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Azelate is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid (COOH (CH2)7-COOH).
Azelate is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners
Azelate is an ingredient with antibacterial, skin cell regulating, anti-inflammatory and skin-lightening magic properties.
CAS Number: 123-99-9
EC Number: 204-669-1
Molecular formula: C9H16O4
Molar mass: 188.22 g/mol
Synonyms: 1,7-dicarboxyheptane, 1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid, 1,9-nonanedioic acid, acide azélaïque, acidum azelaicum, anchoic acid, Azelaic acid, AZELAIC ACID, azelaic acid, Azelainsäure Deutsch, lepargylic acid, n-nonanedioic acid, Nonandisäure Deutsch, Nonanedioic acid, 1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid, 1101094 [Beilstein], 123-99-9 [RN], 204-669-1 [EINECS], Acide azélaïque [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], acide nonanedioïque [French], Acido azelaico [Spanish], anchoic acid, Azalaic Acid, Azelaate [ACD/IUPAC Name], Azelaic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] [USAN] [Wiki], Azelainic acid, Azelainsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Azelex [Trade name], Finaceae [Trade name], lepargylic acid, MFCD00004432 [MDL number], Nonandisäure [German], Nonanedioic acid [ACD/Index Name], Skinoren [Trade name], 1,7-dicarboxyheptane, 1,9-NONANEDIOIC ACID, 119176-67-9 [RN], acide azelaique [French], Acido azelaico [Spanish], Acidum acelaicum, Acidum azelaicum [Latin], AHI, AZ1, Azelaic acid,, azelaicacid, Azelainsäure [ACD/IUPAC Name], Azelate, DB00548, Emery's L-110, Finacea [Wiki], Heptanedicarboxylic acid, n-nonanedioic acid, Nonandisäure, Nonanedioate, Nonanedioic-D14 Acid, Nonanedionic acid, Skinorem, Water-soluble azelaic acid, Zumilin, азелаиновая кислота, حمض أزيلائيك, 壬二酸, azelaic acid, NONANEDIOIC ACID, 123-99-9, Finacea, Anchoic acid, Azelex, 1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid, Lepargylic acid, Skinoren, 1,9-Nonanedioic acid, Heptanedicarboxylic acid, n-Nonanedioic acid, Emerox 1110, Emerox 1144, acide azelaique, Finevin, Azelainic acid, acidum azelaicum, azelate, Polyazelaic anhydride, Skinorem, 1,7-Dicarboxyheptane, Azelaic acid, technical grade, Emery's L-110, azelaate, Poly(azelaic anhydride), ZK 62498, ZK-62498, UNII-F2VW3D43YT, NSC 19493, Azelaic acid 99%, Azelaic acid, 98%, CHEBI:48131, MFCD00004432, F2VW3D43YT, MLS000069659, 26776-28-3, NSC19493, NSC-19493, NCGC00014993-07, SMR000059164, Acido azelaico, Azalaic Acid, DSSTox_CID_1640, Acide azelaique [French], Acido azelaico [Spanish], Acidum azelaicum [Latin], DSSTox_RID_76254, DSSTox_GSID_21640, heptane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid, Azelaic acid [USAN:INN], Azelaic polyanhydride, Nonanedioic acid, homopolymer, Azelaic, Azelaic acid polyanhydride, CAS-123-99-9, Finacea (TN), Azelex (TN), SR-01000075671, EINECS 204-669-1, Azelaic acid (USAN/INN), BRN 1101094, Azelaicacidtech, Azelainsaeure, Lepargylate, Nonandisaeure, Anchoate, Nonanedioic acid, sodium salt, n-Nonanedioate, AI3-06299, nonanedionic acid, HSDB 7659, 1tuf, azelaic acid group, 1,9-Nonanedioate, SH-441, AGN-191861, Spectrum_000057, ACMC-1BTAP, Opera_ID_740, Polyazelaic Polyanhydride, 1,7-Heptanedicarboxylate, Spectrum2_000995, Spectrum3_000278, Spectrum4_000401, Spectrum5_001304, C9-120-alpha-polymorph, C9-140-alpha-polymorph, C9-180-alpha-polymorph, C9-220-alpha-polymorph, C9-260-alpha-polymorph, C9-298-alpha-polymorph, Epitope ID:187039, A-9800, EC 204-669-1, Nonanedioic acid homopolymer, Lopac-246379, SCHEMBL3887, CHEMBL1238, Lopac0_000051, BSPBio_001756, KBioGR_000662, KBioSS_000437, Nonanedioic acid Azelaic acid, 4-02-00-02055 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1-O-hexadecyl-2-(8-carboxyoctanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has functional parent nonanedioic acid, 1-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has functional parent nonanedioic acid, 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has functional parent nonanedioic acid, 2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine has functional parent nonanedioic acid, nonanedioic acid monoglycoside has functional parent nonanedioic acid, azelaate is conjugate base of nonanedioic acid, azelaate(2−) is conjugate base of nonanedioic acid
Azelate is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid produced by Malassezia furfur and found in whole grain cereals, rye, barley and animal products.
