AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE

AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE

Ammonium Molybdate=Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate=ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.

CAS NUMBER:12054-85-2
EC NUMBER:234-320-9
Molecular Weight:1235.86
Molecular Formula:(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O

⯈DESCRIPTION OF AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE :
Ammonium Molybdate, Tetrahydrate, Crystal, Reagent, ACS is also referred to as ammonium heptamolybdate and is a crystalline compound that has no odor and ranges in color from yellow-green to white. 
Ammonium Molybdate uses vary and can range from analytical reagent used to measure levels of arsenates, silicates, phosphates and lead in lakes, rivers and other liquids to use in crop fertilizers and as a negative stain in biological electron microscopy. 
As an ACS grade reagent, this Spectrum Chemical manufactured compound is used as the quality standard against which other substances are grade and has met the toughest regulatory standards for quality and pureness.

Ammonium heptamolybdate is the inorganic compound whose chemical formula is (NH4)6Mo7O24, normally encountered as the tetrahydrate. 
A dihydrate is also known. 
Ammonium heptamolybdate is a colorless solid, often referred to as ammonium paramolybdate or simply as ammonium molybdate, although "ammonium molybdate" can also refer to ammonium orthomolybdate, (NH4)2MoO4, and several other compounds. 
Ammonium heptamolybdate is one of the more common molybdenum compounds.
Ammonium molybdate is a source of molybdenum that exists in several hydrate forms. 
Ammonium molybdate is intravenously administered as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). 
Molybdenum is an essential element that is present in enzymes including xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase.
When heated, Ammonium Heptamolybdate will begin to release its waters-of-hydration (above 90°C) and decompose (above 190°C) into ammonia and other molybdate derivatives.

•Synthesis
Ammonium heptamolybdate is easily prepared by dissolving molybdenum trioxide in an excess of aqueous ammonia and evaporating the solution at room temperature. 
While the solution evaporates, the excess of ammonia escapes. 
This method results in the formation of six-sided transparent prisms of the tetrahydrate of ammonium heptamolybdate.
Solutions of ammonium paramolybdate react with acids to form molybdic acid and an ammonium salt. 
The pH value of a concentrated solution will lie between 5 and 6.

•Structure
Ammonium heptamolybdate was first analyzed crystallographically by Lindqvist, but has been reanalyzed.
All Mo centers are octahedral. 
Some oxide ligands are terminal, some doubly bridging, and a few are triply bridging ligands.
Chemical class: An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio.

⯈USES/BENEFITS OF AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE:
Ammonium molybdate is used as an analytical reagent to measure the amount of phosphates, silicates, arsenates and lead in aqueous solution (e.g. pigments, river water, sea water etc.)
Ammonium molybdate is used in the production of molybdenum metal and ceramics
Ammonium molybdate is used in the preparation of dehydrogenation and desulfurization catalysts
Ammonium molybdate is used in the fixing of metals
Ammonium molybdate is used in electroplating
Ammonium molybdate is used in fertilizers for crops.
Ammonium molybdate is used as a negative stain in biological electron microscopy, typically in the 3–5% (vol/vol) concentration range and in the presence of trehalose;[5] or at saturated concentration to perform cryo-negative staining.
Ammonium molybdate is used for the detection of recreational drugs as a component of the Froehde reagent.

Ammonium heptamolybdate is easily prepared by dissolving molybdenum trioxide in an excess of aqueous ammonia and evaporating the solution at room temperature. 
While the solution evaporates, the excess of ammonia escapes. 
This method results in the formation of six-sided transparent prisms of the tetrahydrate of ammonium heptamolybdate. 
Solutions of ammonium paramolybdate react with acids to form molybdic acid and an ammonium salt. 
The pH value of a concentrated solution will lie between 5 and 6. 
Ammonium molybdate is used in various sectors: to decorate ceramics, in chemical analysis to find the presence of phosphates, arsenics, lead. 
In the chemical industry as a source of molybdenum ions. 
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate is also used as catalyst in the preparation of dehydrogenation and desulphurisation; in the fixing of metals and in electroplating.

The body needs molybdenum for normal growth and health. 
For patients who are unable to get enough molybdenum in their regular diet or who have a need for more molybdenum, molybdenum supplements may be necessary. 
Molybdenum is generally taken by mouth in multivitamin/mineral products but some patients may have to receive them by injection. 
Molybdenum is part of certain enzymes that are important for several body functions.
A deficiency of molybdenum is rare. 
However, if the body does not get enough molybdenum, certain enzymes needed by the body are affected. 
This may lead to a build up of unwanted substances in some people.
Injectable molybdenum is administered only by or under the supervision of your health care professional.

