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ARADUR 2973 is manufactured by Huntsman Advanced Materials as part of the ARADUR family of epoxy hardeners.
ARADUR 2973 functions as a curing agent for two-component epoxy systems and is formulated primarily for ambient-temperature curing applications.
ARADUR 2973 modified aliphatic amine chemistry provides an alternative to traditional aromatic amine curing agents while maintaining high-performance characteristics.
CAS Number: 100-51-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O
Molecular Weight: 108.14
EINECS Number: 202-859-9
Synonyms: benzyl alcohol, phenylmethanol, benzenemethanol, 100-51-6, phenylcarbinol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Toluenol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Phenolcarbinol, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Alcool benzylique, Benzal alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, benzylic alcohol, Benzylicum, hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinolum, Ulesfia, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcohol bencilico, alcoholum benzylicum, FEMA No. 2137, NCI-C06111, Alcool benzilico, DTXSID5020152, Alcohol,benzyl, Alcohol benzylicus, BENZYL ALCOHOL (TECH), BENZYLALCOHOL,NF, BENZYLALCOHOL,REAGENT,ACS(BULK;BENZYLALCOHOL(SG), bentanol;BENZYLALKOHOL 99+%, A.C.S. REAGENZ;BENZYL ALCOHOL 98+% NATURAL, BENZYL ALCOHOL, PH EUR
ARADUR 2973 is also known as benzyl alcohol.
ARADUR 2973s chemical formula is C6H5CH2OH and its density is 1.045 g/mL at 25 ° C (lit).
ARADUR 2973 is one of the simplest fatty alcohol containing phenyl.
ARADUR 2973 can be seen as benzene substituted by hydroxymethyl, or methyl alcohol substituted by phenyl.
ARADUR 2973 is a colorless transparent sticky liquid with faint aroma.
Sometimes benzyl alcohol is placed for a long time, it will smells like bitter almond flavor because of oxidation.
Polarity, low toxicity and low steam, so it is used as alcohol solvent.
ARADUR 2973 is combustible, and slightly soluble in water (about 25ml of water soluble 1 gram of benzyl alcohol).
ARADUR 2973 is miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents.
ARADUR 2973 is a modified aliphatic/cycloaliphatic amine-based epoxy curing agent developed for use with liquid epoxy resin systems.
ARADUR 2973 reacts chemically with epoxy resins to form highly crosslinked thermoset polymer networks.
The cured epoxy materials exhibit excellent chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical performance, and flexibility.
ARADUR 2973 functions as a reactive hardener rather than a non-reactive additive in epoxy formulations.
ARADUR 2973s active amine groups react directly with epoxy groups through ring-opening polymerization reactions.
This produces permanent covalent bonds that convert liquid epoxy resin into a rigid thermoset material.
ARADUR 2973 participates in epoxy–amine crosslinking reactions during curing.
Each reactive amine group opens epoxy rings and connects neighboring resin molecules into a continuous three-dimensional network.
The resulting structure provides the cured material with its strength, rigidity, and long-term durability.
ARADUR 2973 is characterized by relatively low viscosity compared with many conventional amine hardeners.
The lower viscosity improves resin flow, mixing efficiency, filler incorporation, and application properties during processing.
This facilitates the preparation of solvent-free and high-solids epoxy formulations.
ARADUR 2973 is designed for ambient-temperature curing while also allowing curing at moderately elevated temperatures when required.
ARADUR 2973s curing behavior depends on resin chemistry, formulation ratio, temperature, humidity, and processing conditions.
Proper curing conditions help achieve complete polymer network formation.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to excellent chemical resistance after curing.
The dense crosslinked polymer network reduces penetration of many aggressive chemicals into the epoxy structure.
This significantly improves the durability of cured epoxy systems operating in chemically demanding environments.
ARADUR 2973 provides excellent corrosion protection by forming dense, strongly adhered epoxy networks.
The cured polymer acts as a protective barrier that limits moisture and corrosive substance penetration toward underlying substrates.
This improves long-term material protection under severe environmental conditions.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to improved flexibility compared with many aromatic amine curing agents.
The modified molecular structure allows the cured epoxy to absorb mechanical stresses more effectively without excessive brittleness.
ARADUR 2973 improves resistance to cracking under service conditions.
ARADUR 2973 provides good color stability during and after curing.
The curing chemistry minimizes discoloration that commonly occurs with certain conventional hardeners.
ARADUR 2973 helps maintain the appearance of finished epoxy systems.