Azelate possesses antibacterial, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-oxidant activity.
Azelate is bactericidal against Proprionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis due to Azelate inhibitory effect on the synthesis of microbial cellular proteins.
Azelate exerts its keratolytic and comedolytic effects by reducing the thickness of the stratum corneum and decreasing the number of keratohyalin granules by reducing the amount and distribution of filaggrin in epidermal layers.
Azelate also possesses a direct anti-inflammatory effect due to Azelate scavenger activity of free oxygen radical.
This drug is used topically to reduce inflammation associated with acne and rosacea.
Azelate is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley.
Azelate is also produced by Malassezia furfur, also known as Pityrosporum ovale, which is a species of fungus that is normally found on human skin.
Azelate is effective against a number of skin conditions, such as mild to moderate acne, when applied topically in a cream formulation of 20%.
Azelate works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear.
Azelate's antimicrobial action may be attributable to inhibition of microbial cellular protein synthesis.
Azelate is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid (COOH (CH2)7-COOH).
Azelate possesses a variety of biological actions both in vitro and in vivo.
Interest in the biological activity of Azelate arose originally out of studies of skin surface lipids and the pathogenesis of hypochromia in pityriasis versicolor infection.
Later, Azelate was shown that Pityrosporum can oxidize unsaturated fatty acids to C8-C12 dicarboxylic acids that are cornpetitive inhibitors of tyrosinase in vitro.
Azelate was chosen for further investigation and development of a new topical drug for treating hyperpigmentary disorders for the following reasons: Azelate possesses a middle-range of antityrosinase activity, is inexpensive, and more soluble to be incorporated into a base cream than other dicarboxylic acids.
Azelate is another option for the topical treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris.
Azelate offers effectiveness similar to that of other agents without the systemic side effects of oral antibiotics or the allergic sensitization of topical benzoyl peroxide and with less irritation than tretinoin.
Azelate is less expensive than certain other prescription acne preparations, but Azelate is much more expensive than nonprescription benzoyl peroxide preparations.
Whether Azelate is safe and effective when used in combination with other agents is not known.
Azelate is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7COOH.
This saturated dicarboxylic acid exists as a white powder.
Azelate is found in wheat, rye, and barley.
Azelate is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners
Azelate has role antibacterial agent.
Azelate has role antineoplastic agent.
Azelate has role dermatologic drug.
Azelate has role plant metabolite.
Azelate is a α,ω-dicarboxylic acid.
Azelate is conjugate acid of azelaate.
Azelate is conjugate acid of azelaate(2−).
Azelate is a dicarboxylic acid and is a white crystalline powder available in various purity grades depending on the final application.
The innovative production process achieves Azelate with very high purity and low monocarboxylic content, fundamental features for Azelate use as an intermediate in polymerization processes, typically as an alternative to sebacic acid and adipic acid.
The physiologic effect of Azelate is by means of Decreased Protein Synthesis, and Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity.
Azelate is an ingredient with antibacterial, skin cell regulating, anti-inflammatory and skin-lightening magic properties.
Azelate is especially useful for acne-prone or rosacea-prone skin types (in concentration 10% and up)
Azelate is a prescription drug in the US but can be freely purchased in the EU in an up to 10% concentration.
Azelate is a compound found in wheat, rye and barley that can help treat acne and rosacea because Azelate soothes inflammation.
