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Ammonium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8. Ammonium persulfate is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt. Ammonium persulfate is a strong oxidizing agent that is used in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.
CAS NUMBER: 7727-54-0
SYNONYM:
7727-54-0; Ammonium peroxydisulfate; Diammonium peroxydisulfate; Ammonium peroxodisulfate; Ammoniumpersulfate; UNII-22QF6L357F; PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, DIAMMONIUM SALT; MFCD00003390; diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate; 22QF6L357F; Diammonium peroxodisulphate; Ammoniumpersulfat; Diammonium peroxydisulphate; Ammonium persulfate, 98%, extra püre; Ammonium persulfate, 98+%, ACS reagent; CCRIS 1430; Persulfate d'ammonium; EINECS 231-786-5; UN1444; HSDB 7985; Ammonium persulfate, 99+%, for molecular biology, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free; ammonium persuiphate; Ammoniumperoxodisulfat; ammonium per sulphate; ammonium peroxidisulfate; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), diammonium salt; ammonium persulphate-d8; ACMC-209shx; Ammonium peroxydisulphate; DSSTox_CID_9691; EC 231-786-5; DSSTox_RID_78810; DSSTox_GSID_29691; KSC377E8T; H8N2O8S2
The dissolution of the salt in water is an endothermic process. Ammonium persulfate is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density. The method was first described by Hugh Marshall. As an oxidizing agent and a source of radicals, Ammonium persulfate finds many commercial applications. Salts of sulfate are mainly used as radical initiators in the polymerization of certain alkenes. Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals
The sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical. Ammonium persulfate is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot. Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, Ammonium persulfate is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.This property was discovered many years ago. In 1908, John William Turrentine used a dilute ammonium persulfate solution to etch copper. Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the ammonium persulfate solution for an hour. After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by ammonium persulfate was recorded. This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results.The oxidation equation is thus: S2O2-8 (aq) + ?e- › 2 SO2-4 (aq).
Ammonium persulfate is a standard ingredient in hair bleach. Persulfates are used as oxidants in organic chemistry. For example, in the Minisci reaction. Airborne dust containing ammonium persulfate may be irritating to eye, nose, throat, lung and skin upon contact. Exposure to high levels of dust may cause difficulty in breathing. Ammonium persulfate has been noted that persulfate salts are a major cause of asthmatic effects in women. Furthermore, Ammonium persulfate has been suggested that exposure to ammonium persulfate can cause asthmatic effects in hair dressers and receptionists working in the hairdressing industry. These asthmatic effects are proposed to be caused by the oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as methionine residues. Ammonium persulfate is a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels. Ammonium persulfate forms oxygen free radicals in aqueous solution by a base-catalyzed mechanism. The bases, most commonly used as catalysts, are tertiary amines such as TEMED (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) or DMAPN (3-dimethylaminopropionitrile). The free radicals will cause the polymerization of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide to form a gel matrix, which can be used for separating macromolecules by size. Ammonium persulfate has also been utilized to study protein-protein interactions via photoinitiated crosslinking chemistry. Ammonium persulfate has been used for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels and acrylamide hydrogels.
Ammonium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative. Copper has an area of use as a surface treatment agent and as a soil conditioner. Ammonium persulfate is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, generally in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber with alkali sulfides, in the emulsion polymerization of monomers. Flour, oil, glue, soap, etc. as a bleach in their production. Ammonium persulfate is used as an oxidizer in industries such as plastics, photography, perfumery, production of various chemicals and metallurgy. In the polymerization of crylonitrile, usually in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers together with alkali sulfides, monomers In emulsion polymerization. In industries such as plastic, photography, perfumery. As an oxidizer in the production of various chemicals and metallurgy.
Ammonium persulfate is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, Ammonium persulfate has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, Ammonium persulfate decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, Ammonium persulfate is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, Ammonium persulfate can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and Ammonium persulfate has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on. When heated to 120 °C, it can decompose, Ammonium persulfate is easily damped and Ammonium persulfate can cake in moist air. Ammonium persulfate is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate. Ammonium persulfate can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization. Ammonium persulfate can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry. Ammonium persulfate can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis. For food-grade, Ammonium persulfate can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew. Ammonium persulfate can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
Ammonium persulfate is non-flammable, but Ammonium persulfate can release of oxygen, so Ammonium persulfate has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated. People should pay attention to moisture and rain, Ammonium persulfate should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. Ammonium persulfate should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels. Ammonium persulfate should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, Ammonium persulfate should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion. Ammonium persulfate is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder. Ammonium persulfate is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0C.