ARADUR 2973 influences the crosslink density of epoxy systems.
The degree of crosslinking determines important material properties including hardness, flexibility, chemical resistance, and thermal stability.
Proper formulation produces a balanced combination of these characteristics.
ARADUR 2973 affects the thermal behavior of cured epoxy materials by controlling polymer network architecture.
The crosslinked structure influences glass transition temperature, dimensional stability, and heat resistance.
The final thermal properties depend on the complete resin–hardener formulation.
ARADUR 2973 undergoes an exothermic curing reaction when mixed with epoxy resin.
Heat is released as new covalent bonds are formed during polymerization.
Large-volume mixtures require proper temperature management to avoid excessive heat generation.
ARADUR 2973 requires accurate resin-to-hardener mixing ratios for optimum curing performance.
Incorrect formulation may leave unreacted epoxy or amine groups within the cured material.
This can reduce mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and long-term durability.
ARADUR 2973 can be formulated with various bisphenol A- and bisphenol F-based liquid epoxy resins to tailor final material performance.
Adjustments in resin chemistry, fillers, pigments, and additives allow modification of viscosity, flexibility, strength, and chemical resistance.
ARADUR 2973 requires proper storage because moisture, contamination, and unsuitable temperatures may affect its curing performance.
Keeping the material in tightly sealed original containers helps maintain product stability and consistent reactivity.
ARADUR 2973 is an advanced epoxy curing agent designed to produce durable, chemically resistant, corrosion-resistant thermoset materials with excellent mechanical performance and processing characteristics.
ARADUR 2973s modified aliphatic amine chemistry enables efficient ambient-temperature curing while providing improved flexibility, low viscosity, and excellent protective properties.
This makes ARADUR 2973 an important hardener in modern high-performance epoxy resin technology.
ARADUR 2973 exhibits high reactivity toward epoxy functional groups, enabling efficient polymer network formation during curing.
The reactive amine groups initiate epoxy ring-opening reactions that continue until a highly crosslinked thermoset structure is formed.
The completeness of this reaction strongly influences the final performance of the cured material.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to homogeneous crosslink formation throughout the epoxy matrix.
Uniform distribution of reactive sites promotes consistent polymerization and minimizes variations in network density.
This results in more uniform mechanical and thermal properties across the cured material.
ARADUR 2973 affects the molecular packing of cured epoxy systems by controlling the arrangement of polymer chains.
A well-organized crosslinked network reduces free volume and increases structural integrity.
This contributes to improved dimensional stability and resistance to external stresses.
ARADUR 2973 influences the fracture behavior of epoxy materials by modifying the balance between stiffness and flexibility.
The cured polymer network is capable of distributing mechanical energy throughout the structure before fracture occurs.
This improves the overall reliability of thermoset materials subjected to mechanical loading.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to high cohesive strength within cured epoxy systems.
Strong covalent bonding between polymer chains increases internal structural integrity after curing.
This enhances the material's ability to withstand tensile, compressive, and shear stresses.
ARADUR 2973 affects residual stress development during epoxy curing.
The curing reaction involves polymerization and slight volumetric shrinkage as the network forms.
Carefully controlled curing conditions help reduce internal stresses and improve long-term material performance.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to improved compatibility with mineral fillers and reinforcing fibers.
The curing reaction forms a continuous polymer matrix that surrounds dispersed particles and reinforcing materials.
This improves interfacial bonding and overall composite integrity.
ARADUR 2973 influences cure uniformity throughout thick epoxy sections.
Proper formulation and temperature control allow the curing reaction to proceed consistently from the surface to the interior of the material.
Uniform curing minimizes property variations within the finished component.
ARADUR 2973 affects post-curing behavior because additional crosslinking reactions may continue after the initial cure under elevated temperatures.
Melting point: -15 °C
Boiling point: 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 13.3 mm Hg ( 100 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.539(lit.)
FEMA: 2137 | BENZYL ALCOHOL
FLAVIS Number: 02.010 | Benzyl alcohol
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +25°C.
solubility: H2O: 33 mg/mL, clear, colorless
pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
ARADUR 2973 is a high-performance epoxy curing agent that plays an important role in determining the final structure of cured epoxy materials.
ARADUR 2973s modified amine chemistry governs the formation of covalent bonds between epoxy molecules during polymerization.
The resulting network controls the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the final thermoset polymer.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to the formation of a highly interconnected three-dimensional polymer network during curing.
As the epoxy and amine groups react, individual resin molecules become permanently linked through crosslinking reactions.