Azelate treats sunspots and melasma because Azelate blocks the production of abnormal pigmentation
Azelate is also a tyrosinase inhibitor, meaning Azelate can prevent hyperpigmentation because it interferes with melanin production.
Azelate is anti-inflammatory for the acne and Azelate is anti-pigment because it blocks tyrosinase.
Azelate is a more gentle exfoliant than other alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), including glycolic, lactic and mandelic acids
Chemically, Azelate is a dicarboxylic acid.
Azelate works on skin as a gentle leave-on exfoliant which helps unclog pores and refine skin's surface.
Azelate also significantly lessens factors in skin that lead to sensitivity and bumps and delivers antioxidant benefits.
Azelate can be derived from grains like barley, wheat, and rye, but it’s the lab-engineered form that is typically used in skincare products because of Azelate stability and effectiveness.
Much of the research on this ingredient has looked at prescription-only topical products with concentrations between 15% and 20%, but there are incredible benefits to be seen even at lower concentrations.
Azelate is a naturally occurring acid found in grains like barley, wheat, and rye.
Today's Azelate is synthesized in a lab, though, to ensure Azelate is uniform and stable.
Azelate is an exfoliant that unclogs pores and also reduces pigmentation and the effects of scarring.
Azelate manipulates the most upper layers in the cells which leaves you with a smooth and visibly healthier skin tone.
If you’re looking for a brighter skin tone with visibly improved evenness, skincare including Azelate is a great choice.
Azelate isn't an incredibly common skin care ingredient, but Azelate can be found in some over-the-counter anti-aging and skin brightening products in strengths up to 10%.
For treating acne or rosacea, though, a prescription strength of at least 15% is needed.
Azelate is relatively obscure when compared to some of the more trendy and well-known skin care acids like glycolic, lactic, salicylic, and even hyaluronic acid.
But Azelate works slightly differently than other skin care acids.
Over-the-counter Azelate can help improve minor blackheads, refine the pores, even out skin tone, and brighten the complexion.
Stronger, prescription Azelate has even more benefits for the skin.
Topical Azelate formulations have been used to address a wide range of physiological maladies including acne, hyperpigmentary dermatoses, hair loss, wrinkling, hyperhidrosis, non-acne inflammatory dermatoses, infectious cutaneous diseases and ichthyosis.
However, the only topical formulations of Azelate presently known are dispersions.
Dispersions deliver Azelate in an undissolved state.
When applied to the skin, undissolved Azelate is not readily absorbed and as a result an excess of Azelate must be present to be effective.
The higher the concentration of Azelate, the more likely irritation (burning, stinging and redness) to the skin will occur.
What is needed is a completely solubilized topical Azelate composition.
Solubilized Azelate is much less likely to irritate the skin because Azelate in a dissolved state is much more readily absorbed by the need be present in the formulation to be effective thereby lowering the risk of irritation to the skin.
While Azelate is somewhat soluble in water, cosmetic oils and alcohols, each of these solvents has serious limitations.
Thus, water only marginally dissolves Azelate so that a water and Azelate solution would contain a maximum of about .24% by weight (w/w) Azelate, not likely enough to be effective.
Azelate has little or no solubility in cosmetic oils.
Alcohols are good solvents but are unsatisfactory because large amounts of alcohol e.g., isopropyl alcohol, in a topical composition has the undesirable side effect of drying the skin.
Indeed, some alcohols e.g., ethyl alcohol, render Azelate unstable at normal temperatures and atmospheric pressures resulting in a totally ineffective composition
Azelate is produced by a yeast (Malassezia fur fur, also known as Pityrosporum ovale) that is part of normal skin flora.
Azelate can help in both acne vulgaris and acne rosacea as an antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and comedolytic.
Azelate can also be used for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
One study that compared results of European clinical trials showed Azelate 20% cream is as effective as tretinoin 0.05%, benzoyl peroxide 5%, and topical erythromycin 2%.
Azelate is similar to benzoyl peroxide, but there is less evidence of Azelate usefulness.
Dosage:
Recommended dosage is 20% cream for acne vulgaris and 15% gel for acne rosacea, both applied one to two times a day.
Precautions:
Can cause hypopigmentation and some skin irritation but is usually well tolerated.
Topical Azelate:
The topical application of Azelate appears to be extremely effective in papulopustular rosacea.
