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Anionic surfactants are surface-active materials whose hydrophilic head group carries a negative charge in aqueous solution.
They are extensively used for detergency, wetting, foaming, emulsification, dispersion and soil suspension in personal care, household cleaning and industrial formulations.
The family includes soaps, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, olefin sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, isethionates, taurates, sarcosinates, glutamates, ether carboxylates and phosphate esters.
Product selection is based on the anionic class, hydrophobic-chain distribution, counterion, active matter, physical form, hard-water tolerance, foam profile, mildness and processing conditions.
CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND COMMON NAMES
Anionic surfactants contain a hydrophobic alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or fatty-acyl group attached to a negatively charged hydrophilic group.
The hydrophobic portion adsorbs at oily soils, air-water interfaces and solid surfaces, while the ionic head group remains hydrated in the aqueous phase.
This structure lowers surface and interfacial tension and enables the formation of negatively charged micelles.
The principal anionic head groups are carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate and phosphate.
Sulfonates contain a direct carbon-sulfur bond and generally have stronger hydrolytic stability than sulfate esters.
Sulfate esters contain a carbon-oxygen-sulfur linkage and can hydrolyse under prolonged exposure to strongly acidic and high-temperature conditions.
Sulfate-free terminology normally refers to formulations without alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates.
Sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, isethionates and taurates contain sulfur but remain chemically distinct from sulfate surfactants.
A sulfate-free claim therefore does not mean that the formulation contains no sulfur-bearing ingredients.
Common anionic surfactant counterions include sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and selected alkanolammonium ions.
Sodium salts are widely used in detergents and personal care, while potassium and ammonium salts can provide greater water solubility or different physical properties.
The counterion affects solubility, viscosity, crystallisation, Krafft temperature and compatibility without changing the fundamental anionic function.
Synonyms and Common Names: Anionics, anionic surface-active agents, anionic tensides, anionic detergents, negatively charged surfactants, anionic wetting agents
TECHNICAL IDENTIFICATION
Chemical Type: Family of negatively charged surface-active materials
CAS Number: No single CAS number applies to the complete family
EC / EINECS Number: No single EC or EINECS number applies to the complete family
Molecular Formula: No single molecular formula applies to the complete family
Molar Mass: No single molar mass applies to the complete family
Typical Hydrophobic Group: C8–C22 alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or fatty-acyl group
Typical Anionic Group: Carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate
Common Counterions: Sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and alkanolammonium
Commercial Composition: Active surfactant with water, inorganic salt, unsulfonated or unsulfated matter and minor process-related components
Representative Identifier for Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: CAS 151-21-3, EC 205-788-1
Representative Identifier for Sodium C10-13 Alkylbenzenesulfonate: CAS 68411-30-3, EC 270-115-0
Representative Identifier for Sodium Laureth Sulfate: CAS 68891-38-3
Representative Identifier for Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate: CAS 68439-57-6
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Commercial Appearance: Clear liquid, viscous liquid, paste, slurry, flakes, needles, granules or powder according to chemistry and concentration
Colour: Colourless to pale yellow for refined personal-care grades and pale yellow to brown for some industrial or high-active grades
Odour: Mild characteristic odour
Ionic Character: Negatively charged in aqueous solution above the ionisation range of the acidic head group
Typical Hydrophobic Chain: Predominantly C10–C18 for major detergent and personal-care grades
Active Matter: Approximately 20–96% across common commercial liquids, pastes, powders and acid forms
Water Solubility: Good for many sodium, potassium and ammonium salts, subject to chain length, counterion, temperature and electrolyte concentration
Surface Activity: Strong reduction of surface and interfacial tension
Micelle Formation: Negatively charged micelles form above the structure-specific critical micelle concentration
Foaming Behaviour: Generally moderate to high, with class-specific low-foam grades available
Detergency: Strong removal and suspension of particulate and oily soils
Wetting: Rapid wetting is provided by short-chain sulfosuccinates, selected sulfates, sulfonates and phosphate esters
Hard-Water Tolerance: Poor for soaps, moderate for some alkyl sulfates and LAS, and good for many ether sulfates, olefin sulfonates, taurates and ether carboxylates
Electrolyte Response: Salt can reduce head-group repulsion, lower the critical micelle concentration and change micelle size and viscosity
Acid Stability: Strong for sulfonates and taurates and more limited for sulfate esters during prolonged acidic heating
Alkali Stability: Good for many sulfates and sulfonates, with class-specific limits for ester- or amide-containing materials
Krafft Behaviour: Solubility can decrease sharply below the class-specific Krafft temperature
Volatility: Low for active anionic surfactants
Biodegradation Profile: Many major linear-chain anionic surfactants undergo ready aerobic biodegradation
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Anionic surfactants orient at interfaces with the hydrophobic group directed toward oil, soil or air and the charged head group directed toward water.
