AMODIMETHICONE

EC / List no.: 614-604-2
CAS no.: 68554-54-1 / 71750-80-6

Amodimethicone is a silicone derivative of dimethicone, used mainly in shampoos and hair care for its electrostatic properties. 
Amodimethicone makes the hair soft, easy to comb and shiny. 
The advantage of this silicone compared to dimethicone is that, although it is difficult to remove with a shampoo, it prevents other polymers of the same type can "re-deposit" on itself, so the decriated accumulation with dimethicone, which makes hair heavy, no longer exists here.

Just like dimethicone, the molecule does not pose any particular problem on human health (directly in any case). However, it is not very biodegradable and its impact on the planet both from the point of view of its manufacture and its rejection in the wild is not negligible.

Amodimethicone is a silicon-based polymer. 
Amodimethicone functions as an antifoaming agent and conditioning agent. 
Amodimethicone is used in the formulation of various personal care products including creams, lotions, bath soaps, shampoo and hair care products.
AMODIMETHICONE is classified as :
Antistatic
Hair conditioning

Amodimethicone is a silicone derived from dimethicone, used primarily in shampoos and hair care for its electrostatic properties. 
Amodimethicone makes the hair soft, manageable, and shiny. 

Like dimethicone, the molecule does not pose a particular problem for human health (directly in any case). 
However, Amodimethicone is not very biodegradable and its impact on the planet both from the point of view of its manufacture and of its release into nature does not.

Amodimethicone is a silicone. 
Silicones have a bad reputation in haircare, and I think Amodimethicone’s because of the huge range of hair types and needs. One person’s saviour is another person’s kryptonite.

SELECTIVELY ATTACHES TO DAMAGED HAIR
Amodimethicone is an amine-functionalised silicone, with NH and NH2 groups. 
In an acidic environment, like in a hair conditioner, amine groups become protonated when H+ ions attach to them, and it acquires a positive charge.

Healthy hair is covered in a protective water-repellent (hydrophobic) layer of a fatty acid called 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA). 
This layer, known as the F-layer, is chemically bound to hair, but wears off during lots of chemical processes like bleaching.

When the F-layer is worn off, the water-attracting (hydrophilic) proteins underneath are more exposed. 
These proteins acquire a negative charge in water, so damaged sections of hair are more negatively charged than the undamaged portions. 
Opposite charges attract, so this means that amodimethicone will selectively stick to the damaged sections of hair more strongly.

AVOIDS BUILDUP
One of the issues that’s commonly associated with silicones is the fact they can form durable coatings on your hair that can’t be easily washed off. 
As you repeatedly use silicone-containing products, they keep attaching to your hair, leading to buildup. This makes the hair feel dull and lifeless.

Amodimethicone’s amine groups decrease the chance of this happening. 
Since strands of amodimethicone have positive charges, they repel each other. 
Any amodimethicone that’s already stuck to the hair will repel any extra strands that try to latch on. 
This means that the silicone film doesn’t get too thick, so buildup is much less likely than with regular silicones.

FORMS A DURABLE FILM
There are two reasons for amodimethicone staying on your hair more strongly.

The first reason is the positive charge, which gives an extra stickiness to the silicone layer.

The other reason is cooler (in my nerdy opinion, anyway!). 
After the amodimethicone sticks to your hair, it also crosslinks. 
This is when the OH groups on adjacent amodimethicone strands react to form a more durable film.

BENEFITS OF AMODIMETHICONE
These are the benefits of amodimethicone according to cosmetic scientists:

increased softness, smoothness and shininess (from locking moisture into hair, and leaving a silicone film)
reduced fly-away
faster drying time
colour protection (since the film can lock dye molecules against the hair surface)
thermal protection from heat styling (since the film helps hair retain water, which leads to gentle, even heating
improved combing
no reduced body or volume
increased hair strength (possibly because the silicone film protects the hair when stretched, or because the porosity is decreased so a good moisture level is maintained inside the hair)
I’ve noticed some of these effects in my hair after using conditioners and masks that have amodimethicone high in the ingredients list.

