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Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) is an oxidizing agent that is often used with tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, Part No. 17919) to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide and bisacrylamide to prepare polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is a white single crystal, density 1.98, completely decomposed at 120 °C, completely dry and can not be decomposed for long-term storage, not suitable for moisture absorption, but gradually releases oxygen and ozone after absorbing moisture. Dissolved in water and decomposed by heat.
CAS Number: 7727-54-0
EC Number: 231-786-5
IUPAC Name: diazanium sulfonatooxy sulfate
Chemical Formula: (NH4)2S2O8
Other names: Ammonium persulfate, 7727-54-0, Ammonium peroxydisulfate, Diammonium peroxydisulfate, Ammonium peroxodisulfate, Diammonium peroxydisulphate, Ammonium persulphate, Ammonium peroxydisulphate, PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, DIAMMONIUM SALT, 22QF6L357F, MFCD00003390, Diammonium peroxodisulphate, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), ammonium salt (1:2), CCRIS 1430, Persulfate d'ammonium, EINECS 231-786-5, UN1444, UNII-22QF6L357F, HSDB 7985, ammonium persuiphate, ammonium per sulphate, ammonium peroxidisulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), diammonium salt, ammonium persulphate-d8, DSSTox_CID_9691, EC 231-786-5, DSSTox_RID_78810, DSSTox_GSID_29691, diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate, DTXSID9029691, Ammonium peroxydisulfate, Ammonium peroxydisulfate, AMMONIUM PERSULFATE, Tox21_201161, AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE [MI], AKOS025243328, NCGC00258713-01, CAS-7727-54-0, DB-056201
Ammonium peroxydisulfate has strong oxidizing property and can be used as chemical reagent, oxidant, bleach, deodorant, monomer polymerization initiator. It also has the advantages of ease of use and safety.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate dissolves in water and decomposes. Ammonium peroxydisulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent used in many applications and generates free radicals.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is an inorganic compound with chemical name Ammonium persulfate.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is a standard ingredient in hair bleach.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is also called Ammonium peroxydisulfate or DiAmmonium peroxydisulfate or Diammonium peroxydisulfate.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate has a wide range of applications in polymer chemistry, as a bleaching agent, cleaning, and an etchant.
Diammonium peroxydisulfate is an odourless crystalline solid which is white in colour.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is readily soluble in water and a strong oxidizing agent.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is used as a bleaching agent, olefin polymerization as an initiator, photography, hair bleach and batteries. Ammonium peroxydisulfate is also used to wash infected yeast, food preservatives and printed circuit boards.
USAGE AREAS:
As etching agent in glass, zinc and PCB production process
In textile and bleaching processes; in color and deodorizing oils
In the production of paints
Copper is used as a surface treatment agent and as a soil conditioner.
It is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, generally in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers with alkali sulfides, in the emulsion polymerization of monomers.
Flour, oil, glue, soap etc. as bleach in their production. It is used in industrial branches such as plastic, photography, perfumery. It is used as an oxidizer in the production of various chemicals and metallurgy.
monomers in the polymerization of krylonitrile, often in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers with alkaline sulfides.
In emulsion polymerization.
In industrial branches such as plastic, photography, perfumery.
As an oxidizer in the manufacture of various chemicals and metallurgy.
PRODUCTION:
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is obtained by the process of electrolysis with a cold concentrated solution of ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a high density.
PROPERTIES:
Molecular Weight: 228.21
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 227.97220756
Monoisotopic Mass: 227.97220756
Topological Polar Surface Area: 152 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 206
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
USES:
Widely used in storage battery industry. Used to produce persulfates and refine of Ammonia Sulfate.
As a source of radicals, APS is mainly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of certain alkenes. Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Regarding its mechanism of action, the sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical. It is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot.
Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, Ammonium peroxydisulfate is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.
This property was discovered many years ago. In 1908, John William Turrentine used a dilute Ammonium peroxydisulfate solution to etch copper.
Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the Ammonium peroxydisulfate solution for an hour.
After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by Ammonium peroxydisulfate was recorded.
This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results.
The oxidation equation is thus:
S2O2−8 (aq) + 2 e− → 2 SO2−4 (aq).
Polymerization:
It is used as initiator for the polymerization of monomers and as a strong oxidizing agent in many application. It has the particular advantage of being almost non-hygroscopic, of having a particularly good storage stability and of being easy and safe to handle.
Radical Initiator:
It is used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.
Oil and Gas Production:
Breaker; Allows a delayed breakdown of the gel in Drilling Muds.Oil fracturing additives, Drilling Fluid Additives.
Textiles:
De-slurry and bleach - especially for low-temperature bleaching.
Hair Cosmetics:
Essential component of bleaching formulations.
Metal treatment:
Treatment of metal surfaces (e.g. in the manufacture of semiconductors; cleaning and etching of printed circuits), activation of copper and aluminium surfaces.
Soil stabilization:
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is used as a curing agent in chemical grout systems used to stabilize soil near dams, tunnels, and buildings.
Others:
It is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.
PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE:
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.[2][3] The method was first described by Hugh Marshall.[4]
The ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography. In the ammonium salt, the O-O distance is 1.497 Å. The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 Å and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.
APPLICATION:
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is used in hydrogen peroxide bleaching as an additive.
Used in printed circuit boards.
Used in olefin polymerization as an initiator.
Used in photography.
Used as an additive to preserve food.
Used as an oxidising agent.
Used to wash infected yeast.
Used to remove pyrogallol stains.
Used as a depolarizer in batteries.
Used as a common ingredient in hair bleach.
STORAGE:
Ammonium peroxydisulfate is not a flammable product, but it can help combustion because it can release oxygen. When it is stored, it must be stored in a dry, airtight container to avoid direct sunlight and heat source. Do not contact with reducing substances such as organic substances, rust, and small amounts of metals to prevent decomposition and explosion of ammonium persulfate. Because the moist Ammonium peroxydisulfate powder and its aqueous solution are bleached and slightly corroded, the eyes, skin, and clothing are kept in direct contact with it during use.
Store at +15 °C to +25 °C.
