AMORPHOUS SILICA

Amorphous Silica, also known as Silicon Dioxide, Silica, Hydrated Silica and CAS No. 7631-86-9, is a non-crystalline SiO₂-based material used in paints, coatings, plastics, rubber, adhesives, cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals and agriculture as a filler, anti-caking agent, thickener, adsorbent and reinforcing agent.
Amorphous Silicon Dioxide, also known as Silica, provides flow control, moisture management, dispersion and formulation stability through its high surface area and adsorption capacity.

Formulations containing Amorphous Silica benefit from its particle structure and high surface area, which help control viscosity, flow, dispersion and stability.
This Silica and Hydrated Silica-based raw material helps reduce agglomeration, maintain homogeneity and support physical stability throughout shelf life.

Amorphous Silica helps regulate adsorption, dispersion and rheology through its disordered Si–O–Si structure and high surface area.
Amorphous Silicon Dioxide uses its surface silanol groups to control particle interactions and support stability and viscosity control.

Amorphous Silica helps reduce agglomeration, moisture-related flow problems, sedimentation and poor viscosity control in formulations.
It also supports flowability, dispersion and physical stability by reducing particle agglomeration and component incompatibility.

Its particle structure and surface properties help control viscosity, homogeneity and component distribution in formulations.
Silica-containing formulations can therefore achieve better homogeneity, stability, application and physical consistency.

Amorphous Silica supports multiple formulation functions through its high surface area, adsorption capacity and versatile surface interactions.
Amorphous Silicon Dioxide helps provide viscosity control, flow regulation, moisture management and stabilization in a wide range of formulations.

Amorphous Silica supports adsorption and particle stabilization in water treatment formulations and can act as a carrier, flow aid and anti-caking agent in agricultural and crop protection products.
Hydrated Silica helps formulators develop stable, homogeneous products while supporting better flow, easier dosing and more uniform application.

WHAT IS AMORPHOUS SILICA?

Amorphous Silica, known as Amorf Silika in Turkish, is a type of silica with no crystalline long-range structure. Its main chemical composition is silicon dioxide, or Silicon Dioxide. It is used in many industrial and formulation applications due to its high surface area, adsorption capacity, particle structure and surface chemistry. Amorphous Silica is also known as Silica, Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous Silicon Dioxide and Non-Crystalline Silica. Depending on its intended use and production method, it can be found in different forms such as Precipitated Silica, Fumed Silica, Pyrogenic Silica, Silica Gel and Colloidal Silica.

Amorphous Silica can provide different technical functions in formulations depending on its particle size, specific surface area, pore structure, surface hydroxyl groups and production method. Terms such as Silica Powder, Amorphous Silicon Dioxide, Hydrated Silica, Precipitated Silica and Fumed Silica are commonly encountered in technical and commercial searches. However, these terms are not always exact synonyms. For example, Fumed Silica and Precipitated Silica are two different forms of synthetic amorphous silica produced through different manufacturing processes.

However, not all Amorphous Silica products available on the market have the same physical properties or applications. Production method, particle size, specific surface area, pore volume, surface modification, moisture content, purity and agglomeration behavior can significantly affect product performance. Therefore, different silica products should not be assumed to be technically interchangeable based only on the product name “Amorphous Silica” or “Silicon Dioxide.”

SiO₂ is the basic chemical composition of Amorphous Silica. This structure consists of silicon and oxygen atoms and can have the same basic chemical composition as crystalline silica, but the long-range atomic arrangement is different. In the amorphous structure, silicon and oxygen bonds do not form a regular crystal lattice. This structural characteristic contributes to the high surface area and surface interactions of Amorphous Silica.

Amorphous Silica can be used for purposes such as flow control, anti-caking, adsorption, matting, rheology control, reinforcement, carrier formation, moisture control and surface modification. Depending on the application, more specific product terms such as Silica Powder, Precipitated Silica, Fumed Silica or Colloidal Silica may be used.

The performance of Amorphous Silica does not depend only on its SiO₂ content. Specific surface area, particle size, pore structure, surface silanol groups, surface energy, moisture content, bulk density, dispersion behavior and production method can affect formulation performance. Therefore, two silica products with the same apparent chemical composition may show different viscosity, dispersion, adsorption or reinforcement performance.

Amorphous Silica can be used in paints and coatings, inks, adhesives, rubber, plastics, silicones, cosmetics, personal care, food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, detergents, animal feed, construction chemicals and various industrial formulations, depending on the applicable quality grade. Common forms of synthetic amorphous silica include Precipitated Silica, Silica Gel and Fumed Silica.

Common Product and Chemical Names:

Amorphous Silica

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide

Amorphous Silica Powder

Silica

Silicon Dioxide

Silicon(IV) Oxide

Silicon Oxide

Non-Crystalline Silica

Silica, Amorphous

Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous

Synthetic Amorphous Silica

Synthetic Silica

Silica Powder

Precipitated Silica

Precipitated Silicon Dioxide

Fumed Silica

Pyrogenic Silica

Pyrogenic Amorphous Silica

Colloidal Silica

Silica Gel

Hydrated Silica

Silica Sol

Highly Dispersed Silica

Light Anhydrous Silicic Acid

Silicic Anhydride

Silicon Dioxide Powder

Amorphous SiO₂

SiO₂

Silica E551

Food Grade Silica

Cosmetic Grade Silica

Pharmaceutical Grade Silica

Some of these names describe the chemical identity, while others refer to the production method, physical form, application or quality grade of amorphous silica. For example, Silicon Dioxide and Silica are general chemical names, while Amorphous Silica identifies the non-crystalline form of silica. Fumed Silica and Pyrogenic Silica are associated with synthetic amorphous silica produced through flame hydrolysis or similar thermal processes. Precipitated Silica refers to synthetic amorphous silica produced through a wet process.

