ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE

Aluminum Phosphate is a chemical compound. 
In nature Aluminum Phosphate occurs as the mineral berlinite.
Many synthetic forms of aluminium phosphate are known. 
They have framework structures similar to zeolites and some are used as catalysts, ion-exchangers or molecular sieves.
Commercial aluminium phosphate gel is available.

CAS Number: 7784-30-7 
EC Number: 232-056-9
IUPAC Name: aluminum phosphate
Chemical Formula: AlPO4

Other names: 7784-30-7, ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, Phosphaljel, Aluminum acid phosphate, Aluphos, Aluminum phosphate (1:1), Aluminophosphoric acid, Aluminiumphosphat, Phosphoric acid, aluminum salt (1:1), FFB 32, Aluminium phosphate gel, F92V3S521O, Aluminum phosphate (USP), Aluminum phosphate [USP], Phosphoric acid, aluminium salt (1:1), Fosfalumina, Phosphaluvet, Fabutit 320, Fabutit 748, Aluminium Phosphoricum, Aluminium orthophosphate, Aluminophosphate (AlPO4), aluminium(3+) ion phosphate, FB 67, 232-056-9, Monoaluminum phosphate, Phosphoric acid, aluminum salt, basic, AlO4P, MFCD00003430, 56574-68-6, Phosphalugel, Aluminumphosphate, Aluminum Phosphoric Acid, Aluminiumphosphat [German], aluminum;phosphate, Aluminum monophosphate; Aluminum orthophosphate; Phosphalutab; Phosphaluvet; Rehydraphos, aluminium orthophosphate, Aluminium phosphate, pure, EINECS 232-056-9, UNII-F92V3S521O, Aluminium orthophosphate, natural, Phosphaljel (TN), EC 232-056-9, Aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, SCHEMBL22451, 98499-64-0, Aluminum phosphate, Puratronic, ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE [MI], CHEMBL3833315, DTXSID5064839, ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE [VANDF], ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE (1:1), ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE [MART.], ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD], AKOS015856690, DB14517, ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE [USP IMPURITY], NS00080791, D02862

Aluminum Phosphate is also used in the pharmaceutical industry for manufacturing chemotherapeutic drugs. 
Aluminum Phosphate occurs naturally in the form of the mineral berlinite. 

Aluminum Phosphate is prepared chemically when soluble Aluminium salts are exposed to alkaline conditions. 
Aluminum Phosphate is represented as AlPO4, which consists of hydrated Aluminium Orthophosphate. 
The Aluminum Phosphate solutions form polymeric aggregates wherein equilibrium is reached very slowly. 

Aluminum Phosphate forms soluble Aluminium salts and Phosphoric acid by slowly reacting with Gastric acid. 
However, Aluminum Phosphate absorbs the bile acids weaker than Aluminium Hydroxide. 
Here, we will learn what is Aluminium Phosphate, what is the formula for Aluminium Phosphate, what is Aluminium Phosphate used for, and the properties of Aluminium Phosphate.

Aluminum Phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Aluminum Phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Colorless, odorless, extremely viscous liquid or white powder. 
soluble in water. 
Aluminum Phosphate is used as a binder for refractory materials, mainly used in the electrical industry, high temperature furnaces, heat treatment resistance furnaces and electrical insulation. 
Aluminum Phosphate is also used in petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding and space technology. 
Aluminum Phosphate can also be used as an inorganic coating in conjunction with an organic coating.

Berlinite of Aluminum Phosphate:
AlPO4 is isoelectronic with Si2O4, silicon dioxide. 
Berlinite looks like quartz and has a structure that is similar to quartz with silicon replaced by Al and P. 

The AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra alternate. 
Like quartz, AlPO4 exhibits chirality and piezoelectric properties.
When heated, crystalline AlPO4 (berlinite) converts to tridymite and cristobalite forms, and this mirrors the behaviour of silicon dioxide.

Study of composition and structure of aluminum phosphate binder
In this article, theoretical analysis and different testing techniques were used to study the reaction pathways and synthesized products of phosphoric acid and aluminum hydroxide at different Al/P molar ratios. 
The results show that: (a) When the molar ratio of phosphoric acid/aluminum hydroxide is 1:3, the reaction will produce stoichiometric aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (Al(H2PO4)3); (b) when Al(OH)3 is excessive, an intermediate, monohydroxy aluminum dihydrogen phospate (HO-Al-(H2PO4)2), will appear, which is unstable and will continue to react according to two reaction pathways, one is intramolecular dehydration to form phosphoric acid hydrogen-dihydrogen aluminum diphosphate (H2PO4)Al(HPO4); the other is intermolecular dehydration cross-linking to form a polymeric macromolecular aluminum phosphate H-((HPO4)(H2PO4)Al-O-HPO4-Al(H2PO4)-O)- nH. 