My hair is very noticeably smoother and softer. 
Instead of feeling grippy and tangle-prone, or dry and spiky, it’s soft and smooth – like a lighter version of my old hair. 
Sometimes I’m even tricked into thinking it’s healthy (although that illusion disappears once I go too many days without using an amodimethicone product)
There’s no silicone dullness or limpness when I just use a rinse-off amodimethicone mask or conditioner, unless I also use other silicone products on top (sometimes still necessary when my hair is feeling too fluffy).
I can comb my wet hair easily in or out of the shower with my fingers or a wide-toothed comb.
My hair feel stronger and less prone to breakage, especially during brushing and combing – after using some other products, I can sometimes hear strands breaking!
I haven’t been monitoring drying time, colour or thermal protection.
My flyaways haven’t decreased, but I think this is because they tend to come from my hair being coarse and stiff rather than from static repulsion.

For people with curly hair, silicones elicit many emotions. For some, they are a holy grail ingredient, while others shy away from them for fear they will dry out their hair.

Amodimethicone is evident that there exists a considerable amount of confusion in the curly community in regard to whether silicones are good for curly hair and compatible with shampoo free hair care routines.

In this column, we'll take a look at amodimethicone and other similar molecules, such as bis-aminopropyl dimethicone and trimethyl silylamodimethicone. 
And we'll talk about the pros and cons of using them, especially if you shy away from sulfates.

These are being used more often by chemists as conditioning agents in hair product formulations. 
They are popular because of their ease of use in processing and manufacturing products as well as for their many benefits to the hair.

Amodimethicone is an abbreviation of “amine-functionalized silicone,” which is a family of silicones modified to have specific properties. The simplest, and perhaps most well-known silicone, polydimethylsiloxane (dimethicone, by INCI naming standards), consists of methyl groups (-CH3) as the pendant group along the backbone of the polymer chain. 
Amine-functionalized silicones have been chemically modified so that some of the pendant groups along the backbone have been replaced with various alkylamine groups (-R-NH2). 
These amine groups become positively charged in aqueous solutions because of their electron-donating (basic) tendencies, yielding an inorganic, cationic polymer.

Check here for sulfate-free shampoos.

These inorganic cationic polymers deposit onto the hair because of the electrostatic attraction between the polymer and the negatively-charged protein surface of the cuticle. 
In this manner, they behave much like polyquaternium materials (organic cationic polymers), which are excellent conditioning agents as well. 
The charge density of the polymer can be varied by changing the placement and quantity of the amine groups. 
A polymer with greater charge density will be more substantive to the hair than one with lesser charge density.

One interesting property of these polymers is that they provide selective conditioning to the areas most in need of it. 
The mechanism by which they accomplish this is, again, electrostatic attraction. 
Highly damaged areas of the hair cuticle possess higher negative charge density, which enhances the affinity of the cationic polymer to that specific area. 
These polymers can provide a targeted beneficial effect.

Once the amine-functional silicone is deposited onto the surface of the hair, it spreads out and forms a cross linked film when it dries. 
This cross linked film can last through several washings, which is considered to be advantageous in most applications. 
A unique property of these polymers is that once in place on the surface of the hair, they repel further deposition of amine-functional polymers on top of the existing layer, preventing buildup. 
This cross-linked film seals moisture inside the hair shaft, holding the cuticle flat and providing excellent wet and dry comb-ability. 
An additional benefit of these silicones over other cationic polymers (such as polyquats) is their high refractive index, which gives the hair a high degree of gloss and shine.

Silicones, including amodimethicone, also protect from thermal damage resulting from styling tools, such as hot rollers, curling irons, and blow dryers. This phenomenon is due to their very low thermal conductivity -- much lower than water, glycerin, or mineral oil. 
This reduces heat transfer through the hair surface to the cortex of the hair. 
Very high temperatures found when styling or processing hair (sometimes as high as 100°C to 160°C) are capable of vaporizing water contained within the cortex. 
It is extremely important to maintain proper hydration of the hair because water has a very high specific heat which helps protect the hair from getting too hot. 
Hair that reaches too high temperatures can suffer permanent damage to the delicate keratin fibrils in the cortex. 
A protective layer of amodimethicone on the surface can help prevent or reduce damage done in this manner. 
One frequent question that arises is whether these amine-functional silicones -- amodimethicone in particular -- are water soluble. 
This question is most relevant for those on a shampoo free routine who wash with conditioners. 
They fear that the only way to prevent buildup of these silicones is to use a traditional surfactant such as sodium lauryl or laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, or the ammonium lauryl or laureth sulfates.