Users searching for Amorphous Silica do not search only for the term “Amorphous Silica.” They may also use product, technical, application and supply-related searches such as “Amorphous Silica powder,” “Amorphous Silicon Dioxide,” “Silica powder,” “Silicon Dioxide powder,” “Precipitated Silica,” “Fumed Silica,” “Pyrogenic Silica,” “Silica Gel,” “Colloidal Silica,” “Amorphous Silica CAS,” “Amorphous Silica EINECS,” “Silica E551,” “Amorphous Silica price,” “Amorphous Silica supplier” and “Silicon Dioxide supplier.”

The CAS number used for Amorphous Silica should be evaluated together with the specific form of the product. CAS No. 7631-86-9 and EC No. 231-545-4 are listed in sources for the general Silicon Dioxide entry, while separate CAS numbers such as 112945-52-5 and 112926-00-8 are also used for certain forms of synthetic amorphous silica. ECHA records include 7631-86-9 together with different amorphous silica descriptions.

CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND INCI NAME

Product name: Amorphous Silica

Common chemical name: Silicon Dioxide

Chemical name: Silicon Dioxide

CAS No: Depends on the product form; 7631-86-9 for the general Silicon Dioxide record

EC / EINECS No: 231-545-4

INCI Name: SILICA

Molecular formula: SiO₂

Molecular weight: 60.08 g/mol

Chemical class: Inorganic silicon oxide / amorphous silica

Main functions: Adsorbent, flow aid, anti-caking agent, rheology modifier, matting agent, carrier, reinforcing agent and, depending on the application, dispersion aid

The chemical composition of Amorphous Silica is Silicon Dioxide, or SiO₂. PubChem lists the molecular formula of Silica as SiO₂ and its molecular weight as 60.084 g/mol. The same source states that crystalline and amorphous forms of Silica can have the same chemical composition but different atomic arrangements.

CAS No. 7631-86-9 and EC No. 231-545-4 are listed for the general Silicon Dioxide record in various official and technical sources. ECHA records associate EC No. 231-545-4 with Silicon Dioxide and include different descriptions such as Amorphous Synthetic Silica Gel, Precipitated Silica, Pyrogenic Amorphous Silica, Silica Gel and Colloidal Silica.

However, using a single CAS number for Amorphous Silica may not be sufficient for every commercial product. For different forms of Synthetic Amorphous Silica, CAS 112945-52-5 is associated with pyrogenic or fumed amorphous silica, while CAS 112926-00-8 is associated with precipitated silica and silica gel. Therefore, the exact chemical description and production method should be checked when purchasing the product.

In cosmetic ingredient nomenclature, the INCI name SILICA is used. However, more specific cosmetic raw materials such as Hydrated Silica may appear under different INCI names. For cosmetic manufacturing, the latest INCI and specification information provided by the manufacturer should be used as the reference.

Rather than being considered a single pure molecule, Amorphous Silica can be regarded as a class of materials consisting of amorphous SiO₂ particles with different physical and surface properties. Therefore, even when the molecular formula is the same, particle morphology, surface area and pore structure can change the technical performance of the product.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS SILICA

Amorphous Silica is an inorganic material mainly composed of silicon and oxygen atoms with an SiO₂ structure. Its main difference from crystalline silica is that silicon and oxygen atoms do not form a long-range ordered crystal lattice. For this reason, Amorphous Silica can also be described as Non-Crystalline Silica.

In Silicon Dioxide, silicon atoms form strong bonds with oxygen atoms. In the amorphous structure, these bonds do not show the same long-range regular repetition found in crystalline silica. This disordered structure can contribute to the presence of surface silanol groups and the importance of surface interactions.

Surface silanol groups on Amorphous Silica can interact with water, polar components, polymers, metal ions and various chemicals. This property is one of the main reasons why Amorphous Silica is used as an adsorbent, rheology modifier, carrier or reinforcing agent.

The technical performance of Amorphous Silica cannot be determined from its chemical formula alone. Particle size, primary particle size, degree of agglomeration, specific surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution and surface chemistry are important parameters that influence product behavior.

Although Fumed Silica and Precipitated Silica have the same basic SiO₂ composition, they may not provide the same performance because of their different production methods and particle structures. NCBI and ECHA sources describe different forms of synthetic amorphous silica, including pyrogenic, precipitated, silica gel and colloidal forms.

Fumed Silica or Pyrogenic Silica can be used for rheology control, thixotropy, anti-settling and reinforcement due to its high specific surface area and fine particle structure. Precipitated Silica can provide different functions in rubber, elastomers, toothpaste, animal feed, food and various industrial formulations.

Silica Gel can be used as a moisture absorber, desiccant and adsorbent due to its high porosity and adsorption capacity. Colloidal Silica consists of amorphous silica particles dispersed in a liquid medium and can be used in various binder, surface treatment and process applications.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS SILICA

Amorphous Silica is generally available as a white or off-white fine powder. However, Colloidal Silica and some specialized Silica Gel products can be supplied in liquid or granular forms. Physical appearance can vary depending on the production method, particle size, surface treatment and commercial grade.

General technical properties:

Physical appearance: White or off-white fine powder, granules or colloidal dispersion

Chemical character: Amorphous Silicon Dioxide

Molecular formula: SiO₂

Molecular weight: 60.08 g/mol

CAS No: Depends on the specific amorphous silica form

EC / EINECS No: 231-545-4 for the general Silicon Dioxide record

INCI Name: SILICA

Water solubility: Practically insoluble, but may disperse in aqueous systems depending on particle size and surface properties

Surface character: Generally hydrophilic, but can become hydrophobic depending on surface modification

Specific surface area: Varies widely depending on the production method and grade

Bulk density: Depends on the production method and particle structure

Particle size: Depends on the production method and grade

pH: Measured in an aqueous dispersion at a specified concentration; a single pH value should not be stated without defining the test conditions

The physical properties of Amorphous Silica can vary significantly depending on its form. For example, Fumed Silica may be supplied as a very fine powder with a high surface area, while Precipitated Silica may have different particle and pore characteristics. Silica Gel can show different technical behavior due to its high pore volume and adsorption capacity.