Initially, Azelate was released in a 20% cream formulation and was shown in this vehicle to be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate rosacea.
A 15% gel formulation of Azelate vastly improved the delivery of Azelate and has been shown to be superior in head-to-head studies to the 20% Azelate cream.
Azelate is equally as effective as metronidazole cream or gel.
In a meta-analysis of five double-blind trials involving topical Azelate (cream or gel) for the treatment of rosacea compared with placebo or other topical treatments, four of five studies demonstrated significant decreases in mean inflammatory lesion count and erythema severity after treatment with Azelate compared with placebo, and Azelate was found to be equal to metronidazole in papulopustular rosacea.
However, no significant decrease in the severity of telangiectasia occurred in any treatment group.
Overexpression of cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of rosacea, and Azelate has been found to inhibit the pathological expression of cathelicidin, as well as the hyperactive protease activity that cleaves cathelicidin into LL-37.
A small, prospective, open-label, interventional study was performed to assess the effects of Azelate 15% gel on inflammatory lesions of papulopustular rosacea.
Azelate use was associated with a significant reduction in inflammatory lesions, and these results persisted beyond the active treatment phase.
Chemical peels:
Bleaching agents:
Hydroquinones are the most commonly used bleaching agents; other products include Azelate, aloesin, vitamin C, arbutin, licorice extract, glabridin, mequinol (4-hydroxyanisol), melatonin, niacinamide, paper mulberry, soy, vitamin E, kojic acid, α- and β-hydroxy acids, and retinoids and retinoid combination therapy.
Azelate is a prescription medication used to treat mild to moderate acne vulgaris, as well as rosacea.
Azelate comes in a gel, lotion, and cream.
Azelate is sold under the brand names Azelex, Finacea, and Finevin, as well as generic Azelate.
Uses of Azelate:
Azelate is used in many pharmaceutical preparations as an active ingredient in acne rosacea, due to Azelate therapeutic effectiveness.
The vegetable origin of Azelate makes it particularly suitable also for other important applications such as the synthesis of complex esters.
Uses in Practice:
Topical Azelate is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for mild-moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris under the brand name Azelex as 20% cream.
Azelate is also FDA approved for mild-to-moderate papulopustular rosacea under the brand name Finacea as 15% gel and 15% foam.
At this time, Azelate is not approved for any other subtype of rosacea.
In clinical studies for Azelate gel 15% (Finacea), there was some reduction of erythema noted in patients treated for papulopustular rosacea, but no specific clinical trials were performed to study erythema in rosacea in the absence of papules and pustules.
Azelate is also used off-label for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders, including melasma, due to Azelate inhibition of tyrosinase.
Pharmacokinetics:
Topical Azelate has a bioavailability of up to 10% in the epidermis and dermis.
Approximately 4% of Azelate cream or gel is absorbed systemically after topical application.
Azelate is a saturated dicarboxylic acid (HOOC-(CH2)7-COOH) found in many foods, including animal products and whole grains.
Azelate may undergo some beta-oxidation to shorter-chain dicarboxylic acids, but Azelate is predominately excreted in its original form in urine.
The half-life of topical Azelate is approximately 12 hours, and the patient should apply Azelate to the area of concern twice daily.
Favorable results are typically seen within 4 weeks in patients with acne vulgaris and within 12 weeks in patients with papulopustular rosacea.
Uses of Azelate for acne:
Azelate works by:
Clearing your pores of bacteria that may be causing irritation or breakouts.
Reducing inflammation so acne becomes less visible, less red, and less irritated.
Gently encouraging cell turnover so your skin heals more quickly and scarring is minimized.
Azelate can be used in gel, foam, or cream form.
All forms have the same basic instructions for use:
Wash the affected area thoroughly with warm water and pat dry.
Use a cleanser or mild soap to make sure the area is clean.
Wash your hands before applying the medication.
Apply a small amount of medication to the affected area, rub Azelate in, and let it dry completely.
Once the medication has dried, you can apply cosmetics.
There’s no need to cover or bandage your skin.
Keep in mind that you should avoid using astringents or “deep-cleansing” cleansers while you use Azelate.
Some people will need to apply the medication twice per day, but this will vary according to a doctor’s instructions.
