aluminum mono-, di-, and tri-stearate. They vary in terms of physical properties such as melting point, free
fatty acids, and particularly the gelling properties.

Oils with a low viscosity are best thickened by aluminum di- and tri-stearate, whilst very viscous oils from stiffer gel when combined with aluminum mono- or di-stearates.

All Aluminium tristearates are highly hydrophobic, and feature outstanding transparency and excellent adhesion to metal surfaces. Due to their water repellency, aluminum di- and tri-stearate
are used as hydrophobic agents in the building industry.

Aluminium tristearate exhibits relatively high solubility in hydrocarbon solvents (such as mineral spirits) when compared to other metallic stearates. It is insoluble in water, alcohol and ether; but is readily soluble in benzene, acids and common solvents when hot.

How to Use
Aluminium tristearate dissolves in vegetable oils on heating and if a high enough concentration of the soap is used, gelling occurs on cooling. In the usual practice of making paints,
the Aluminium tristearate is ground with the pigment before the bulk of the oil is added. To prepare a concentrated solution (10% w/v), add 100 grams of Aluminium tristearate (nearly fills a half liter measuring cup without compacting) to one liter of linseed oil. Heat the oil to about 150° C. and gradually slowly adding the white powder to the hot oil with stirring.
Add one part of this solution to four parts of oil by weight of oil before adding to pigments and grinding.

Aluminium tristearate (C54H105AlO6) exists as white powder and is an aluminum salt of stearic acid. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anticaking agent; colorant; emulsion
stabilizer; and viscosity increasing agent. According to the FDA, Aluminium tristearate is considered safe for general or specific, limited use in food. Aluminium tristearate is not
classifiable as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent). A hard, thermoplastic white powder prepared from Tallow and Alum. Aluminium tristearate forms gels with turpentine, Mineral spirits, and oils. It has been used as a Drier, thickener, Emulsifier, and matting agent in paints and varnishes although excess amounts produce soft, noncohesive films. Aluminium tristearate is also used to waterproof fabrics, ropes, Paper, Leather, Concrete, and Stucco. It is used as an ingredient in photographic emulsions.

Aluminium tristearate has long storage life if stored in cool and dry location.

Use of Aluminium Tristearate:
Aluminium Stearate is one of numerous organo-metallic compounds sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Organo-Metallics™ for uses requiring non-aqueous solubility such as recent solar energy and water treatment applications. Similar results can sometimes also be achieved with Nanoparticles (also see Nanotechnology and Quantum Dots) and by thin film deposition. Note American Elements additionally supplies many materials as solutions. Aluminum Stearate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Additional technical, research and safety information is available.