This irreversible network provides the cured epoxy with excellent structural stability and long service life.
ARADUR 2973 becomes chemically incorporated into the cured epoxy network rather than remaining as a separate component.
The curing agent reacts completely with the epoxy resin during polymerization and forms part of the final thermoset structure.
This chemical integration contributes to the long-term durability of the material.
ARADUR 2973 influences polymer network architecture by controlling crosslink density and molecular arrangement.
The number and distribution of crosslinks determine the balance between rigidity, toughness, flexibility, and dimensional stability.
The final characteristics depend on the resin type, formulation ratio, and curing conditions.
ARADUR 2973 provides controlled curing kinetics that support uniform polymer network development.
The reaction rate influences working time, gelation, curing efficiency, and final material performance.
Proper curing conditions help achieve homogeneous network formation throughout the epoxy system.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to improved toughness by reducing the tendency of highly crosslinked epoxy systems to become excessively brittle.
ARADUR 2973 modified molecular structure allows the cured network to absorb mechanical stresses more effectively.
This improves resistance to crack initiation and crack propagation under service conditions.
ARADUR 2973 influences the viscoelastic properties of cured epoxy materials.
The molecular structure of the cured network determines how the material responds to mechanical loading over time.
ARADUR 2973 affects stiffness, elastic recovery, and long-term dimensional stability.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to improved fatigue resistance by maintaining the integrity of the polymer network during repeated loading cycles.
The interconnected molecular structure distributes mechanical stress throughout the cured material.
This improves durability under cyclic mechanical conditions.
ARADUR 2973 affects creep resistance because the crosslinked thermoset structure limits long-term molecular movement under continuous stress.
Reduced chain mobility minimizes permanent deformation over extended service periods.
This characteristic contributes to dimensional stability during long-term use.
ARADUR 2973 influences the glass transition temperature (Tg) by modifying the degree of crosslinking within the cured epoxy network.
The Tg determines the temperature range where polymer chains begin to exhibit increased molecular mobility.
The final Tg depends on curing conditions, formulation composition, and epoxy resin chemistry.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to excellent hydrolytic stability in properly formulated epoxy systems.
The dense polymer network reduces the penetration of water molecules and limits degradation caused by prolonged moisture exposure.
ARADUR 2973 improves long-term environmental durability.
ARADUR 2973 improves resistance to environmental aging by producing chemically stable thermoset structures.
The cured polymer network retains its mechanical and chemical properties during prolonged exposure to temperature changes and environmental conditions.
This contributes to longer service life.
ARADUR 2973 affects the viscosity and processing behavior of uncured epoxy mixtures.
Its relatively low viscosity promotes efficient mixing, filler dispersion, pigment incorporation, and uniform formulation preparation.
This improves manufacturing consistency and application quality.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to smooth surface formation during curing by promoting uniform polymerization throughout the resin system.
Proper network development reduces the likelihood of uneven curing and surface imperfections.
ARADUR 2973 improves the appearance and consistency of cured epoxy materials.
ARADUR 2973 influences adhesion performance through the formation of chemically stable epoxy networks.
The cured polymer develops strong interfacial interactions with properly prepared substrates.
Good adhesion depends on substrate preparation, formulation design, and complete curing.
ARADUR 2973 can be combined with reactive diluents, mineral fillers, reinforcing fibers, pigments, and functional additives.
These formulation components allow adjustment of viscosity, mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal conductivity, and processing characteristics.
The curing agent remains the primary component controlling polymer network formation.
ARADUR 2973 requires precise stoichiometric formulation because the ratio between epoxy groups and reactive amine groups determines curing completeness.
Incorrect proportions may leave residual unreacted functional groups within the cured material.
This can reduce strength, chemical resistance, and long-term performance.
ARADUR 2973 requires protection from moisture during storage because absorbed moisture may interfere with curing reactions and affect final material quality.
Proper storage in sealed containers helps maintain chemical stability and predictable curing behavior.
ARADUR 2973 supports consistent processing performance.
ARADUR 2973 is widely recognized as a curing agent capable of producing epoxy systems with a balanced combination of mechanical strength, flexibility, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, and processing efficiency.
Its modified amine chemistry provides reliable curing while allowing the development of durable thermoset polymer networks.
ARADUR 2973 an important component in advanced epoxy resin formulations.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to stable network formation over a wide range of formulation compositions.
Its reactive chemistry is compatible with numerous liquid epoxy resin systems and formulation additives.