The insolubility of Amorphous Silica in water does not mean that it cannot be used in aqueous systems. Colloidal Silica or properly dispersed Silica Powder can remain dispersed as particles in aqueous systems. Dispersion quality can be affected by particle size, surface chemistry, mixing energy, pH and electrolyte content.

The specific surface area of Amorphous Silica is one of the most important parameters for technical performance. A high surface area can provide greater surface interaction. Therefore, two silica products with the same weight can show different oil absorption, rheology control or adsorption performance.

These values are provided for general technical information and should not be used as binding specifications for a product being purchased. Parameters such as BET surface area, particle size, oil absorption, moisture, pH, bulk density, pore volume, SiO₂ assay and surface modification should be verified through the supplier's current TDS and COA documents.

HOW DOES AMORPHOUS SILICA WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?

The main effect of Amorphous Silica in formulations comes from its high surface area and surface chemistry. Silanol groups on silica particles can form hydrogen bonds and other surface interactions with water and other polar components.

When Amorphous Silica is added to a formulation, its particles disperse within the liquid or polymer phase. The surface area and particle interactions can change the flow behavior and rheology of the system.

The molecular- and particle-level functions of Amorphous Silica can vary depending on the application:

Creating an adsorption surface

Helping regulate flowability

Creating a thixotropic structure

Helping reduce sedimentation

Reducing agglomeration

Adsorbing moisture or liquid components

Acting as a carrier in oil and resin systems

Providing reinforcement in polymer and rubber systems

Increasing surface mattness

Supporting particle dispersion

The effect of Amorphous Silica on rheology is particularly important in Fumed Silica products. Fine silica particles and their high surface area can promote particle-to-particle interactions within liquid systems. This structure can increase viscosity under low-shear conditions while allowing easier flow under high shear.

This behavior can be used to create thixotropic structures in paints, inks, adhesives, sealants, silicones and coating systems.

The adsorption properties of Amorphous Silica are also important in many applications. Silica Gel is particularly used for moisture adsorption due to its high pore volume, while some Precipitated Silica products can be used to carry or convert liquid components into free-flowing powders.

Certain Precipitated Silica products can be used for reinforcement in rubber and elastomer systems. Interactions between silica particles and the polymer matrix can affect mechanical properties and wear behavior.

In toothpaste and oral care products, Hydrated Silica or specific amorphous silica forms can be used for cleaning, polishing and structure formation. Performance in these applications is closely related to particle hardness, particle size and surface properties.

The high surface area of Amorphous Silica can also promote the adsorption of pigments, active ingredients or other components onto the particle surface. Therefore, it can be used as a carrier and dispersion aid in different formulations.

However, Amorphous Silica should not be assumed to provide the same rheology or adsorption effect in every system. The surface area, particle structure, surface modification, dosage and interactions with other raw materials should be evaluated through laboratory testing.

WHICH INDUSTRIES USE AMORPHOUS SILICA?

Amorphous Silica is a versatile inorganic raw material used across many industries due to its different particle and surface properties. Its purpose depends on the production method, particle size, surface area, purity and quality grade of the product.

Main applications:

Paints and coatings

Inks

Adhesives and sealants

Silicone systems

Rubber and elastomers

Plastics and polymers

Cosmetics and personal care

Toothpaste and oral care

Food applications

Pharmaceutical applications

Agriculture and crop protection

Animal feed

Detergents and cleaning products

Moisture absorber and desiccant systems

Water-based industrial systems

Construction chemicals

Concrete and cement technologies

Ceramic and refractory applications

Electronics and specialty material applications

Different forms of Amorphous Silica are preferred for different industries. Precipitated Silica can be used in rubber and elastomer applications, Fumed Silica in paints, coatings, adhesives, silicones and rheology modification, Silica Gel in adsorption and moisture control, and Colloidal Silica in binder and surface treatment applications.

Each industry has different performance requirements for Amorphous Silica. For example, a rubber manufacturer may focus on reinforcement and dispersion, while a paint manufacturer may prioritize rheology, anti-settling and surface appearance. A cosmetics manufacturer may evaluate particle size, purity, safety and sensory properties in greater detail.

USE OF AMORPHOUS SILICA IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE

In cosmetic and personal care formulations, Amorphous Silica can be used as an absorbent, bulking agent, opacifying agent, viscosity controlling agent and surface-modifying ingredient depending on its particle structure and grade.

Potential functions of Amorphous Silica in cosmetic products include:

Supporting the adsorption of oils and liquid components

Controlling formulation viscosity

Improving flow properties in powder products

Helping reduce agglomeration

Providing a mattifying effect

Supporting particle distribution

Contributing to cleaning and polishing performance in toothpaste

Acting as a carrier and structure-forming ingredient in cosmetic powders

Amorphous Silica can be used in powders, foundations, makeup products, deodorants, skin care products, hair care products and various powder cosmetics.

The very high surface area of Fumed Silica can provide a rheology-modifying effect at low use levels in certain cosmetic and personal care formulations. However, the same property can make the powder more prone to becoming airborne, making dust control important during processing.

Hydrated Silica is one of the important silica forms used particularly in toothpaste and oral care products. In these applications, particle size, abrasivity, cleaning capacity and surface properties can affect final product performance.

When selecting Amorphous Silica for cosmetic manufacturing, the INCI name, manufacturer specification, particle size, surface area, heavy metal limits, impurity profile, microbiological requirements and application suitability should be evaluated.

The suitability of an Amorphous Silica product for cosmetic use cannot be determined only from the name “Silica” or “Silicon Dioxide.” Current technical documentation supplied by the manufacturer and applicable cosmetic regulatory requirements should be checked.

USE OF AMORPHOUS SILICA IN FOOD APPLICATIONS

Amorphous Silica, when supplied in an appropriate quality grade, can be used in certain food applications as an anti-caking agent, carrier or flow aid. In food applications, terms such as Silicon Dioxide, Silica or E551 may be encountered. However, the product's physical form, purity and regulatory compliance should also be verified for food use.