Azelate for acne scars:
Some people use azelaic to treat acne scarring in addition to active outbreaks.
Azelate encourages cell turnover, which is a way to reduce how severe scarring appears.
Azelate also prevents what’s known as melanin synthesis, the ability of your skin to produce pigments that can vary your skin’s tone.
If you’ve tried other topical medications to help with scarring or blemishes that’re slow to heal, Azelate might help.
More research is needed to understand who this treatment works best for and how effective Azelate can be.
Other uses:
Azelate is also used for other skin conditions, such as hyperpigmentation, rosacea, and skin lightening.
Azelate for hyperpigmentation:
After a breakout, inflammation can result in hyperpigmentation on some areas of your skin.
Azelate stops discolored skin cells from populating.
A pilot study from 2011 showed Azelate can treat acne while evening out hyperpigmentation triggered by acne.
Further research on skin of color has also shown that Azelate is safe and beneficial for this use.
Azelate for skin lightening:
The same property that makes Azelate effective for the treatment of inflammatory hyperpigmentation also enables Azelate to lighten skin that’s discolored by melanin.
Using Azelate for skin lightening in patchy or blotchy areas of your skin due to melanin has been found effective, according to an older study.
Azelate for rosacea:
Azelate can reduce inflammation, making it an effective treatment for symptoms of rosacea.
Clinical studies demonstrate that Azelate gel can continually improve the appearance of swelling and visible blood vessels caused by rosacea.
According to older research, Azelate cream may be as effective as benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin (Retin-A) for the treatment of acne.
While Azelate results are similar to those of benzoyl peroxide, it’s also more expensive.
Azelate also works more gently than alpha hydroxy acid, glycolic acid, and salicylic acid.
While these other acids are strong enough to be used on their own in chemical peels, Azelate isn’t.
This means that while Azelate is less likely to irritate your skin, Azelate also has to be used consistently and given time to take effect.
Takeaway:
Azelate is a naturally occurring acid that’s milder than some more popular acids used to treat acne.
While the results of treatment with Azelate might not be obvious right away, there is research that points to this ingredient as effective.
Acne, uneven skin tone, rosacea, and inflammatory skin conditions have all been shown to be effectively treated with Azelate.
As with any medication, follow the dosing and application directions from your doctor closely.
Face acids, or skin acids, work by exfoliating, or shedding, the top layer of your skin.
Whenever you exfoliate your skin, new skin cells emerge to take the place of the old ones.
The process helps even out your skin tone and makes Azelate smoother overall.
Many face acids are available OTC at beauty stores and drugstores.
Popular options include:
Alpha hydroxy acids, such as glycolic, lactic, citric, malic, or tartaric acid
Azelate
Kojic acid
Salicylic acid
Vitamin C (in the form of l-ascorbic acid)
Main uses:
Fibres (E.g. Nylon 6,9 - Nylon 5,9 - Nylon 6,69)
Polyester Polyols (Polyurethanes and PUR Hotmelt)
Bioplastics (Polyesters)
Hot Melt Adhesives (Polyamides, Polyester)
Polyamide Hardeners (Epoxy Resins)
Azelate can also be used directly in other formulations such as:
Electrolytes for Capacitors
Lithium Complex Greases
Metalworking Fluids, Corrosion Inhibitors
Coating - Powder Resins (GMA)
Engine cooling fluids
Applications of Azelate:
Azelate is a naturally occurring acid found in grains such as barley, wheat, and rye.
Azelate has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which make Azelate effective in the treatment of skin conditions like acne and rosacea.
Azelate can prevent future outbreaks and clean bacteria from your pores that causes acne.
Azelate is applied to your skin and is available in gel, foam, and cream form.
Azelex and Finacea are two brand names for prescription topical preparations.
They contain 15 percent or more of Azelate. Some over-the-counter products contain smaller amounts.
Because Azelate takes some time to take effect, Azelate by itself isn’t typically a dermatologist’s first choice for treating acne.
Azelate also has some side effects, such as skin burning, dryness, and peeling.
The antibacterial, antiphlogistic and keratolytic Azelate is used in acne therapy.
Azelate is also used for treatment of skin pigmentation including melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with darker skin types.
Azelate has been recommended as an alternative to hydroquinone.