This arrangement reduces the energy required to wet surfaces, detach soils, emulsify oils and create foam.
Negatively charged micelles incorporate hydrophobic soils into their interiors and maintain dispersion through electrostatic repulsion.
Adsorbed anionic layers can also give particles and droplets a negative surface charge, helping prevent agglomeration and redeposition.
These effects explain the strong cleaning and soil-suspension performance of anionic detergent systems.
Increasing hydrophobic-chain length generally strengthens adsorption and lowers the critical micelle concentration, but it can also reduce cold-water solubility and raise the Krafft temperature.
Branching, unsaturation, ethoxylation and larger head groups modify packing, foam, solubility and interfacial performance.
Alkyl ether sulfates contain ethylene oxide units between the hydrophobe and sulfate group.
Ethoxylation normally improves water solubility, hard-water tolerance and formulation mildness compared with the corresponding non-ethoxylated alkyl sulfate.
The average degree of ethoxylation also affects viscosity response, foam texture and compatibility with oils and fragrances.
Sulfonates such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates and secondary alkane sulfonates provide strong detergency and hydrolytic stability.
Their performance makes them important in laundry, dishwashing and industrial cleaning formulations.
Anionic surfactants are generally compatible with nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
These combinations can improve detergency, mildness, foam quality, solubilisation, hard-water performance and viscosity.
Strongly cationic surfactants and polymers can form neutral complexes or precipitates with anionics when charge ratios and formulation conditions favour association.
Electrolyte addition can transform spherical micelles into elongated structures and increase viscosity in selected liquid systems.
Further salt addition beyond the rheological maximum causes thinning, haze or phase separation.
The complete salt curve must include the electrolytes already present in the surfactant raw materials.
PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL FORM
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates are produced by sulfonating linear alkylbenzene and neutralising the resulting alkylbenzene sulfonic acid.
The sodium salt is widely used in laundry detergents, while the high-active acid form is supplied for local neutralisation in detergent and cleaning-product manufacture.
Alkyl sulfates are manufactured by sulfating fatty alcohols and neutralising the acidic sulfate ester with the required base.
Fatty alcohol source and chain distribution determine solubility, foam, detergency and low-temperature behaviour.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is available as an aqueous solution, paste, flakes, needles, granules and powder.
Alkyl ether sulfates are produced by ethoxylating fatty alcohols, sulfating the resulting alcohol ethoxylate and neutralising the sulfate ester.
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is commonly supplied as an approximately 27–30% active liquid or a 68–72% active viscous paste.
Ammonium and alkanolamine salts are available for specialised personal-care and industrial formulations.
Alpha-olefin sulfonates are manufactured by reacting linear alpha-olefins with sulfur trioxide followed by neutralisation and hydrolysis.
Commercial alpha-olefin sulfonate contains a controlled mixture of alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates.
Common forms include approximately 35–40% active liquids, high-active pastes and powders above 90% active matter.
Secondary alkane sulfonates are produced by sulfoxidation or sulfochlorination of linear paraffins followed by neutralisation.
They provide strong wetting, detergency, cold-water solubility and hard-water performance in liquid cleaning systems.
Methyl ester sulfonates are produced by sulfonating fatty-acid methyl esters, followed by controlled digestion, bleaching and neutralisation.
They are commonly supplied as powders, granules, flakes or concentrated pastes for laundry detergents.
Fatty-chain distribution, disalt content, free methyl ester and low-temperature solubility are central quality parameters.