Potential functions of Amorphous Silica in food applications include:

Helping prevent caking

Improving the flow of powdered products

Supporting moisture control

Acting as a carrier

Supporting free flow in spices and powder blends

Improving particle distribution in certain food ingredients

When purchasing Amorphous Silica for food production, the following should be checked:

Food Grade status

Compliance with applicable regulations

Current technical specification

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

SiO₂ assay value

Heavy metal limits

Particle and physical properties

Manufacturer and batch traceability

Applicable conformity and certification documents when required

A non-food-grade Amorphous Silica product should not be assumed to be suitable for food production simply because it is identified as Silicon Dioxide or CAS 7631-86-9.

Likewise, a Food Grade Silica product should not automatically be considered suitable for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications. The applicable quality standard and manufacturer documentation should be checked for each specific application.

PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SILICA

Amorphous Silica can be used in certain pharmaceutical applications as an adsorbent, carrier, flow aid and excipient in tablet or powder formulations.

Selecting Amorphous Silica for pharmaceutical applications requires a more comprehensive evaluation than general industrial use. Product purity, particle properties, production method, microbiological properties, heavy metal limits and the applicable pharmacopoeial standard are important considerations.

Colloidal Silicon Dioxide is a specific form of amorphous silica used in certain pharmaceutical applications. However, different products such as Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, Precipitated Silica and Fumed Silica should not be assumed to provide the same performance.

Users searching for Pharmaceutical Grade Silica should verify through current manufacturer documentation that the product complies with the relevant pharmacopoeial or quality standard.

In biotechnology and laboratory applications, Amorphous Silica can be used for adsorption, surface immobilization, carrier systems and various separation or purification processes.

Particle size, surface area, surface functional groups and impurity profile are particularly important in these applications.

The amount and application method of Amorphous Silica used in these fields should be determined based on validated processes and specific product requirements. General industrial or cosmetic recommendations should not be directly transferred to pharmaceutical or biotechnological processes.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF AMORPHOUS SILICA

Amorphous Silica is an important functional raw material used in many industrial formulations due to its high surface area, adsorption capacity and particle properties.

The following functions can be important in industrial Amorphous Silica applications:

Rheology modification

Thixotropy formation

Anti-settling

Anti-caking

Adsorption

Reinforcement

Matting

Surface modification

Flow control

Moisture control

Carrier function

Dispersion support

Rubber reinforcement

Structure formation

In paint and coating formulations, Fumed Silica can help reduce the settling of pigments or fillers by increasing low-shear viscosity. It can also support flow under high shear during application.

In adhesive and sealant systems, Amorphous Silica can be used for viscosity control, thixotropy, sag resistance and suspension of fillers.

In the rubber industry, Precipitated Silica is an important reinforcing material used to improve the mechanical properties of certain elastomers.

The following factors should be evaluated when using Amorphous Silica in industrial systems:

Particle size

BET surface area

Oil absorption

Bulk density

Moisture content

Surface modification

Dispersion method

Mixing energy

Formulation pH

Electrolyte content

Polymer or resin type

Final product rheology requirements

WHAT PROBLEMS CAN AMORPHOUS SILICA HELP SOLVE?

Amorphous Silica can help address various formulation problems related to flow, rheology, adsorption, sedimentation, agglomeration and mechanical performance. However, its effect depends on the silica form, surface area, particle size and dosage.

Sedimentation in formulations

Fumed Silica or certain other forms of amorphous silica can modify the rheology of liquid systems and help reduce the tendency of pigments, fillers and other particles to settle.

However, adding Amorphous Silica alone does not completely prevent sedimentation in every formulation. Particle density, resin type, dispersion quality and storage conditions should be evaluated together.

Insufficient structure at low viscosity

Fumed Silica can help create rheological structure at low dosage through its high surface area and particle interactions.

This property can be useful in paints, coatings, silicones, adhesives and sealant systems.

Caking in powder products

Suitable Amorphous Silica products can be used as flow aids or anti-caking agents in powder systems. Silica particles can interact with moisture and contact points on the surface of the main particles, supporting better free flow.

However, anti-caking performance depends on particle size, moisture content, surface properties of the main product and dosage.

Converting a liquid component into a powder

Certain Precipitated Silica products can help adsorb liquid or oily components and produce a free-flowing powder.

However, adsorption capacity is closely related to the surface area, pore structure and oil absorption value of the Silica.

Need for matting in paints and coatings

Certain Amorphous Silica products can create micro-roughness on coating surfaces, increasing light scattering and producing a matt appearance.

For this application, particle size, surface area and compatibility with the coating resin should be evaluated.

Improving mechanical performance in rubber

Precipitated Silica can be used as a reinforcement filler in certain elastomer systems. Interactions between silica and the polymer matrix can affect mechanical strength and wear properties.

However, silica selection should be based on the elastomer type, silane system, mixing conditions and targeted mechanical properties.

Moisture control

Silica Gel and certain high-surface-area Amorphous Silica products can be used for moisture adsorption. The high porosity of Silica Gel provides an important advantage, particularly in packaging, storage and drying applications.

Not every Amorphous Silica product should be assumed to have the same moisture adsorption capacity as Silica Gel.

KEY CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING AMORPHOUS SILICA

One of the most common mistakes when using Amorphous Silica is assuming that all silica products have the same technical properties. Fumed Silica, Precipitated Silica, Silica Gel and Colloidal Silica have different production methods and particle characteristics.

The following factors should be considered when using Amorphous Silica:

The appropriate silica form should be selected for the intended application.

The production method should be checked.

BET surface area should be reviewed.

Particle size should be evaluated.

Oil absorption should be checked.

Bulk density should be checked.

Moisture content should be evaluated.

Surface modification should be verified when applicable.

The dispersion method should be determined.