As a tyrosinase inhibitor, Azelate reduces synthesis of melanin.
About 4–8% of the topically applied substance is absorbed systemically.
In animal experiments Azelate, even in high doses, is not teratogenic.
However, systematic studies on Azelate use in humans are lacking.
Recommendation:
During pregnancy, Azelate should only be used for strict indications on small skin surfaces, e.g. facial acne, preferably not in the first trimester.
Esters of this dicarboxylic acid find applications in lubrication and plasticizers.
In lubricant industries Azelate is used as a thickening agent in lithium complex grease.
With hexamethylenediamine, Azelate forms Nylon-6,9, which finds specialized uses as a plastic
Medical:
Azelate is used to treat mild to moderate acne, both comedonal acne and inflammatory acne.
Azelate belongs to a class of medication called dicarboxylic acids.
Azelate works by killing acne bacteria that infect skin pores.
Azelate also decreases the production of keratin, which is a natural substance that promotes the growth of acne bacteria.
Azelate is also used as a topical gel treatment for rosacea, due to Azelate ability to reduce inflammation.
Azelate clears the bumps and swelling caused by rosacea.
The mechanism of action is thought to be through the inhibition of hyperactive protease activity that converts cathelicidin into the antimicrobial skin peptide LL-37.
Acne treatment:
In patients with moderate acne twice daily over 3 month topical 20% Azelate reduced numbers of comedones, papules and pustules.
Along with retinoids Azelate is considered to be effective in improving acne-treatment results.
The studies of latter though were admittedly limited.
In comparative review of effects of topical Azelate, Salicylic acid, Nicotinamide, Sulfur, Zinc, and alpha-hydroxy acid Azelate enjoyed more high-quality evidence of effectiveness than the rest.
Whitening agent:
Azelate has been used for treatment of skin pigmentation including melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in those with darker skin types.
Azelate has been recommended as an alternative to hydroquinone.
As a tyrosinase inhibitor, Azelate reduces synthesis of melanin.
According to one report of 1988 Azelate (in combination with zinc sulfate) in vitro showed to be a potent (90% inhibition) 5α-Reductase inhibitor, similar to the hair loss drugs finasteride and dutasteride.
Middle 80s in vitro research evaluating acid's depigmenting (whitening) capability concluded Azelate is effective (cytotoxic to melanocytes) only at high concentrations.
More recent review claimed 20% Azelate being more potent than 4% hydroquinon after period of application for three months without latter's adverse effects and even more effective if applied along with tretinoin for the same period of time.
Brand names:
Brand names for Azelate include Dermaz 99, Crema Pella Perfetta (micronized Azelate, kojic dipalmitate, and liquorice extract), Azepur99, Azetec99, Azaclear (Azelate and niacinamide), AzClear Action, Azelex, White Action cream, Finacea, Finevin, Melazepam, Skinoren, Ezanic, Azelac, Azaderm, (Acnegen, Eziderm, Acnicam, Azelexin in Pakistan)
Topical Antibacterial Agents:
Disorders of Pigmentation:
Azelate has no depigmenting activity on normal skin, solar freckles, senile freckles, lentigines, pigmented seborrheic keratoses, or nevi.
Azelate has some activity against hypermelanosis caused by physical and chemical agents, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, lentigo maligna, and lentigo maligna melanoma.
In melasma, treatment for 24 weeks with Azelate 20% cream alone showed similar efficacy to treatment for 8 weeks with clobetasol 0.05% cream followed by 16 weeks with Azelate 20% cream (90% vs. 96.7% improvement).
Benefits of Azelate in Skin Care Products:
Azelate products in concentrations of 10% or less aren’t easy to find, as very few brands have discovered Azelate powerful skincare benefits, perhaps because it’s just such a tricky ingredient to formulate properly.
If not formulated properly, the texture may be grainy, which could be problematic for skin.
If you’re wondering whether to choose a cosmetic Azelate skin care product or a prescription version, research has shown that a 10% concentration can still improve many of the visible imperfections some of us struggle with, from bumps to dull, uneven skin tone and various concerns related to aging.
But, there are some stubborn or advanced skin concerns where it’s best to consider one of the prescription products with Azelate.