Ammonium persulfate can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent. Ammonium persulfate can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer. Ammonium persulfate can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. Ammonium persulfate can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry. Ammonium persulfate can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry. For food-grade, Ammonium persulfate can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew. Ammonium persulfate can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized.
Electrolytic process Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, Ammonium persulfate is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode. Ammonium persulfate can decompose of oxygen when high heat; Ammonium persulfate can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia fumes when heated.
Ammonium sulfate are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair bleaching agent. Ammonium sulfate may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers. As oxidizer and bleacher; to remove hypo; reducer and retarder in photography; in dyeing, manufacture of aniline dyes; oxidizer for copper; etching zinc; decolorizing and deodorizing oils; electroplating; washing infected yeast; removing pyrogallol stains; making soluble starch; depolarizer in electric batteries; In animal chemistry chiefly for detection and determination of manganese.
Ammonium persulfate is a potent oxidizing agent.
A powdered mixture with aluminum and water can explode. A mixture with sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to friction (crushing in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over Ammonium persulfate. Ammonium persulfate are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair bleaching agent. Ammonium persulfate may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers. People reacting to ammonium persulfate also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate. Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A powerful oxidizer that can react vigorously with reducing agents. Releases oxygen when heated. Mxtures with sodium peroxide are explosives sensitive to friction, heating above 75, or contact with CO2 or water. Mixtures with (powdered aluminum + water) or (zinc + ammonia) are explosive. Violent reaction with iron or solutions of ammonia + silver salts. Solution with sulfuric acid is a strong oxidzing cleaning solution.
Ammonium persulfate is a widely used reagent in biochemistry and molecular biology for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels. Ammonium persulfate generates oxygen-free radicals in aqueous solution through a base-catalyzed mechanism. The bases most commonly used as catalysts are tertiary amines such as N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) or 3-dimethylaminopropionitrile (DMAPN). Free radicals will cause the polymerization of acrylamide and bis-acrylamide to form a gel matrix that can be used to separate macromolecules by size. Protocols for the use of Ammonium persulfate to prepare polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis are widely available. Ammonium persulfate has also been used to study protein-protein interactions through photo-initiated cross-linking chemistry. Other applications of Ammonium persulfate include its use in photography as a reductant and retarder, the production of aniline dyes, electroplating, decoloring and deodorizing oils. A protocol for Ammonium persulfate -mediated modification of polypropylene membranes with polyaniline has been published. Ammonium persulfate has been used to prepare biodegradable macroporous hydrogels for application as crosslinkable biomaterials.
Ammonium persulfate is a very strong oxidizer used for industrial cleaning and decontamination, and is also a powerful radical initiator often used to support polymerization reactions. The oxidation potential at 2.1 V is slightly weaker than ozone (O32-, 2.2) but stronger than both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 1.8 V) and permanganate (MnO4, 1.7V). It is also widely used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in biochemistry laboratories. The persulfate radical is particularly stable compared to many other radicals and is generally further stabilized by the addition of tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED).
IUPAC NAME:
(NH4)2-peroxodisulfat; Ammonium Peroxodisulfate [for Electrophoresis]; Ammonium Persulfate; Ammonium persulfate; ammonium persulfate; Ammonium Persulfate; Ammonium Persulphate; ammonium persulphate; ammoniumpersulphate;Diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl-]oxidanide; Diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; Diammonium peroxodisulphate; diammonium peroxodisulphate; diammonium peroxodisulphate; Diammonium persulfate; diammonium {[(oxidooxy)sulfonyl]oxy}sulfonate; diammonium-peroxodisulphate-; diazanium sufonatooxy sulfate; diazanium sulfonatooxy sulfate; diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate
TRADE NAME:
ammonium peroxodisulfate; Ammonium persulfate; ammonium persulfate; APS; diammonium peroxodisulfate; diammonium persulfate
OTHER NAME:
016-060-00-6; 398469-95-9; 398469-95-9; 7727-54-0
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Use with adequate ventilation. Do not swallow. Avoid breathing vapor, mist or dust. Do not eat, drink or smoke in the work area. Avoid contact with flammable or organic materials. Label containers and keep tightly closed when not in use. Wash thoroughly after delivery. For drinking water applications, the optimum dosage should be maximum.