Sulfosuccinates are prepared by esterifying maleic anhydride with a suitable alcohol or ethoxylated alcohol and adding bisulfite across the double bond.
Monoester sulfosuccinates are widely used as mild cleansers, while diester sulfosuccinates provide rapid wetting, emulsification and penetration.
Isethionates are produced through the reaction of fatty acids or fatty-acid derivatives with sodium isethionate.
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate and related grades are supplied as powders, granules, flakes or noodles for syndet bars, solid cleansers and mild liquid systems.
Taurates are produced by acylating taurine or N-methyltaurine derivatives with fatty-acid reactants.
They provide creamy foam, hydrolytic stability, hard-water performance and mild cleansing in facial, baby, hair and oral-care products.
Sarcosinates and glutamates are produced by acylating sarcosine or glutamic acid derivatives and neutralising the resulting materials.
They are used in mild personal cleansing, oral care and speciality formulations requiring good foam and a refined after-feel.
Soaps are produced by saponifying fats and oils or neutralising purified fatty acids.
Sodium soaps provide firm solid bars, while potassium soaps provide softer or liquid products.
Their carboxylate head groups form insoluble salts with calcium and magnesium, making hard-water performance a central formulation consideration.
APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIES
Laundry detergents
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, secondary alkane sulfonates and methyl ester sulfonates are important primary detergents in powder, tablet, bar and liquid laundry products.
They detach oily and particulate soils, disperse removed dirt and reduce redeposition on fibres.
Builders, water softeners, polymers and nonionic surfactants are commonly combined with anionics to improve performance across water hardness, temperature and soil conditions.
Manual dishwashing
Alkyl ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates provide grease removal and sustained foam in manual dishwashing liquids.
Amphoteric cosurfactants can improve foam creaminess, viscosity and hand mildness.
Electrolyte, hydrotrope and solvent levels are balanced to maintain clarity and pouring behaviour in concentrated products.
Automatic dishwashing
Low-foam anionic surfactants can contribute wetting, soil dispersion and scale control in automatic dishwashing formulations.
Foam profile is critical because excessive foam can interfere with spray-arm operation and mechanical cleaning.
Short-chain phosphate esters, ether carboxylates and formulated low-foam blends are used where controlled interfacial activity is required.
Hair cleansing
Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate and mild speciality anionics are used in shampoos and scalp cleansers.
They provide cleansing, flash foam and oil removal from hair and scalp.
Amphoteric and nonionic cosurfactants can moderate irritation, refine foam and improve rheology.
Skin cleansing and bath products
Anionic surfactants are used in body washes, shower gels, hand cleansers, bubble baths, shaving products and liquid soaps.
Ether sulfates provide efficient cleansing and convenient viscosity development.
Sulfosuccinates, isethionates, taurates, sarcosinates and glutamates are selected for milder cleansing systems and improved skin feel.
Facial and baby care
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate and related fatty-acyl amino-acid surfactants are used in mild facial and baby cleansers.
They generate fine or creamy foam while limiting excessive removal of skin lipids and proteins.
Low colour, low odour, controlled impurities and microbiological quality are particularly important for these applications.
Syndet and cleansing bars
Isethionates, taurates, sarcosinates and selected alkyl sulfates are used in synthetic detergent bars and combination soap-syndet bars.
Solid form, particle size, active matter, melting behaviour and processing plasticity determine bar extrusion, stamping and finished-product texture.
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is widely selected for mild syndet bars because it combines cleansing, dense lather and reduced interaction with skin proteins.
Oral care
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, taurates and selected mild anionics function as wetting, foaming and cleansing agents in toothpaste and oral-care products.
Oral-care grades require controlled taste, odour, colour, microbiological quality and residual process components.
The selected surfactant must remain compatible with abrasives, fluoride systems, flavours, thickeners and active ingredients.
Soap and traditional cleansing
Sodium salts of fatty acids provide cleansing, foam and bar structure in toilet soap, laundry soap and multipurpose soap products.
Potassium soaps are used in liquid soaps, shaving products and softer cleansing bases.