The short answer is that these polymers are not water soluble. 
The silicone is provided to product manufacturers as a mixture of silicone/cationic surfactant/nonionic surfactant, which enables it to be readily dispersed into an aqueous formulation because this mixture is water soluble. 
However, once the product is used and the amodimethicone is deposited onto the surface of the hair and forms a film, it is not water soluble.

CONCLUSIONS
Amodimethicone and other similarly modified silicone polymers are considered to be among the best high-performance conditioning polymers currently available to the hair-care product formulator. 
They provide many unique benefits, including the following:

Provide deep conditioning
Provide targeted conditioning to areas of particularly damaged hair
Protect from thermal damage
Increase color retention
Resist build up
Impart gloss and shine
These modified silicones seem to be of particular benefit for those of us with damaged hair, permanently colored hair or those concerned about the buildup of conditioning agents. 
It would be necessary to use a shampoo containing one of the lauryl or laureth sulfates or cocamidopropyl betaine to completely remove this silicone from the hair, which may be of concern to those who prefer to use only conditioner-cleansing methods.

Description: Milky, white silicone emulsion (amino-modifed polydimethylsiloxane emulsion) offering excellent conditioning & softening properties. 
Soluble in water, soluble in alcohol.
CAS: 68554-54-1, 24938-91-5, 112-02-7
INCI Name: Amodimethicone, trideceth-12, cetrimonium chloride
Benefits:
Water soluble silicone emulsion for use in hair conditioners, hair spritzes and styling products
Protects the hair shaft, moisturizes hair, gives softness and shine
Adds a silky feel to skin care creams and reduces greasiness
Use: Typical use level is 1-15%, add to water phase of formulas.
Can also be mixed into emulsions after the temperature dropped to 50°C/125°F. For external use only.
Applications: Hair & skin conditioning products as shampoos, conditioners, creams, lotions.

Amodimethicone is is the the polyethylene glycol (PEG) ether of tridecyl alcohol, with 12 units of ethylene oxide in the molecule; it is sometimes derived from vegetable oil. 
Amodimethicone is seen in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products as both a surfactant, and is known to prevent the build-up of silicones, or counteract other products that build up in hair.
Therefore, it is most often found in shampoos, conditioners, and other hair care products 

Functions:

Amodimethicone is is the the polyethylene glycol (PEG) ether of tridecyl alcohol, with 12 units of ethylene oxide in the molecule (CosmeticsInfo.org); it is sometimes derived from vegetable oil. 
Amodimethicone is seen in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products as both a surfactant, and is known to prevent the build-up of silicones, or counteract other products that build up in hair. 
Therefore, it is most often found in shampoos, conditioners, and other hair care products (NCCosmetics).

Amodimethicone are controversial ingredients in cosmetics and beauty products, in part because of their ability to penetrate the skin and be absorbed into the body, or assist other chemicals and ingredients in absorption. 
According to research, lower molecular weight PEG ingredients were minimally absorbed and higher molecular weight PEGs (PEG-75 and greater) were not absorbed through intact skin. 
Therefore, Amodimethicone may be absorbed through the skin due to its low molecular weight of 12.

Raw material source: Dimethyldichlorosilane and water

Manufacture: Amodimethicone is an amine-functionalized silicone made from dimethicone where the methyl groups along the backbone are replaced with alkylamine groups which become positively charged in aqueous solutions yielding an cationic polymer. 
Dimethicone is made from dimethyldichlorosilane which is produced by powdered silicon (silicone dioxide) and methyl chloride. 
Dimethyldichlorosilane is then hydrolyzed to give a hydrolysate of polysiloxanes. 
In a polymerization reaction with water the polysiloxanes are then polymerized to linear silicone polymers with different chain length (dimethicones).

Milky, white silicone emulsion (amino-modifed polydimethylsiloxane emulsion) offering excellent conditioning & softening properties. Soluble in water, soluble in alcohol.