Airborne dust containing ammonium persulphate may irritate eyes, nose, throat, lungs and skin upon contact. Exposure to high levels of dust can cause breathing difficulties. Persulfate salts have been stated to be the main cause of asthma effects in women. Ammonium persulfate has also been suggested that exposure to ammonium persulphate may cause asthmatic effects in hairdressers and receptionists working in the hairdressing industry. Ammonium persulfate has been suggested that these asthmatic effects are due to oxidation of methionine residues as well as cysteine residues. The method was first described by Hugh Marshall.
Ammonium persulfate white, odorless single crystal, formula (NH4) 2S2O8, with strong oxidation and corrosion, easily decomposed when heated, not easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water, solubility in warm water, can hydrolyze to ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. The dry product has good stability, is easy to store, and has advantages such as convenience and safety. Ammonium persulfate can decompose when heated to 120 ° C, is easily moist and cakes in humid weather. Ammonium persulfate is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and in the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate. Ammonium persulfate can be used as the free initiator of the polymerization reaction, especially vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization and redox polymerization of the polymerizable compound.
Grease can be used as a bleach in the soap industry. Aniline dyes and dye can be used to prepare the oxidation and electroplating industry, the photographic industry, and chemical analysis. For food grade, wheat can be used as a regulator, brewer's yeast mold. Ammonium persulfate can be used depending on metal abrasive, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching, circulating water treatment systems, oxidative decomposition of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive in low temperature and desizing. accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization. Ammonium persulfate is not flammable, but can release oxygen, so Ammonium persulfate plays a combustion supportive role, the storage environment should be dry, clean and well ventilated. Analytical reagents can be used as photographic fixing agent and reducing agent. Ammonium persulfate can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high molecular polymer. Ammonium persulfate can be used as raw material in the production of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in the chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator during polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
The grease can be used as a bleach in the soap industry. Ammonium persulfate can also be used as an abrasive on plate metals, interrupting solar eclipse and oil extraction in the oil industry. For food grade, wheat can be used as a regulator, brewer's yeast mold. Can be used for flour changer (Limited ≤0.3g / kg, Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO / WHO, 1984).The above information is edited by Wang Xiaodong's chemical book. Care should be taken against moisture and rain and should not be transported in the rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. The sealed packaging should keep clear and intact labels. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, rust, small amounts of metal and other reducing agents, not mixed with ammonium persulfate to prevent decomposition and cause explosion.
Ammonium persulfate can be obtained by electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized. Electrolytic process Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid are formulated to form liquid electrolyte, decontaminated by electrolysis, discharge at HSO4-anode, and peroxydisulfate can form acid, and then react with ammonium sulphate to form ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate undergoes a specific separation with centrifugal content anode, drying to obtain the ammonium persulfate product when Ammonium persulfate reaches a concentration. Ammonium Persulfate, Potassium Persulfate and Sodium Persulfate are inorganic salts. Persulfate mixtures such as Ammonium Persulphate, Potassium Persulphate and Sodium Persulphate are used in cosmetics and personal care products, hair bleaches and hair openers. Ammonium Persulfate, Potassium Persulfate and Sodium Persulfate help to lighten or lighten hair by oxidizing the colors in the hair shaft. Ammonium Persulfate is also used in the baking industry as a bleaching agent for flour. Ammonium Persulfate is an oxidizing agent used in conjunction with TEMED to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide and bisacrylamide to prepare polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis.
Ammonium persulfate is an oxidizing agent commonly used to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide and bisacrylamide with tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, Part No. 17919). Ammonium Persulfate can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized. Electrolytic process Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode.
Ammonium Persulfate are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair bleaching agent. Ammonium Persulfate may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
Ammonium Persulfate are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair bleaching agent. Ammonium Persulfate may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers. People reacting to ammonium persulfate also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate.
Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A powerful oxidizer that can react vigorously with reducing agents. Releases oxygen when heated. Mxtures with sodium peroxide are explosives sensitive to friction, heating above 75℃, or contact with CO2 or water. Mixtures with (powdered aluminum + water) or (zinc + ammonia) are explosive. Violent reaction with iron or solutions of ammonia + silver salts. Solution with sulfuric acid is a strong oxidzing cleaning solution. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO,, NH3, and NOx. Ammonium Persulfate is used as a bleaching agent, in photographic chemicals, and to make dyes. Ammonium Persulfate is also used as an ingredient of polymerization catalysts.