The ratio of the two pathways is affected by the excess of Al(OH)3. 
When the excess of Al(OH)3 continues to increase, the ratio of the second reaction path begins to increase and the viscosity of the product gradually increases. 
Adhesion experiments show that the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate has the best bonding performance benefiting from Aluminum Phosphate lower viscosity.

Aluminum Phosphate Market: Introduction
Aluminum Phosphate is classified as the primary building block and a key ingredient in the synthesis of refractory materials. 
In the commercial market, Aluminum Phosphate is highly recommended as a binding and curing material in the processing of high-temperature refractory materials.
These Aluminum Phosphate-based refractory materials are adopted in different end-use industries such as glass, ceramic and steel, to name a few. 
Moreover, Aluminum Phosphate is adopted for the formulation of metal coating material.

Aluminum Phosphate is colourless & odourless in nature as well as highly soluble in water & solvent at normal room temperature. 
On an industrial scale, Aluminum Phosphate is synthesised through the acid-base neutralisation process between phosphoric acid and high-purity aluminium hydroxide. 
Aluminum Phosphate is commercially available in two forms: powder form and liquid form.

These forms of Aluminum Phosphate can be derived by changing the molar ratio of the reactants used during the acid-base neutralisation process. 
The preparation of powder form Aluminum Phosphate requires excessive moles of phosphoric acid during the synthesis process.

Aluminum Phosphate manufactures change the process parameters to tailor make Aluminum Phosphate according to the needs of end users, i.e., steel manufacturers and glass manufacturers, to name a few. 
At a commercial level, Aluminum Phosphate manufacturers provide their products in different SKUs, i.e., in packs of different sizes, to cater to the demands of small and large end users.

Aluminum Phosphate Market: Market Dynamics
Aluminum Phosphate is gaining potential as a key material for binding & curing applications in refractory applications, which are used in numerous industries such as  steel, cement and glass, to name a few. 
Increase in the production of glass, ceramic and steel is expected to create substantial demand for Aluminum Phosphate across the globe.

There has been significant growth in the infrastructure as well as commercial & residential construction sectors in high-growth regions such as China, India and other ASEAN countries in the recent past, primarily due to rapid growth in population, which has resulted in rapid growth in the demand for steel, cement, glass and nonferrous metals. 
These factors are also creating potential demand for Aluminum Phosphate.

The steel industry alone has been consuming almost more than 50% of the total refractory volume consumption across the globe, and this is expected to steadily drive the demand for the Aluminum Phosphate-based refractory materials used by these industries as a result of increased manufacturing requirements and capacity expansions.
However, refractory businesses in several regions are suffering financial setbacks, which is likely to restrain the growth of the Aluminum Phosphate market.

Aluminum Phosphate Market: Region Wise Trends
China is expected continue to dominate the global Aluminum Phosphate market. 
The rapid development of infrastructure and major industrial activities in the mining, metallurgy, glass, steel and cement sectors in the country is expected to fuel the demand for manufacturing plants that require better quality refractory materials, thereby promoting the growth of the Aluminum Phosphate market. 
Increase in construction activity in commercial as well as residential sectors in ASEAN and India is expected to drive the demand for Aluminum Phosphate for cement production.

Furthermore, increase in the spending on infrastructure, especially in mega projects such as the redevelopment of Tokyo and Olympics in 2020, has led to the high demand for steel and excessive demand for Aluminum Phosphate. 
In addition to the demand generated on account of mega projects, the introduction of economic stimulus packages by the government is also likely to boost the demand for steel, which is estimated to boost the Aluminum Phosphate market in developed regions such as North America & Europe.

The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry-validated market data. 
Aluminum Phosphate also contains projections using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. 
The research report provides analysis and information according to market segments such as geographies, application, and industry.

Aluminum Phosphate Market: Segmentation

On the basis of form, the Aluminum Phosphate market can be segmented as:
Powder Aluminum Phosphate
Liquid Aluminum Phosphate

On the basis of application, the Aluminum Phosphate market can be segmented as:
Binder Agent
Curing agent
Coating formulation

On the basis of end use, the Aluminum Phosphate market can be segmented as:
Steel
Cement
Non-ferrous Metal
Glass
Others

Properties of Aluminum Phosphate:
Aluminium dihydrogen phosphate is a type of colorless and odorless but extremely sticky liquid, freely soluble in water and solidifiable at normal room temperature.
Aluminum Phosphate has strong binding force in liquid or solid states and good resistance to peeling, high temperature, vibration and hi-temp air stream. 
Besides Aluminum Phosphate has good infrared absorbability and insulativity. 

Physical properties of Aluminum Phosphate:
Aluminium dihydrogen phosphate is a type of colorless and odorless but extremely stickyliquid, freely soluble in water and solidifiable at normal room temperature.