General Introduction 
Amodimethicone  is a high molecular weight, low amino group content silicone polymer containing two amino groups. 
Amodimethicone is used in shampoo, rinse-off conditioner, hair coloring and hair styling products. 
Amodimethicone can improve dry、wet combming property of shampoo and conditioner . 
Amodimethicone forms a smooth and firm film which repairs damaged hair, with excellent hair conditioning, deposition and antistatic ability. 
Amodimethicone9 is a reactive cationic emulsion containing 36% amodimethicone polymers. With excellent conditioning ability, it’s widely used in shampoo, conditioner, hair dressing treatment and styling products to provide favorable wet & dry combability and puffy feel. 
With strong affinity to hair, it can repair dyed and cold waved hair, damaged, rough, dry hair caused by chemical process, make hair smooth, easy to manage.

Amodimethicone is a low to medium viscosity amine functionalized polydimethylsiloxane copolymer designed for use in hair care products to impart silky, high shine results.

Example of Applications
Amodimethicone has been designed for use in personal care products. 
Amodimethicone is especially useful in hair products when incorporated in formulations as a conditioning agent.

What Is Amodimethicone?
Amodimethicone – a silicon-based polymer – is a man-made synthetic molecule comprised of repeating units called monomers. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (after oxygen).
Amodimethicone is one of the most widely used ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products and can also be found in many cooking oils, processed foods, and fast food items.

According to 2019 data in U.S. FDA’s Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP), dimethicone was reported to be used in 12,934 products. 
This included products for use near the eye, shampoos and conditioners, hair dyes and colors, bath oils, skin care products, bath soaps and detergents, suntan preparations and baby products. 

Why is Amodimethicone used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Amodimethicone works as an anti-foaming agent, skin protectant, skin conditioning agent, and hair conditioning agent. 
Amodimethicone prevents water loss by forming a barrier on the skin. 
Like most silicone materials, dimethicone has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable and, when applied to the skin, gives products a smooth and silky feel. 
Amodimethicone can also help fill in fine lines/wrinkles on the face, giving it a temporary “plump” look.

Major Uses

1, Typical applications
Use as film-forming agent.
Use as lubricant.
Use as anti-foaming agent.
Use as anticorrosive agent.
Use as antistatic agent.
Use as dispersing agent, emulsifying agent.

Personal care products
Conditioning agent, antistatic agent in personal care products.

Textile, fiber, leather
Softening agent, antistatic agent, brightening agent in textile, fiber, leather.

Further explanation

On physical and chemical indexes: firstly, shall be indicated carbon atom distribution; secondly, shall be indicated average molecular weight.

Used in cosmetics, should be test for harmful substances or furtherly test for microorganisms, according to local regulations and standards.

Amodimethicone uses and applications include: Emulsifier and antistat for cosmetics; for water repellents, car polishes, leather treatment, textile lubricants, vinyl conditioners; hair conditioner

Amodimethicone is a modified amino silicone oil, amino group characteristics, not easy yellowing, smooth sex good, permeability is good, have good moisturizing curling effect, in the hair care products have excellent water smooth effect, super soft, not sticky, good gloss, good persistence.

IUPAC NAMES:
aminofuntional siloxane
Amodimethicone
Dimethyl Siloxane with Aminoethylaminopropyl Silsesquioxane, Hydroxy-term
Dimethyl siloxane with aminoethylaminopropyl silsesquioxane, hydroxy-term
DIMETHYL SILOXANE WITH AMINOETHYLAMINOPROPYLSILSESQUIOXANE, HYDROXY-TERM
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, polymers with 3-((2-aminoethyl)amino)propyl silsesquioxanes, hydroxy-terminated
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, polymers with 3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl silsesquioxanes, hydroxy-terminated
SILSESQUIOXANES, 3-[(2-AMINOETHYL)AMINO]PROPYL, POLYMERS WITH DI-ME SILOXANES, HYDROXY-TERMINATED

SYNONYMS: 
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, polymers with 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyl silsesquioxanes, hydroxy-terminated
dimethylsiloxane/[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propylsilsesquioxane
AMODIMETHICONE
DIMETHOXYSILYL ETHYLENEDIAMINOPROPYL DIMETHICONE
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyldimethoxysilyloxy-terminated
dimethylsiloxane, (aminoethylpropyl)dimethoxysilyloxy-