Dosage should be established through laboratory testing.

Compatibility with other raw materials should be tested.

Manufacturer TDS and SDS documents should be reviewed.

Batch-specific analysis results should be verified through the COA.

During the handling of Amorphous Silica powders, appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment should be used to reduce exposure to airborne particles. Safe handling procedures should be determined according to the product's current SDS.

Dust control is particularly important during the transfer, weighing and mixing of very fine powders such as Fumed Silica.

INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR AMORPHOUS SILICA

The examples below are initial approaches prepared to demonstrate how Amorphous Silica can be evaluated during formulation development. They are not validated commercial formulations, production instructions or regulatory-compliant final formulations.

The stated ratios are example starting levels for laboratory trials. The performance can vary significantly depending on whether the Amorphous Silica used is Fumed Silica, Precipitated Silica, Hydrated Silica or another form. Laboratory testing, stability evaluation, safety assessment and applicable regulatory checks should be carried out for each application.

EXAMPLE 1: PRELIMINARY TRIAL FOR RHEOLOGY MODIFICATION IN AN AQUEOUS SYSTEM

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Amorphous Silica on rheological structure and suspension in an aqueous formulation.

Initial approach:

Water or main carrier phase: 94%

Amorphous Silica: 1%

Other formulation components: 5%

This ratio is only an example starting level for laboratory screening. Different products such as Fumed Silica or Colloidal Silica should not be expected to provide the same rheological result at the same dosage.

Application approach:

The water phase is prepared.

Amorphous Silica is added in a controlled manner.

High-shear mixing or an appropriate dispersion method is applied.

Mixing time is kept constant.

Viscosity is measured.

Sedimentation and phase behavior are monitored.

The Amorphous Silica level is gradually adjusted if necessary.

The dispersion of Amorphous Silica in aqueous systems depends on its surface characteristics. Some Fumed Silica products may require specific dispersion conditions in water.

EXAMPLE 2: PRELIMINARY RHEOLOGY EVALUATION IN PAINT AND COATING SYSTEMS

Purpose: To evaluate the thixotropy and anti-settling performance of Fumed Silica or a suitable Amorphous Silica product in a paint or coating system.

Initial components:

Resin or binder phase: 70–85%

Solvent or carrier phase: 10–20%

Amorphous Silica: 0.5–3%

Pigments and other additives: according to the formulation

The amount of Amorphous Silica can vary according to its surface area and structure. High-surface-area Fumed Silica products can provide a more pronounced rheological effect at low dosage.

Application approach:

The binder phase is prepared.

Amorphous Silica is added in a controlled manner.

Appropriate dispersion energy is applied.

Pigments and other additives are added to the system.

Viscosity and thixotropy are measured.

Sedimentation is observed after 24 hours and longer periods.

Sag resistance and leveling are evaluated during application.

A single Amorphous Silica product should not be assumed to provide the same performance in all paint systems.

EXAMPLE 3: FLOW AND ANTI-CAKING CONTROL IN POWDER PRODUCTS

Purpose: To evaluate the flow and anti-caking performance of Amorphous Silica in a powder formulation.

Initial approach:

Main powder product: 98.5%

Amorphous Silica: 0.5%

Other auxiliary components: 1%

The Amorphous Silica level can be adjusted according to the surface area, moisture content and properties of the main powder. Low, medium and high dosage levels can be compared during laboratory screening.

Application approach:

The main powder product is prepared.

Amorphous Silica is sieved or homogenized separately.

It is added to the main powder in a controlled manner.

Mixing time is kept constant.

Flowability is evaluated.

Caking tendency is examined under controlled moisture and storage conditions.

In these applications, uniform distribution of the Silica throughout the main product is important.

SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO AMORPHOUS SILICA

Selecting an alternative to Amorphous Silica is not simply a matter of choosing another mineral or powder raw material. The target function, particle size, surface area, adsorption capacity, rheological effect, moisture control, application sector, quality requirements and final product performance should be evaluated together.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND PRECIPITATED SILICA

Precipitated Silica is one of the important forms of synthetic amorphous silica. Therefore, when comparing Precipitated Silica with Amorphous Silica, the specific form of Amorphous Silica should be clearly identified.

Precipitated Silica is a synthetic amorphous SiO₂ form produced through wet chemical processes. It can be used particularly in rubber, elastomers, toothpaste, animal feed and various powder formulations.

While Amorphous Silica refers to a broader material class, Precipitated Silica identifies a specific production method and physical product type. Therefore, every Precipitated Silica product is within the broader amorphous silica category, but not every Amorphous Silica product is Precipitated Silica.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND FUMED SILICA

Fumed Silica, also known as Pyrogenic Silica, is a high-surface-area form of synthetic amorphous silica. Fumed Silica is commonly used for rheology modification, thixotropy, anti-settling and reinforcement in various polymer systems.

Amorphous Silica refers to a broader material class, while Fumed Silica describes a specific production and structural type within this class.

Fumed Silica and Precipitated Silica may have the same chemical composition but can differ in surface area, particle structure, bulk density and rheological performance.

Therefore, when direct replacement of Precipitated Silica with Fumed Silica is considered, performance testing should be carried out.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND SILICA GEL

Silica Gel is one of the porous forms of amorphous silica. It is particularly used for moisture adsorption, drying and various separation applications.

Amorphous Silica refers to a broader chemical and structural class, while Silica Gel describes a specific porous physical structure and application profile.

The high adsorption capacity of Silica Gel makes it suitable for moisture control, while Fumed Silica is more commonly evaluated in formulations requiring rheology modification and high surface area.

Therefore, replacing Amorphous Silica with Silica Gel should be evaluated according to the target function.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND COLLOIDAL SILICA

Colloidal Silica is a dispersion system consisting of amorphous silica particles dispersed in a liquid medium.

The main difference between Amorphous Silica Powder and Colloidal Silica is their physical form. Amorphous Silica Powder is supplied as dry particles, while Colloidal Silica consists of particles dispersed in a liquid carrier.