Hard-water minerals produce insoluble lime soap, so chelating agents, dispersants or synthetic cosurfactants are used where mineral tolerance is required.
Household and institutional cleaning
Anionic surfactants provide wetting, detergency, emulsification and soil suspension in multipurpose cleaners, kitchen cleaners, bathroom products, floor cleaners and institutional detergents.
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and ether sulfates provide high detergency, while secondary alkane sulfonates and alpha-olefin sulfonates offer strong performance in hard water.
Hydrotropes and nonionic surfactants help maintain uniformity in concentrated systems.
Heavy-duty industrial cleaning
Alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, phosphate esters and ether carboxylates are used in degreasers, vehicle cleaners, process cleaners and alkaline detergent systems.
They improve wetting and soil penetration on metal, ceramic, plastic and coated surfaces.
Foam level, electrolyte tolerance, substrate compatibility and rinsability determine the appropriate grade.
Textile processing
Anionic surfactants function as rapid wetters, scouring agents, detergents, emulsifiers, dye dispersants, levelling agents and lubricants in textile operations.
They support desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerising, dyeing, printing and wet finishing.
Calcium sensitivity, foaming and incompatibility with cationic dyes or auxiliaries must be controlled through grade and process selection.
Leather processing
Anionic surfactants are used for wetting, degreasing, emulsification and dispersion during soaking, liming, tanning, dyeing and fatliquoring.
Sulfates, sulfonates and sulfosuccinates help distribute oils and process chemicals through the hide structure.
Low-foam and electrolyte-tolerant grades support efficient drum processing and rinsing.
Emulsion polymerisation and coatings
Anionic surfactants stabilise monomer droplets, growing polymer particles and finished latex dispersions during emulsion polymerisation.
Alkyl sulfates, sulfonates, sulfosuccinates and phosphate esters provide nucleation control, particle stabilisation and manageable coagulum levels.
In paints, inks and coatings, they function as wetting agents, pigment dispersants, emulsifiers and conductivity modifiers.
Agricultural formulations
Anionic surfactants function as wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants and compatibility aids in suspension concentrates, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates and water-dispersible granules.
Sulfosuccinates provide rapid leaf and particle wetting, while lignosulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate condensates and phosphate esters support dispersion and suspension stability.
Crop, active ingredient, spray-water hardness and application method determine the appropriate surfactant system.
Oilfield and enhanced oil recovery
Anionic sulfonates, ether sulfates and specialised petroleum or olefin sulfonates are used to reduce oil-water interfacial tension, alter wettability and mobilise residual oil.
They also function in drilling, well cleaning, stimulation, emulsion control and foam generation.
Reservoir salinity, divalent ions, temperature, rock mineralogy, adsorption and crude-oil composition govern grade selection.
Metalworking and lubricants
Phosphate esters, ether carboxylates, sulfonates and selected sulfosuccinates act as emulsifiers, wetting agents, lubricity contributors and corrosion-control components in water-dilutable metalworking fluids.
Ether carboxylates provide strong hard-water tolerance and lime-soap dispersion in semi-synthetic, synthetic and milky emulsions.
Foam profile, metal compatibility, acid value, counterion and emulsion stability are important procurement parameters.
Mineral processing
Fatty-acid soaps, alkyl sulfates, sulfonates and other anionic collectors are used in flotation processes for selected oxide, carbonate, phosphate and salt minerals.
The anionic head group interacts with positively charged or chemically active sites on mineral surfaces, while the hydrophobic chain promotes attachment to air bubbles.
Mineral surface chemistry, pH, dissolved ions and competing gangue determine recovery and selectivity.
Construction materials
Anionic surfactants are used as air-entraining agents, wetting agents and dispersion aids in cementitious formulations.
Controlled adsorption and surface-tension reduction generate fine air bubbles that can improve resistance to freeze-thaw cycling.
Cement composition, sulfate form, admixture chemistry and mixing energy influence the resulting air-void structure.
Firefighting and foam systems
Selected anionic hydrocarbon surfactants contribute rapid foam generation, spreading and drainage control in firefighting foam concentrates.
They are combined with solvents, stabilisers, corrosion inhibitors and other surfactant classes to create the required foam structure.