Ammonium Persulfate should be stored in closed, cold and dry places, protected from heat and moisture. Rust and metal powders cause catalytic degradation. Ammonium Persulfate can be stored under 30 ° C for 12 months without losing activity. Although not flammable free Ammonium Persulfate helps flammable substances to shine due to oxygen. Eyes, skin and clothing when working with Ammonium Persulfate. Ammonium Persulfate must be protected. Ammonium Persulfate is not harmful to health as crystal and solution when studied carefully. Etching agent in glass, zinc and PCB production process In textile and bleaching processes; in color and deodorizing oils. Copper has an area of use as a surface treatment agent and as a soil conditioner. Ammonium Persulfate is used in the polymerization of acrylonitrile, generally in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber together with alkali sulfides, in the emulsion polymerization of monomers. Flour, oil, glue, soap, etc. as a bleach in their production.
Ammonium Persulfate is used as an oxidizer in industries such as plastic, photography, perfumery, and in the production of various chemicals and metallurgy. In the polymerization of crylonitrile, usually in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers with alkali sulfides, the in emulsion polymerization. In industries such as plastic, photography, perfumery. As an oxidizer in the production of various chemicals and metallurgy. Ammonium Persulfate is suitable for 25 and 1000 kg transport and storage conditions. 1000 kg packages antistatic has feature. It should be stored in closed, cold and dry places, protected from heat and moisture. Rust and metal powders May cause catalytic degradation. Ammonium Persulfate can be stored under 30 ° C for 12 months without losing activity. Flammable Although Ammonium Persulfate is not, Ammonium Persulfate helps flammable substances to shine due to free oxygen. With ammonium persulfate Eyes, skin and clothing should be protected while working. Ammonium Persulfate is not harmful to health as crystal and solution when studied carefully.
Ammonium persulfate is used in the production of nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonium sulphate fertilizers provide the nitrogen the plant needs, like other nitrogenous fertilizers. Ammonium persulfate is suitable to be used before or during planting in salty or alkaline soils to neutralize soil acidity. Ammonium sulphate fertilizers do not wash away from the soil quickly. Because of this feature, they are preferred in rice agriculture. Ammonium sulphate is used as catalyst to make medicine and food dark red-brown and to remove dust-soil and dust from leather. Ammonium persulfate is used in chemical industry support and electrolysis coating. Ammonium persulfate is used in the resin and feed industry, yeast production, viscose rayon production and fire extinguishers. Ammonium persulfate is also widely used in the fields of microbiology and biochemistry. Ammonium persulfate is one of the most important substances in the synthesis of isotopes.
Ammonium persulfate is a rhombic white crystal with an odorless but salty flavor. When heated to 235 oC, it decomposes and easily melts in water. Ammonium persulfate’s dissolution in water is an acid reaction. Ammonium persulfate is insoluble in alcohol or acetone. Ammonium persulfate can absorb water. Ammonium persulfate can give off ammonia gas when Ammonium persulfate reacts with alkalis. Ammonium persulfate dissolves in water and decomposes.
Ammonium persulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent used in many applications and generates free radicals. As an etching agent in glass, zinc and PCB production processes; in textile and bleaching processes; in color and deodorizing oils; in the production of dyes; Copper has an area of use as a surface treatment agent and as a soil conditioner. In the polymerization of acrylonitrile, generally in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber with alkali sulfides, in the emulsion polymerization of monomers. Flour, oil, glue, soap, etc. as a bleach in their production. In industries such as plastics, photography, perfumery, as an oxidizer in the production of various chemicals and metallurgy. Ammonium persulfate fertilizer is a crystalline fertilizer ranging from light yellow to gray and is mostly white, colored. From time to time, brown, blue, yellow or gray colored parts are seen in the fertilizer. Ammonium persulfate can also be light green, light blue or grayish green in color. Ammonium persulfate consists of 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur. Ammonium persulfate is used as a fertilizer in agriculture. Ammonium persulfate fulfills the nitrogen and sulfur needs of the plants for their development.