The liquid and solid have strong chemical binding force, high temperature resistance，vibration resistance,peelingresistance, and high temperature airflow erosion resistance. 
And has good infrared absorption capacity and insulation.

Application of Mono Aluminum Phosphate:
Colorless transparent viscous liquid or white powder, easily soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is acidic. 
Strong chemical bonding, curing at room temperature, high temperature resistance, strong infrared absorption ability and good insulation.

Mainly used in the electrical industry, high temperature furnaces, heat treatment resistance furnaces and electrical insulation.
Aluminum Phosphate is also used in petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding and space technology. 
Aluminum Phosphate can also be used as an inorganic coating in conjunction with an organic coating.

Aluminum Phosphate is mainly used as binder and curing agent in the production of hi-temp refractorymaterials for kiln, spray paint,Fire clay, casting and foundry industry.
Mono Aluminum Phosphate has an Al2O3 content of 60-90%, for instance, corundum, mullite and sintered bauxite, which is used for bonding refractory materials. 
Furthermore, Aluminum Phosphate produces a very good bond with fire clay, silicon carbide, and chromites within certain limitations, with quartz.

Aluminum Phosphate is good thermal shock stability, wear resistance and high temperature toughness, and in low and high temperature have good mechanical strength, after years of use, by the majority of refractories manufacturing and use manufacturers welcome.
Use refractory spray paint, fire clay, castable and binders for casting industry
Aluminum Phosphate is mainly used in the production of corundum brick for refractory industry.

A colorless, odorless, highly viscous liquid or white powder that dissolves easily in water.
Aluminum Phosphate is used as the binder of refractory materials, mainly used in electrical industry, high temperature furnace, heat treatment resistance furnace and electrical insulation.
Also used in petroleum, chemical industry, shipbuilding and space technology.
Aluminum Phosphate can also be used as a combination of inorganic coating and organic coating. 

Transport & Storage of Aluminum Phosphate:
In order to avoid weathering, Aluminum Phosphate should be stored in a dry place while avoiding drastic changes in temperature. 
Products that have been packaged should be closed to prevent moisture absorption and pollution

Structure of Aluminum Phosphate:
Aluminum Phosphate generally occurs as an anhydrous salt. 
However, Aluminum Phosphate dihydrate and pentahydrate structures occur as well, which are represented as AlPO4.2H2O and AlPO4.5H2O.
The Aluminium Phosphate compound is formed by the Phosphate anion and Aluminium cation. 

Aluminum Phosphate anhydrous salt structure is much similar to several other minerals like quartz and has a trigonal crystal structure. 
However, Aluminum Phosphate dihydrate form has a structure similar to NaCl in which 6 cations are coordinated to 6 anions. 
The structure of Aluminium Phosphate AlPO4 is shown below. 
This representation is commonly used for organic molecules.

Chemical Formula of Aluminium Phosphate of Aluminum Phosphate:
Let us take a look at what is the chemical formula for aluminium phosphate.
Aluminium Phosphate is also called Aluminium Monophosphate or Mono-Aluminium Phosphate. 
Aluminum Phosphate is formed by the Phosphate anion PO43-, and the Aluminium cation Al3+. 

Hence, the chemical or molecular formula of Aluminium Phosphate is AlPO4.
Aluminum Phosphate occurs as a white crystalline powder. 
However, Aluminum Phosphate is a colourless liquid in Aluminum Phosphate aqueous form. 

Aluminum Phosphate is insoluble in water and occurs in the form of a mineral berlinite. 
Aluminium phosphate is found in minerals like variscite and meta-variscite in Aluminum Phosphate dihydrate form. 
Since Aluminum Phosphate has piezoelectric properties, Aluminum Phosphate is widely used in the electronic and electrical industries.
Now that you know about what is Aluminum Phosphate and what is the chemical formula for Aluminum Phosphate, let us take a look at some of Aluminum Phosphate properties.

Chemical Properties of Aluminium Phosphate
Now let us go through the chemical properties of Aluminium Phosphate AlPO4.
Aluminium Phosphate reacts with Hydrochloric Acid to form Aluminium Trichloride and Phosphoric acid. 
The reaction is as follows.
AlPO4 + 3HCl → AlCL3 + H3PO4Aluminium Phosphate reacts with Magnesium Chloride to form Magnesium Phosphate and Aluminium Trichloride. 

The reaction is given as follows.
2AlPO4 + 3MgCl2 → Mg3(Po4)2 + 2AlCl3

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Aluminum Phosphate:
MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Aluminum Phosphate:
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. 
The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. 

Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). 
Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. 
The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Mechanism of Action of Aluminum Phosphate:
Aluminum Acetate is an astringent. 
An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application. 
The shrinkage or constriction is through osmotic flow of water (or other fluids) away from the area where the astringent was applied. 