Finished foam performance is governed by the fuel type, expansion ratio, application equipment and applicable fire-performance standard.
Pharmaceutical and laboratory applications
High-purity Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is used as a wetting, solubilising and processing aid in selected pharmaceutical formulations.
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate is used as a rapid wetting agent and has specialised pharmaceutical applications.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is also used in protein denaturation, electrophoresis, membrane disruption and laboratory cleaning.
GRADE SELECTION AND PRODUCT SUITABILITY
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate provides strong, cost-effective detergency for laundry, dishwashing and industrial cleaning.
The acid form is selected for controlled in-process neutralisation, while sodium salts are used for direct incorporation into liquids, slurries and powders.
Alkyl sulfates provide strong foam, detergency and rapid wetting.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is suitable for powders, bars, oral care and high-foam liquid formulations where its solubility and irritation profile are compatible with the finished system.
Alkyl ether sulfates provide high foam, good solubility, hard-water tolerance and convenient salt thickening.
The average ethoxylation level, active matter, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and 1,4-dioxane limit are important grade-selection parameters.
Alpha-olefin sulfonates combine detergency, flash foam, hard-water tolerance and broad pH performance.
Liquid grades suit personal care and liquid detergents, while high-active powders and pastes support compact laundry and solid cleansing products.
Secondary alkane sulfonates provide good low-temperature solubility, wetting and hard-water performance in liquid detergents and cleaners.
They are useful where a stable sulfonate is preferred over an ether sulfate.
Methyl ester sulfonates provide strong detergency and a high renewable-carbon contribution when manufactured from vegetable-derived fatty esters.
C16 and C18 distributions, disalt, free methyl ester, moisture, colour and cold-water solubility determine laundry performance.
Sulfosuccinates are selected for mild cleansing or rapid wetting according to whether the product is a monoester or diester.
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate grades provide exceptional dynamic wetting, while laureth and fatty-amide sulfosuccinates support mild personal-care formulations.
Isethionates provide dense creamy foam and mild cleansing in syndet bars, facial cleansers and solid shampoos.
Particle size, active matter, free fatty acid, sodium isethionate, moisture and physical form affect processing and finished-product texture.
Taurates provide creamy foam, hard-water performance and hydrolytic stability across a broad formulation pH range.
They are selected for premium facial, baby, hair and oral-care products.
Sarcosinates and glutamates provide mild cleansing, foam and refined skin feel.
They are useful in sulfate-free products and systems formulated near the natural pH range of skin.
Ether carboxylates and phosphate esters provide emulsification, hard-water tolerance, low-foam options and metal-surface functionality.
They are selected for metalworking, industrial cleaning, agrochemicals and specialised process formulations.
FORMULATION AND PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS
Anionic surfactant dosage should be calculated on active matter rather than supplied weight.
Changing from a dilute liquid to a high-active paste or powder alters water, salt, rheology and processing requirements.
Low-active liquids can normally be added directly to the aqueous phase with moderate agitation.
High-active pastes may require controlled warming, dilution or recirculation before transfer.
Powders, flakes and needles should be added gradually to prevent lumping, dust and excessive foam.
Salt-thickened ether-sulfate systems should be completed before final electrolyte adjustment.
Fragrance, amphoteric surfactant, nonionic surfactant, polymers, solvents and preservatives can shift the salt curve.
Sodium chloride is therefore added incrementally after the main formulation has reached its final composition and pH.
Strongly cationic surfactants and polymers can form complexes with anionic surfactants.
Controlled ratios may support deposition in personal-care systems, while near-stoichiometric charge neutralisation can cause haze, precipitation or loss of performance.
Hard-water ions can precipitate soaps and reduce the solubility of selected sulfate and sulfonate surfactants.
Builders, chelating agents, lime-soap dispersants, nonionic cosurfactants and more tolerant anionic classes can maintain performance.
The formulation temperature must remain above the relevant Krafft or dissolution temperature during incorporation.
Cold-storage testing identifies crystallisation, haze and phase-separation risks in long-chain ionic surfactant systems.
Acid forms such as Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid generate heat during neutralisation.