Colloidal Silica can be used in binder systems, surface treatments, investment casting, catalysis and various specialty industrial applications.

Therefore, dry Amorphous Silica and Colloidal Silica should not be treated as direct one-to-one substitutes.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND DIATOMACEOUS EARTH

Diatomaceous Earth, also known as Diatomite or Kieselguhr, is a naturally occurring siliceous material. Although it has a high silica content, its natural mineral structure and impurity profile can differ from synthetic amorphous silica.

Diatomaceous Earth is used in certain filtration, adsorption, agricultural and filler applications, while synthetic Amorphous Silica can provide more controlled particle and surface properties.

Especially in food or sensitive industrial applications, the mineralogical structure and crystalline silica content of both materials should be evaluated separately.

Therefore, replacing Amorphous Silica with Diatomaceous Earth should not be determined solely by their chemical SiO₂ content.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND ALUMINUM SILICATE

Aluminum Silicate is a different group of inorganic materials containing silicon, oxygen and aluminum. Amorphous Silica, in contrast, is primarily based on an SiO₂ structure.

Both materials can be used as fillers or adsorbents in certain applications, but their chemical structures and surface properties are different.

Therefore, Aluminum Silicate should not be considered a direct chemical alternative to Amorphous Silica.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND CALCIUM CARBONATE

Calcium Carbonate is used in many formulations for filling, opacity, rheology and cost optimization. However, the chemical structure and surface behavior of Calcium Carbonate are completely different from those of Amorphous Silica.

Calcium Carbonate behaves as a higher-density mineral filler, while Amorphous Silica can provide a much higher specific surface area.

Therefore, Calcium Carbonate can be an alternative in certain filler applications, but it cannot directly replace Amorphous Silica in systems requiring rheology modification, adsorption or high surface area.

AMORPHOUS SILICA AND MAGNESIUM SILICATE

Magnesium Silicate is a different inorganic silicate material used in certain cosmetic, pharmaceutical, adsorption and filler applications.

The main difference between Amorphous Silica and Magnesium Silicate is their chemical composition and mineral structure.

Alternative selection should be based on comparative laboratory testing of the targeted adsorption, flow, oil absorption or rheological performance.

QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR AMORPHOUS SILICA

When purchasing Amorphous Silica, evaluating the product only by its name and price is not sufficient. Different product types such as Fumed Silica, Precipitated Silica, Silica Gel and Colloidal Silica have different technical properties.

Information recommended for review before purchase:

Product name and manufacturer

Silica type

Production method

CAS number

EC / EINECS number

SiO₂ purity

BET surface area

Particle size

Oil absorption

Bulk density

Pore volume

Pore size

Moisture

pH

Surface treatment

Hydrophilic or hydrophobic character

Technical Data Sheet (TDS)

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Production and batch information

Packaging type and net quantity

Storage conditions

Shelf life or retest information

Regulatory and compliance documents required for specific industries

The COA shows the analysis results for a specific batch of Amorphous Silica. The TDS describes the general technical properties and recommended applications of the product. The SDS provides information on safe use, handling, storage and emergency measures.

These documents do not replace one another and should be evaluated together.

When purchasing Amorphous Silica, it is particularly important to ask the manufacturer whether the product is Precipitated Silica, Fumed Silica, Silica Gel or Colloidal Silica. Different products with different performance characteristics can be supplied under the general names Silica or Silicon Dioxide.

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF AMORPHOUS SILICA

Amorphous Silica should be stored under the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, in its original packaging, in a dry environment and properly sealed. Moisture control is particularly important for powdered silica products to maintain their flow and dispersion properties.

The product should be protected from high humidity, direct sunlight and unsuitable storage conditions.

After opening the packaging, the product should be protected from environmental moisture and contamination. Clean and dry equipment should be used during handling, and the packaging should be properly resealed after use.

For fine powder products such as Fumed Silica, dust generation should be controlled during packaging opening and transfer operations.

For Silica Gel products, keeping the packaging sealed is particularly important to preserve their moisture adsorption capacity.

Products stored for long periods or showing changes in appearance should be evaluated according to the manufacturer's specifications.

SAFETY INFORMATION FOR AMORPHOUS SILICA

The safe handling of Amorphous Silica depends on the physical form, particle size and current SDS of the supplied product.

Amorphous Silica is not the same as crystalline silica. Amorphous and crystalline silica can have the same SiO₂ chemical composition but differ structurally. Therefore, when necessary, the purchased product should be verified to meet the relevant amorphous silica specification and to be free from crystalline silica as required.

For fine-powder Amorphous Silica products, reducing exposure to respirable particles is important. Appropriate ventilation, dust extraction systems and personal protective equipment should be used during transfer, weighing and mixing operations.

Dust control is particularly important when handling fine, high-surface-area particles such as Fumed Silica.

For food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical or biotechnology applications, not only chemical safety but also the suitability of the raw material for the relevant product category should be verified.

Safety information should not be assumed to be identical for different manufacturers or different silica forms. The current SDS and manufacturer's technical documentation should be used as the reference.

WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN PURCHASING AMORPHOUS SILICA?

The first step in sourcing Amorphous Silica is to clearly define its intended application. The quality requirements for paint and coating rheology, rubber reinforcement, powder flow control, moisture adsorption, cosmetic matting, toothpaste, food applications or pharmaceutical use may be different.

Therefore, instead of specifying only “Amorphous Silica” or “Silicon Dioxide” in a purchasing request, stating the application and target technical function allows the appropriate product to be evaluated more accurately.