You and your dermatologist can discuss whether a prescription Azelate product is right for you, and how to work Azelate into your skincare routine.
The Science Behind Azelate Skin Care Products:
Researchers have a theory on how Azelate works its skin-improving magic.
What's suspected is that Azelate works by inhibiting misbehaving elements on and within skin's uppermost layers.
Left unchecked, these troublemakers lead to persistent, visible skin imperfections (like brown patches and post-blemish marks), dull skin tone, and signs of sensitivities.
Azelate seems Azelate has a radar-like ability to interrupt or inhibit what's causing skin to act up.
Skin "hears" the message Azelate sends and responds favorably, which leads to skin that looks remarkably better, no matter your age, skin type, or concerns.
The ongoing research on Azelate led us to formulate our 10% Azelate Booster.
The Azelate within targets a wide range of skin imperfections and is formulated with 0.5% salicylic acid for a bit of a pore-refining nudge.
The 10% Azelate Booster also contains a soothing complex of brightening plant extracts plus skin-restoring adenosine, an energizing ingredients that visibly reduces signs of aging.
Adding the 10% Azelate Booster to your routine is easy: Azelate can be applied once or twice daily after cleansing, toning, and exfoliating.
Apply on Azelate own or mix with your favorite serum or moisturizer.
Azelate is fine to apply it to the entire face, or you can target blemished areas as needed.
During the day, finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen rated SPF 30 or greater.
The booster isn't an Azelate cream or Azelate gel; instead Azelate is a gel-cream hybrid that's compatible with all skin types and can be used with any of our other products, including our exfoliants, which might lead you to wonder how Azelate compares to AHA and BHA exfoliants.
Benefits of Azelate for Skin:
Azelate is a multifunctional skincare ingredient that tackles a multitude of concerns related to breakouts and inflammation.
Exfoliates gently:
Azelate goes deep within the pores and removes dead skin cells that cause dull skin tone and clogged pores.
Fights acne:
Azelate has antibacterial properties, and according to Fusco, Azelate is reported to be bactericidal to P. acnes, which leads to acne.
Reduces inflammation:
Azelate soothes irritation and helps to improve red bumps caused by inflammation.
Evens skin tone:
Azelate inhibits tyrosinase, which is an enzyme that leads to hyperpigmentation.
Azelate is effective on post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from acne breakouts and can possibly have an effect on melasma as well.
Treats rosacea:
Azelate could help with pore-clogging, inflammation, and secondary infections caused by rosacea.
Azelate is a so-called carboxylic acid.
Azelate is not an AHA or BHA but a distant relative to them (all being carboxylic acids).
Azelate can be found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley.
Antibacterial effect → Anti-Acne:
Azelate has a great antibacterial effect.
Azelate works against multiple bacteriaS, acne-causing Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes).
Very few ingredient are proven to work against P. acnes, so this alone makes Azelate an awesome choice for acne-prone skin.
For acne treatment, 20% is the standard prescription strength choice.
Comparing 20% Azelate to other acne treatments like 0.05% retinoic acid cream, 5% benzoyl peroxide cream or 2% erythromycin ointment Azelate had nothing to be ashamed for as Azelate showed similar effectiveness.
There is also a study that showed that 5% Azelate is also somewhat effective (about 32% improvement) and Azelate can be made much more effective by combining Azelate with 2% clindamycin (about 64% improvement.)
Regulate the production of skin cells → Anti-Acne:
Azelate also works on the cells that line hair follicles by changing the way they mature and proliferate, which decreases follicular ‘plugging’ and helps prevent blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed acne lesions.
Azelate helps with healthy skin cell production in the pores that is often problematic in acne and blackhead prone skin, which is nice!
Anti-inflammatory effect → Anti-rosacea, anti-acne:
The third magic property of Azelate is that it is proven to ha an e anti-inflammatory effect.
This is cool not only for treating acne, but also for treating rosacea.
15% is the standard prescription strength dose for rosacea treatment.
Skin lightening effect → Anti-PIH, anti-melasma:
Last but not least Azelate also shows skin lightening properties.
Azelate seems to be especially effective for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (that often comes with acne) and melasma.
Studies have compared 20% Azelate to 2% and 4% Hydroquinone and here again, Azelate has nothing to be ashamed of, Azelate showed similar skin lightening properties. (Though interestingly Azelate did not seem to be effective for lightening age spots that are called solar lentigines.)