Astringent medicines cause shrinkage of mucous membranes or exposed tissues and are often used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions. 
This can happen with a sore throat, hemorrhages, diarrhea, or with peptic ulcers. 
Externally applied astringents, which cause mild coagulation of skin proteins, dry, harden, and protect the skin. 

Acne sufferers are often advised to use astringents if they have oily skin. 
Astringents also help heal stretch marks and other scars. 
Mild astringent solutions are used in the relief of such minor skin irritations as those resulting from superficial cuts, allergies, insect bites, or fungal infections such as athlete's foot.

Uses of Aluminum Phosphate:
Naturally occurring in the minerals angelite, coeruleolactite, evansite, lucinite, metavariscite, sterretite, variscite, vashegyite, wavellite, and zepharovicht; Used as cement in admixture with calcium sulfate and sodium silicate, as flux for ceramics, in dental cements, for special glasses, and as therapeutic antacid

Molecular sieves of Aluminum Phosphate:
There are many types of aluminium phosphate molecular sieves, generically known as "ALPOs". 
The first ones were reported in 1982.

They all share the same chemical composition of AlPO4 and have framework structures with microporous cavities. 
The frameworks are made up of alternating AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra. 
The denser cavity-less crystalline berlinite, shares the same alternating AlO4 and PO4 tetrahedra.

The Aluminum Phosphate framework structures vary one from another in the orientation of the AlO4 tetrahedra and PO4 tetrahedra to form different-sized cavities, and in this respect they are similar to the aluminosilicate zeolites, which differ in having electrically charged frameworks. 
A typical preparation of an aluminophosphate involves the hydrothermal reaction of phosphoric acid and aluminium in the form of hydroxide, an aluminium salt such as aluminium nitrate salt or alkoxide under controlled pH in the presence of organic amines.
These organic molecules act as templates (now termed structure directing agents, SDAs) to direct the growth of the porous framework.

Industry Uses of Aluminum Phosphate:
Catalyst
Dyes
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Pigments
Process regulators
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
UNAVOIDABLE IMPURITY

Consumer Uses of Aluminum Phosphate:    
Aluminum Phosphate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, inks and toners, polymers, adhesives and sealants, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Catalyst
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
Floor coverings
Furniture and furnishings not covered elsewhere
Paints and coatings
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Other uses of Aluminum Phosphate:
Along with aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate is one of the most common immunologic adjuvants (efficiency enhancers) in vaccinations. 
Aluminium adjuvant use is widespread due to their cheap price, long history of use, safety and efficiency with most antigens. 
Aluminum Phosphate unknown how such salts function as adjuvants.

Similar to aluminum hydroxide, AlPO4 is used as an antacid. 
Aluminum Phosphate neutralizes stomach acid (HCl) by forming AlCl3 with Aluminum Phosphate. 
Up to 20% of aluminum from ingested antacid salts can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract – despite some unverified concerns about the neurological effects of aluminum, aluminum phosphate and hydroxide salts are thought to be safe as antacids in normal use, even during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Additional uses for AlPO4 in combination with or without other compounds are white colorants for pigments, corrosion inhibitors, cements and dental cements. 
Related compounds have also similar uses. 
For example, Al(H2PO4)3 is used in dental cements, metal coatings, glaze compositions and refractory binders; and Al(H2PO4)(HPO4) is used cement and refractory binders and adhesives.

General Manufacturing Information of Aluminum Phosphate:    

Industry Processing Sectors
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
Custom compounding of purchased resin
Furniture and related product manufacturing

Paint and coating manufacturing
Paper manufacturing
Petroleum refineries
Plastic material and resin manufacturing

Plastics product manufacturing
Printing and related support activities
Reclamation
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade

Reactivity Profile of Aluminum Phosphate:
An acid, The resulting aqueous solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. 
They react as acids to neutralize bases. 

These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. 
They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. 
Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

First Aid of Aluminum Phosphate:    
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. 
Move victim to fresh air. 
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. 

Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. 
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. 
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. 
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. 

For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. 
Keep victim calm and warm. 
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

Fire Fighting of Aluminum Phosphate:    

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. 

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. 
Move containers from fire area if you can do Aluminum Phosphate without risk. 
Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. 

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. 
Do not get water inside containers. 
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. 
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. 
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

Related compounds of Aluminum Phosphate:
AlPO4·2H2O dihydrate is found as the minerals variscite and meta-variscite.
Aluminium phosphate dihydrate (variscite and meta-variscite) has a structure that can be regarded as an assembly of tetra- and octahedral units of phosphate anions, aluminium cations and water. 
Al3+ ions are 6-coordinate and PO43- ions are 4-coordinate.