The following information should be clarified before purchase:

Application sector and final use

Required Silica type

Fumed Silica or Precipitated Silica requirement

Required BET surface area

Particle size

Oil absorption value

Bulk density

Surface treatment requirement

Hydrophilic or hydrophobic character

Required quality standard

Manufacturer and country of origin requirements

Required packaging type and quantity

TDS, SDS and COA requirements

Required regulatory or compliance documents

Technical specifications of the existing product if a replacement is required

The price of Amorphous Silica can vary depending on product type, production method, surface area, particle size, surface treatment, manufacturer, quality grade, order quantity, packaging, origin, logistics and current market conditions. Therefore, the current Amorphous Silica price should be evaluated together with the product specification and delivery terms in the quotation.

AMORPHOUS SILICA SUPPLY FROM ATAMAN KİMYA

Amorphous Silica is an important chemical raw material used for various technical functions such as adsorption, rheology modification, flow control, anti-caking, matting, carrier applications and reinforcement. Manufacturers planning to purchase the product should clarify the appropriate Silica type, particle properties, quality grade, technical specifications and required documentation before placing an order.

Companies seeking information about Amorphous Silica supply from Ataman Kimya can share their application and technical requirements to request information about product suitability, current supply availability, packaging options and quotation details.

The current stock status, origin, Silica type, particle properties, packaging and specifications of the product should be confirmed with Ataman Kimya before ordering.

Sharing the following information in a quotation request can facilitate the evaluation of the appropriate Amorphous Silica product:

Application sector and final use

Requested Silica type

Required BET surface area

Required particle properties

Required quality standard

Estimated order quantity

Required packaging type

Required technical documents

Existing product TDS or COA information, if available.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT AMORPHOUS SILICA

What is Amorphous Silica?

Amorphous Silica is a form of Silicon Dioxide with no crystalline long-range structure and a basic chemical composition of SiO₂. It is also known as Amorphous Silicon Dioxide or Non-Crystalline Silica and is used in various industrial applications depending on its particle and surface properties.

Is Amorphous Silica the same as Silicon Dioxide?

Amorphous Silica is the amorphous form of Silicon Dioxide, or SiO₂. The term Silicon Dioxide can refer to both amorphous and crystalline forms. Therefore, the two terms should not always be considered exact synonyms.

What is the CAS number of Amorphous Silica?

The CAS number of Amorphous Silica can vary depending on the specific product form. CAS 7631-86-9 is used for the general Silicon Dioxide record. Specific forms of synthetic amorphous silica, such as Fumed Silica and Precipitated Silica, may have different CAS numbers.

What is the EC / EINECS number of Amorphous Silica?

The EC / EINECS number listed for Silicon Dioxide is 231-545-4.

What is the INCI name of Amorphous Silica?

The general INCI name used in cosmetic ingredient nomenclature is SILICA. However, the current INCI information provided by the manufacturer should be checked according to the specific product form.

What is the chemical formula of Amorphous Silica?

The basic chemical formula of Amorphous Silica is SiO₂. PubChem lists the molecular formula of Silica as SiO₂ and its molecular weight as approximately 60.084 g/mol.

Is Amorphous Silica the same as Silica?

Silica is a common name for Silicon Dioxide. Amorphous Silica specifically refers to the non-crystalline form of Silica.

Is Amorphous Silica the same as Fumed Silica?

Fumed Silica is a form of synthetic amorphous silica produced through a specific manufacturing process. Therefore, Fumed Silica can be classified as amorphous silica, but not every Amorphous Silica product is Fumed Silica.

Is Amorphous Silica the same as Precipitated Silica?

Precipitated Silica is a form of synthetic amorphous silica produced through a specific manufacturing process. Therefore, Precipitated Silica can be considered a subgroup of amorphous silica, while Amorphous Silica is the broader term.

Is Amorphous Silica the same as Silica Gel?

Silica Gel is a porous form of amorphous silica with high adsorption capacity. However, not every Amorphous Silica product is Silica Gel.

Is Amorphous Silica soluble in water?

Amorphous Silica is practically insoluble in water. However, products with suitable particle sizes and surface properties can be dispersed in aqueous systems. Colloidal Silica consists of silica particles stabilized in a liquid phase.

What is Amorphous Silica used for?

Amorphous Silica can be used for rheology modification, thixotropy, anti-settling, adsorption, anti-caking, flow control, matting, carrier applications and rubber reinforcement.

Which industries use Amorphous Silica?

Amorphous Silica can be used in paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, sealants, silicones, rubber, plastics, cosmetics, personal care, food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, detergents, construction chemicals and various industrial applications.

Is Amorphous Silica used in paints and coatings?

Yes. Suitable Fumed Silica or Precipitated Silica products can be used in paint and coating systems for rheology modification, anti-settling, thixotropy and surface property control.

Is Amorphous Silica used in rubber?

Yes. Certain Precipitated Silica products can be used as reinforcement fillers in rubber and elastomer systems.

Is Amorphous Silica used in cosmetics?

Yes. Suitable quality grades of Amorphous Silica can be used in cosmetics and personal care products as an adsorbent, matting agent, flow aid, structure-forming ingredient and, in certain formulations, viscosity modifier.

Is Amorphous Silica used in toothpaste?

Certain Hydrated Silica and other suitable amorphous silica products can be used in toothpaste and oral care products for cleaning, polishing and structure formation. The abrasivity and particle properties of the product should be suitable for the application.

Is Amorphous Silica used in food?

Suitable quality grades of Silicon Dioxide or amorphous silica can be used in certain food applications. Food Grade suitability and applicable regulatory requirements should also be verified.

Is Amorphous Silica E551?

E551 is a food additive designation associated with Silicon Dioxide. However, whether a purchased product can be used under E551 should be verified based on the product specification and applicable regulations.

What is Pharmaceutical Grade Amorphous Silica?

Pharmaceutical Grade Amorphous Silica refers to amorphous silica products that meet specific purity, physical property and quality requirements for pharmaceutical applications. Compliance with the relevant pharmacopoeial standard should be verified through manufacturer documentation.

What is Food Grade Amorphous Silica?

Food Grade Amorphous Silica is a product that meets the applicable quality and regulatory requirements for food applications. Not every Silicon Dioxide product should automatically be considered Food Grade.