This allows the development of epoxy materials with tailored performance characteristics.
ARADUR 2973 influences solvent resistance by increasing the crosslink density of the cured polymer.
Highly crosslinked epoxy networks reduce the diffusion of many organic liquids into the material.
This improves the stability of the cured resin when exposed to aggressive chemical environments.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to improved barrier performance in cured epoxy systems.
The dense thermoset network reduces permeability to moisture, gases, and many dissolved substances.
This characteristic improves the long-term protective performance of epoxy materials.
ARADUR 2973 affects dielectric behavior because the cured epoxy network forms an electrically insulating polymer structure.
The stable molecular architecture provides consistent electrical insulation under normal operating conditions.
The final dielectric properties depend on the complete resin formulation and incorporated additives.
ARADUR 2973 contributes to the production of solvent-free epoxy formulations.
Its processing characteristics allow formulation of high-solids systems while maintaining suitable handling properties.
This supports the development of epoxy materials with reduced volatile organic compound (VOC) content.
ARADUR 2973 influences pigment and filler dispersion during formulation preparation.
ARADUR 2973s viscosity characteristics facilitate the uniform distribution of solid additives throughout the epoxy mixture.
Homogeneous dispersion contributes to consistent appearance and material performance after curing.
Uses Of ARADUR 2973:
ARADUR 2973 is a colorless clear oily liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor at 100% is described as 'floral rose phenolic balsamic'.
ARADUR 2973 is used in cosmetics as afragrance component, preservative, solvent and diluting agent for perfumes and flavors, and viscosity-decreasing agent.
It is used as a solvent for surface-coating materials, cellulose esters and ethers, alkyd resins,acrylic resins, fats, dyestuffs,casein (when hot), gelatin, shellac and waxes.
ARADUR 2973 is added in small amounts to surface-coating materials to improve their flow and gloss.
In the textile industry, benzyl alcohol is used as anauxiliary in the dyeing of wool, polyamides, and polyesters.
In pharmacy it is used as a local anesthetic ingredient in over-the-counter anorectal, oral healthcare and topical analgesic drug products and, because of its antimicrobial effect, as an ingredient of ointments and other preparations (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
ARADUR 2973 is also a starting material for the preparation of numerous benzyl esters that are used as odorants, flavors, stabilizers for volatile perfumes, and plasticizers and is also employed in the extractive distillation of m- and p-xylenes and m- and p-cresols.
Other uses include or have included heat-sealing of polyethylene films,in color photography as a development accelerator and in microscopy as embedding material (U.S.National Library of Medicine).
ARADUR 2973 is used as a curing agent for liquid epoxy resin systems to produce high-performance thermoset polymers.
It reacts with epoxy resins to form highly crosslinked polymer networks with excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and durability.
ARADUR 2973 an important hardener component in two-component epoxy formulations.
ARADUR 2973 is used in industrial epoxy coating systems where long-term protection and strong adhesion are required.
The cured epoxy network provides resistance against moisture, chemicals, abrasion, and environmental exposure.
This makes it suitable for protective coating applications.
ARADUR 2973 is used in anti-corrosion coatings for steel and other metal substrates.
The cured epoxy forms a dense protective barrier that reduces moisture penetration and protects the underlying surface from corrosive environments.
This makes it suitable for corrosion protection systems.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy primer formulations to improve adhesion between substrates and subsequent coating layers.
The cured primer provides a stable interface with excellent bonding characteristics.
This makes it suitable for multi-layer coating systems.
ARADUR 2973 is used in solvent-free and high-solids epoxy coating formulations.
Its relatively low viscosity supports the preparation of coatings with reduced volatile organic compound (VOC) content while maintaining good processing characteristics.
This makes it suitable for environmentally conscious coating technologies.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy adhesive formulations requiring high bonding strength and long-term durability.
The cured polymer network provides excellent adhesion to metals, composites, concrete, and other engineering materials.
ARADUR 2973 suitable for structural and industrial adhesive systems.
ARADUR 2973 is used in glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites as the curing component of the polymer matrix.
The cured epoxy network provides strong adhesion between the resin and reinforcing fibers.
This improves the mechanical strength and durability of composite materials.
ARADUR 2973 is used in carbon fiber reinforced polymer systems to produce lightweight structural composites.
The epoxy matrix efficiently transfers mechanical loads between carbon fibers while maintaining structural integrity.
This makes it suitable for advanced composite manufacturing.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy laminating systems for manufacturing layered composite structures.