The acid is added through controlled dosing to a well-agitated alkaline aqueous phase with adequate cooling and corrosion-resistant equipment.
Localised excess acid or alkali is avoided to protect colour and product quality.
SAFETY AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS
Hazard classification applies to the exact anionic surfactant chemistry, concentration, pH and physical form.
Concentrated liquids and pastes can cause serious eye irritation or eye damage.
Prolonged skin contact can cause irritation and removal of protective skin lipids.
Powdered anionic surfactants can irritate the respiratory tract when dust is generated.
Enclosed charging, local extraction and suitable respiratory protection control exposure during powder handling.
High-active sulfonic acid grades are corrosive and can cause severe skin and eye burns.
Neutralisation with alkali is exothermic and requires controlled addition, agitation and cooling.
Anionic surfactant spills make floors extremely slippery and can generate persistent foam during cleanup.
Bulk spills should be contained and recovered before controlled washing of the affected surface.
Major linear-chain anionic detergent surfactants are effectively removed in biological wastewater treatment through biodegradation and adsorption.
Concentrated release can still cause aquatic toxicity, oxygen demand and disruptive foaming.
The material should not enter surface water, soil or untreated drains.
Anionic surfactants used in detergents must meet applicable biodegradability, ingredient disclosure and labelling requirements.
Cosmetic, oral-care, pharmaceutical and food-contact applications require an application-appropriate grade and regulatory status.
Surfactant activity alone does not establish disinfectant or biocidal performance.
FIRST AID
Inhalation: Move the affected person to fresh air and keep the person comfortable for breathing.
Inhalation: Obtain medical attention if coughing, respiratory irritation or breathing difficulty continues.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin thoroughly with water.
Skin Contact: Obtain medical attention if irritation or signs of a chemical burn develop.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with clean water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Eye Contact: Remove contact lenses when easy to do and continue rinsing.
Eye Contact: Obtain prompt medical attention after exposure to a concentrated or acidic product.
Ingestion: Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting.
Ingestion: Obtain medical advice and provide the exact product identity.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Wear suitable gloves, eye protection and protective clothing when handling concentrated anionic surfactants.
Use local ventilation where dust, mist or aerosols can be generated.
Store neutral liquid grades in tightly closed compatible containers in a dry and ventilated area.
Protect aqueous products from freezing, direct sunlight and prolonged excessive heat.
Many common liquid and paste grades are handled effectively within approximately 10–35°C.
High-active ether-sulfate pastes can become extremely viscous or gel during cold storage.
Controlled warming and recirculation restore pumpable consistency.
Avoid localised overheating and prolonged high-temperature storage.
Store powders in a dry area and protect them from moisture and contamination.
Reseal partially used packaging promptly to prevent caking and changes in flow behaviour.
Store sulfonic acid grades in corrosion-resistant tanks and transfer systems.
Keep acids separated from alkalis, reactive metals, strong oxidising agents and incompatible materials.
Provide temperature monitoring and controlled ventilation for bulk storage.
Use moderate mixing and avoid free-fall transfer to limit foam generation.
Ensure that tanks provide sufficient headspace for mixing, dilution and neutralisation.
PACKAGING AND PROCUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Anionic surfactants are supplied in plastic or lined drums, intermediate bulk containers, bags, lined sacks, big bags and bulk tankers according to physical form and concentration.
High-active pastes may require heated or insulated transfer systems, while powders require dust-controlled unloading and dry storage.
A procurement request should state the precise chemical or INCI name, counterion, active matter, physical form, chain distribution, pH, salt limits, colour, intended application and packaging requirement.
Ethoxylated grades should include the required average ethoxylation level and trace 1,4-dioxane limit.
Personal-care grades should include odour, colour, microbiological and impurity requirements.
Laundry and industrial grades should specify hard-water conditions, foam profile, temperature, electrolyte concentration and soil type.
Ataman Kimya can assist with the selection of Anionic Surfactants according to chemical class, active matter, application, formulation conditions, documentation, packaging and supply requirements.
For product and procurement information, contact Ataman Kimya at +90 216 577 10 10 or info@atamankimya.com.