What is Fumed Silica?

Fumed Silica, also known as Pyrogenic Silica, is a high-surface-area form of synthetic amorphous silica. It is particularly used in rheology, thixotropy, anti-settling, silicone and polymer systems.

What is Precipitated Silica?

Precipitated Silica is synthetic amorphous silica produced through a wet chemical process. It can be used in rubber, elastomers, toothpaste and various industrial applications.

What is Silica Gel?

Silica Gel is a highly porous form of amorphous silica. It is particularly used for moisture adsorption, drying and adsorbent applications.

What is Colloidal Silica?

Colloidal Silica is a dispersion of amorphous silica particles in a liquid medium. It can be used in binders, coatings, casting and various specialty industrial applications.

What determines the price of Amorphous Silica?

The price of Amorphous Silica can vary according to product type, whether it is Fumed or Precipitated Silica, BET surface area, particle size, surface treatment, purity, manufacturer, origin, packaging, order quantity, logistics and market conditions.

Are there alternatives to Amorphous Silica?

Precipitated Silica, Fumed Silica, Silica Gel, Colloidal Silica, Diatomaceous Earth, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Silicate and certain specialty mineral fillers can be considered as alternatives in specific applications. However, alternative selection should be based on the target function.

What is the difference between Amorphous Silica and Fumed Silica?

Amorphous Silica refers to a broad material class, while Fumed Silica is a product type within this class characterized by a specific production method and high surface area.

What is the difference between Amorphous Silica and Precipitated Silica?

Precipitated Silica is a specific production form of synthetic amorphous silica. Amorphous Silica is a broader term covering non-crystalline silica forms regardless of their production method.

What is the difference between Amorphous Silica and Diatomaceous Earth?

Amorphous Silica can refer to synthetic or specific amorphous silica forms with controlled properties, while Diatomaceous Earth is a naturally occurring siliceous material. Their mineralogical structure, impurity profile and crystalline silica content can differ.

Does Amorphous Silica affect pH?

The effect of Amorphous Silica on pH depends on its surface properties, dispersion medium and measurement conditions. Instead of assigning one fixed pH value, the test method specified in the manufacturer's TDS should be considered.

Is Amorphous Silica hydrophobic?

Many standard Amorphous Silica products have a hydrophilic surface character. However, hydrophobic Amorphous Silica products with surface modification are also available. Therefore, the surface treatment information should be checked.

Does Amorphous Silica absorb moisture?

High-surface-area and particularly porous Amorphous Silica products can adsorb water on their surfaces. Silica Gel is especially used for its high moisture adsorption capacity.

Does Amorphous Silica absorb oil?

Yes. Some Amorphous Silica products can adsorb oils and other liquid components on their surfaces or within their pore structures. Oil absorption capacity depends on the physical structure of the product.

Is Amorphous Silica used as a rheology modifier?

Yes. Fumed Silica, in particular, can be used as a rheology modifier in paints, coatings, silicones, adhesives and sealants due to its high surface area and particle interactions.

Is Amorphous Silica used as an anti-caking agent?

Yes. Suitable Amorphous Silica products can interact with moisture and particle surfaces in powder formulations, helping improve flow properties and reduce caking.

What documents should be requested when purchasing Amorphous Silica?

Depending on the application, the TDS, SDS and COA are the key documents. Additional compliance documents may be required for food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other regulated applications.

Which technical specifications are important when purchasing Amorphous Silica?

BET surface area, particle size, oil absorption, bulk density, moisture, pH, pore volume, surface modification, SiO₂ purity and dispersion properties can be important depending on the intended application.

What does Amorphous Silica look like?

Amorphous Silica is most commonly supplied as a white or off-white fine powder. Silica Gel can be supplied in granular form, while Colloidal Silica is supplied as a liquid dispersion.

What is the molecular weight of Amorphous Silica?

The calculated molecular weight of Silicon Dioxide is approximately 60.08 g/mol.

Is Amorphous Silica crystalline silica?

No. Amorphous Silica is a non-crystalline form of silica. Crystalline silica has a long-range ordered structure, while amorphous silica does not have this regular crystal structure.

AMORPHOUS SILICA – TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Amorphous Silica, known as Amorf Silika in Turkish, is a form of Silicon Dioxide with SiO₂ as its basic chemical composition and without a crystalline long-range structure. It can be searched under different names such as Silica, Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous Silicon Dioxide, Non-Crystalline Silica and Silica Powder. PubChem lists the molecular formula of Silica as SiO₂ and its molecular weight as approximately 60.084 g/mol, while explaining that amorphous and crystalline silica forms have different atomic arrangements.

Amorphous Silica is not a single commercial product type. Fumed Silica, Pyrogenic Silica, Precipitated Silica, Silica Gel and Colloidal Silica can represent synthetic or specialty forms of amorphous silica. Although these products are all based on SiO₂, their production methods, particle sizes, surface areas, pore structures and technical performance can differ.

CAS No. 7631-86-9 and EC No. 231-545-4 are used for the general Silicon Dioxide record. However, different records such as CAS 112945-52-5 and CAS 112926-00-8 may be associated with specific forms of synthetic amorphous silica. Therefore, the exact chemical description and production method should be checked when purchasing the product.

Amorphous Silica can be used for technical functions such as adsorption, rheology modification, thixotropy, anti-settling, anti-caking, flow control, matting, carrier applications and rubber reinforcement. Its performance depends on factors such as BET surface area, particle size, pore structure, oil absorption, bulk density, surface chemistry, surface modification and dosage.

Amorphous Silica can be used in paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, sealants, silicones, rubber, plastics, cosmetics, personal care, food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, detergent and various industrial applications. Selecting the appropriate form of Amorphous Silica is important for final product performance.

Companies planning to source Amorphous Silica from Ataman Kimya are advised to share their application, required Silica type, BET surface area, particle properties, quality standard, quantity and technical documentation requirements to confirm current product availability, stock, origin, packaging and quotation details.