Since Ammonium persulfate is an acidic fertilizer, Ammonium persulfate is used in neutral and calcareous (alkaline) soils. If Ammonium persulfate is continuously applied to the soil for many years, Ammonium persulfate increases the amount of acid in the soil. For this reason, Ammonium persulfate should not be given to acidic soils. When Ammonium persulfate has to be given, Ammonium persulfate should be applied with some lime. Ammonium Sulphate is usually given at the time of planting. This allows the phosphorus in the soil to be taken up more easily by the plant, which accelerates the growth of the plants. Ammonium persulfate: Soluble in water, decomposed. Ammonium persulfate is a powerful oxidizing agent used in many applications and generates free radicals. As an etching agent in glass, zinc and PCB production processes; in textile and bleaching processes; in color and deodorizing oils; in the production of dyes; Copper has an area of use as a surface treatment agent and as a soil conditioner. Flour, oil, glue, soap etc. Ammonium persulfate finds a place in its production as a bleach, in industrial branches such as plastic, perfumery, photography, production of various chemicals and as an oxidizer in metallurgy.
Ammonium persulfate is used for condensation in polymerization processes, as well as in the production of rubber, latex, latex, etching of printed circuit boards. This substance is sometimes used for disinfection and bleaching. Rodent is colorless, plate crystals, sometimes having a greenish hue. Poorly soluble in H2O (42.7%) at a temperature of 15.5 ° C. In the process of heating above 120 degrees, oxygen is released, while pyrous ammonium forms. Ammonium persulfate should be noted that dry salt can last almost indefinitely, whereas wet salt hydrolyzes rapidly with the release of oxygen and nitrogen. Aqueous solutions of this compound begin to hydrolyze with an increase in temperature, even at room temperature, and the decay process increases. To slow decomposition, alum-alkali alum or alkali metal sulfates are added to aqueous solutions of ammonium persulfate.
The reagent is prepared by electrolysis of a sulfate solution, ammonium in sulphate acid. To do this, take a jar with a diameter of 20 centimeters and a volume of two liters, pour 1.7 liters of saturated ammonium sulfate solution and five milliliters of sulfate acid into Ammonium persulfate. The resulting mixture is then subjected to electrolysis using electrodes made of platinum wire. If ammonium hydroxide odor starts in the electrolysis process, add three to five ml of saturated ammonium sulfate solution in sulfate acid. After every three to four hours, the current is turned off and the electrodes are wiped off. After 24 hours of electrolysis, 90 g of pureed ammonium sulphate is added and the electrolysis continues for another 70 hours. The solution is mixed regularly during electrolysis. The resulting ammonium persulfate crystals were separated and the solution was again saturated with ammonium sulfate and acidified with sulfate acid. The resulting precipitate is dried at a temperature of not more than 40 degrees. As a rule, Ammonium persulfate is obtained by the specified methodpreparate contains no more than 90% of ammonium chloride, it is often used as an oxidizer. A reagent containing a lower concentration of active substance is recrystallized.
For its application, 700 g of salt is dissolved in the same volume of warm water (about 40 ° C). Subsequently, the analyzed solution is filtered using a paper pleating filter, after which the filtrate is cooled. The pure ammonium persulfate crystals obtained are absorbed in a Buchner funnel and washed with water. The resulting preparation, as a rule, meets the requirements for qualification reagents for ch.da.
Ammonium persulfate explosion and fire safe, however Ammonium persulfate promotes the ignition of other substances. In the process of burning Ammonium persulfate emits irritating and toxic substances. Contact of the specified reagent with flammable substances is unacceptable as Ammonium persulfate relates to strong oxidizing agents and reacts with flammable substances and reducing agents. In the heating process, ammonium persulfate decomposes rapidly and many toxic and corrosive gases are released (nitrogen oxides, ammonia vapors, sulfur oxides). According to the degree of effect on the human body, Ammonium persulfate belongs to the third class hazard substances. The maximum allowable dose of ammonium persulfate in the air of the working area is 0.1 mg per cubic meter.Ammonium persulfate is an irritant, acting on the skin, as well as on the nasal mucosa, oral cavity, respiratory tract, conjunctiva. Inhalation of this substance triggers the development of asthma disease.
With prolonged or repeated contact, dermatitis and eczema occur as nettle fever and shock, often accompanied by allergic reactions. When working with a reagent, you must wear a variety of personal protective equipment (mask, goggles, overalls).
Ammonium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative. Ammonium persulfate is a white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative. Ammonium persulfate is very soluble in cold water, a large fall of temperature accompanying solution. Ammonium persulfate is a radical initiator.
Ammonium persulfat is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution. Ammonium persulfate is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel. This is a chemical used in hair bleaches as an oxidizer. Ammonium persulfate is also used in de-colorizing and deodorizing oils, in electroplating, in making soluble starch, as a reducer and retarder in photography and in yeast treatment. Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