The curing reaction creates strong bonding between successive resin layers and reinforcing materials.
ARADUR 2973 suitable for producing durable laminated composites.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy casting systems for manufacturing rigid molded polymer components.
The cured thermoset structure provides dimensional stability and excellent mechanical performance.
This makes it suitable for producing precision epoxy parts.
ARADUR 2973 is used in industrial epoxy flooring systems where abrasion resistance and chemical durability are required.
The cured epoxy surface withstands heavy mechanical loading and exposure to industrial chemicals.
ARADUR 2973 suitable for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and industrial floors.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy repair compounds for restoring damaged concrete, metal, and composite structures.
The cured epoxy provides strong adhesion and structural reinforcement after hardening.
This makes it suitable for maintenance and repair applications.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy sealants and filling compounds requiring excellent adhesion and environmental resistance.
The cured polymer maintains stability under moisture, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical stress.
This makes it suitable for sealing and gap-filling applications.
ARADUR 2973 is used in tooling and mold-making epoxy systems because it provides excellent dimensional stability after curing.
The cured thermoset maintains its geometry during repeated production cycles.
This makes it suitable for molds, tooling boards, and prototype manufacturing.
ARADUR 2973 is used in electrical encapsulation materials to protect electronic and electrical components.
The cured epoxy provides mechanical support, electrical insulation, and environmental protection.
This makes it suitable for encapsulation and potting applications.
ARADUR 2973 is used in electrical insulation systems requiring stable dielectric properties and mechanical reliability.
The cured polymer network provides long-term insulation performance under normal service conditions.
ARADUR 2973 suitable for electrical engineering applications.
ARADUR 2973 is used in epoxy formulations containing mineral fillers, pigments, and reinforcing additives.
Its curing chemistry supports the formation of homogeneous composite materials with tailored mechanical and thermal properties.
This makes it suitable for customized epoxy formulations.
ARADUR 2973 is used in marine and offshore protective epoxy systems where resistance to moisture, salt spray, and corrosive environments is essential.
The cured epoxy coating forms a durable protective barrier under harsh environmental conditions.
This makes it suitable for marine protection technologies.
ARADUR 2973 is used in industrial maintenance coatings and protective lining systems exposed to aggressive chemical environments.
The highly crosslinked epoxy network provides long-term resistance against chemical attack and mechanical wear.
This makes it suitable for demanding industrial service conditions.
ARADUR 2973 is used in research and development of advanced epoxy resin technologies.
It is evaluated in different resin formulations to investigate curing kinetics, polymer network formation, and final material performance.
This makes it valuable in polymer science and materials engineering research.
ARADUR 2973 is used in high-performance epoxy systems requiring an optimized combination of flexibility, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, adhesion, and mechanical strength.
Its modified aliphatic/cycloaliphatic amine chemistry enables the production of durable thermoset materials with balanced performance characteristics.
ARADUR 2973 a versatile curing agent for advanced epoxy applications.
Safety Profile Of ARADUR 2973:
ARADUR 2973 is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
It is metabolized to benzoic acid, which is further metabolized in the liver by conjugation with glycine to form hippuric acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Ingestion or inhalation of ARADUR 2973 may cause headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
ARADUR 2973 depression and respiratory failure. However, the concentrations of benzyl alcohol normally employed as a preservative are not associated with such adverse effects.
ARADUR 2973 is an amine-based epoxy curing agent that may cause health hazards through skin contact, eye contact, inhalation, or accidental ingestion.
Its reactive amine components can produce irritation, corrosive effects, and sensitization reactions after exposure.
This makes proper handling procedures, ventilation, and personal protective equipment necessary when working with the material.
ARADUR 2973 is hazardous to the skin because direct contact may cause irritation, redness, itching, and allergic skin reactions.
Repeated or prolonged exposure may lead to skin sensitization, where future contact can trigger stronger allergic responses.
ARADUR 2973 makes the use of chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing important during handling.
ARADUR 2973 is hazardous to the eyes because contact may cause severe irritation and potential eye injury.
Exposure may result in burning sensations, redness, tearing, pain, and discomfort.
This makes safety goggles or face protection necessary during mixing, transferring, and application processes.
ARADUR 2973 is hazardous by inhalation because vapors, mists, or aerosols may irritate the respiratory system.
Exposure may cause coughing, throat irritation, breathing discomfort, or respiratory sensitivity in susceptible individuals.
This makes adequate ventilation and appropriate respiratory protection important when required.