⯈APPLICATIONS OF AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE:
Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate is an analgesic.
Ammonium molybdate has been used to prepare phosphomolybdates. 
Ammonium molybdate was used as an analytical reagent for quantitative analysis of phosphates, silicates, arsenates and lead in their aqueous solutions. 
At saturated concentration, Ammonium molybdate was used to perform cryo-negative staining and as a negative stain in biological electron microscopy. 
Ammonium molybdate was used in study of crystallisation of cell-free-expressed membrane proteins.
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate is compound used in cryo-negative staining and is also used as an analgesic.

Ammonium molybdate has widely applications.
Ammonium molybdate is widely used for the smelting molybdenum ferro and as raw material for molybdenum trioxide and metal molybdenum powder production. 
Ammonium molybdate is also an excellent chemical catalyst, often used in the oil industry. 
A small amount of ammonium molybdate can be used to produce agricultural fertilizer and a very small amount can be used in medicine as an integral part of many enzymes. 
Molybdenum deficiency can lead to tooth decay, kidney stones, Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, esophageal cancer and other diseases, so in medical applications it is mainly used for intravenous nutrition of patients.
Ammonium molybdate can be used to determine the phosphate, arsenate, lead and alkaloids. 
Molybdenum blue method can determine the amount of phosphorus in soil and plants. 
Using molybdenum blue method can to determine phosphorus content of soil and plant. 
Besides, Ammonium molybdate can use for testing serum inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase vitality. 
In the industry, Ammonium molybdate can use for testing silicon and phosphorus content of iron and steel.
Ammonium molybdate is also as raw material for ceramic glazes, pigments and other molybdenum compounds production.

Ammonium 7molybdate, namely ammonium paramolybdate, has a high water-solubility, and is widely used for catalysts, production of molybdenum powder and agriculture.
Ammonium 4molybdate dissolve lightly in the water but dissolve in the alkali and the ammonia water, and is used as catalysts for petroleum refining and production of chemical fertilizer.
Ammonium 2molybdate dissolve in the water and alkali, and is used to produce MoO3 powder, and used as catalysts for chemical fertilizer and petroleum refining.

⯈SAFETY MEASURES:
•First aid measures:
-If inhaled
After inhalation: fresh air.
-In case of skin contact
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
-In case of eye contact
After eye contact: rinse out with plenty of water. Remove contact lenses.
-If swallowed
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

•Firefighting Measures:
Suitable extinguishing media:Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

•Handling and storage:
Tightly closed.Store at +5°C to +30°C.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE:
Appearance:Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate occurs in the form of large colourless monoclinic crystals or slightly greenish or as a white crystalline powder.
Color: white
Form: crystalline
Melting point: 400 °C
Density 2,498 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit
Solubility:Ammonium molybdate is soluble in cold water, insoluble in ethanol.
Ammonium molybdatedecomposes in hot water.
Water solubility:206,5 g/l at 20 °C 
Decomposition temperature :190 °C -
pH value:5.3 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density:800 kg/m3

SYNONYMS OF AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE:
Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate, 
Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
Ammonium paramolybdate tetrahydrate
Molybdic acid ammonium salt tetrahydrate
Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate
Hexaammonium molybdate 
Diammonium molybdate
Diammonium tetraoxomolybdate(2-)

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE:
•Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides; chemically active metals (such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and zinc) may cause a violent reaction.

•Production Methods
Pure molybdic oxide (99.95% MoO3) is prepared by sublimation of technical oxide or by calcining ammonium molybdate. Metallic molybdenum powder is prepared commercially by hydrogen reduction of either pure molybdic oxide or ammonium molybdate in a two-step process.

•Dosing
The dose of ammonium molybdate will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. 
The following information includes only the average doses of ammonium molybdate. 
If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. 
Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
To prevent deficiency, the amount taken by mouth is based on normal daily recommended intakes:
-Adults and teenagers—75 to 250 micrograms (mcg) per day.
-Children 7 to 10 years of age—50 to 150 mcg per day.
-Children 4 to 6 years of age—30 to 75 mcg per day.
-Children birth to 3 years of age—15 to 150 mcg per day.

•Ammonium molybdate can be of a different form. 
These may be referred to :
Ammonium orthomolybdate, (NH4)2MoO4
Ammonium heptamolybdate, (NH4)6Mo7O24, usually encountered as the tetrahydrate
Ammonium phosphomolybdate, (NH4)3PMo12O40
Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, (NH4)2MoS4this chemical is used for the analysis of chloride in a solution.

•What is Ammonium molybdate(VI) tetrahydrate and where is it found?
This chemical is used as an analytical reagent to find the presence of phosphates,
silicates, arsenates and lead in pigments. It is used in the production of molybdenum
metal and ceramics as well as in fertilizers for crops. Further research may identify
additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

•What else is Ammonium molybdate(VI) tetrahydrate called?
This chemical can be identified by different names, including:
Ammonium heptamolybdate Hetrahydrate., Ammonium para-molybdate tetrahydrate, Ammonium molybdate(VI) tetrahydrate,
Molybdic Acid Hexammonium salt Tetrahydrate