So the bottom line is that Azelate can be a game changer (or rather skin changer) especially for acne-prone or rosacea skin types.
Azelate is antibacterial, can regulate problematic skin cell production in pores, it’s anti-inflammatory and even helps with PIH and melasma.
Azelate really can do a lot.
Azelate Keeps Pores Clear:
Azelate is a comedolytic.
This means Azelate helps break down existing pore blockages (AKA comedones) and keeps new ones from forming.
Clear pores and fewer pore blockages ultimately lead to fewer pimples.
Azelate Gently Exfoliates:
Azelate is also a keratolytic.
Keratolytics help your skin exfoliate by dissolving old, flaky skin cells.
Azelate is a fairly gentle exfoliant, especially when compared to other acne treatments like topical retinoids.
Azelate Reduces Acne-causing Bacteria:
Azelate kills Propionibacteria acnes, the bacteria that are responsible for inflamed acne breakouts.
This, in turn, reduces redness and inflammation.
Azelate Evens Out Your Skin Tone:
Another benefit of Azelate Azelate is ability to improve post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, or those discolored spots pimples leave behind.
Complexions that are prone to hyperpigmentation will especially benefit from Azelate.
Production of Azelate:
Azelate is industrially produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid.
The side product is nonanoic acid.
Azelate is produced naturally by Malassezia furfur (also known as Pityrosporum ovale), a yeast that lives on normal skin.
The bacterial degradation of nonanoic acid gives Azelate.
Biological Function of Azelate:
In plants, Azelate serves as a "distress flare" involved in defense responses after infection.
Azelate serves as a signal that induces the accumulation of salicylic acid, an important component of a plant's defensive response.
Action Mechanism of Azelate:
The mechanism of action of Azelate is not well understood.
However, in vitro, Azelate possesses antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, most likely through microbial cellular protein synthesis inhibition.
Microcomedones and comedones can arise because of hyperkeratinization.
Azelate produces an anticomedonal effect by decreasing the amount of hyperkeratinization.
Biopsies have shown a decrease in stratum corneum thickness, keratohyalin granules, and filaggrin in patients treated with Azelate cream.
Azelate also competitively inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin.
Last, Azelate mechanism of action also includes the inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitochondrial enzymes, thereby inducing direct cytotoxic effects on the melanocyte.
Therefore, Azelate is thought to decrease postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Alternatives:
Currently, there are no other known drugs with the same mechanism of action as Azelate.
On the other hand, there are many other drugs that can be used in the treatment of acne vulgaris, such as topical and oral retinoids, oral and topical antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, topical dapsone, salicylic acid, photodynamic therapy, lasers, and peels.
Antibiotics develop resistance when not used in combination with benzoyl peroxide and therefore should not be used as monotherapy.
Azelate is an effective monotherapy for acne vulgaris in pregnant women.
Handling and storage of Azelate:
Conditions for Safe Storage, Including Any Incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Storage Class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids
Stability and Reactivity of Azelate:
Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.
The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures: in correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.
Chemical Stability:
Azelate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
No data available
Conditions to Avoid:
Strong heating.
Incompatible Materials:
Bases, Reducing agents, Oxidizing agents
Warnings and Precautions
Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with the use of Azelate.
Azelate should be avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reactions to Azelate or its components.
Hypopigmentation has been reported with the use of Azelate as well.
Skin should be monitored for signs of hypopigmentation, especially in patients with dark complexions.
In addition, contact with the eyes, mouth, and other mucous membranes should be avoided.
First Aid Measures of Azelate:
General Advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If Inhaled:
After Inhalation:
Fresh air.
In Case of Skin Contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
In Case of Eye Contact:
After Eye Contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
If Swallowed:
After Swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
Indication of Any Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment Needed:
No data available
Firefighting measures of Azelate:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
Special Hazards Arising from the Substance or Mixture:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.
Advice for Firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.
Further Information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
Accidental Release Measures of Azelate:
Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures:
Advice for Non-emergency Personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Avoid substance contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.
Environmental Precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
Methods and Materials for Containment and Cleaning Up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoidgeneration of dusts.
Identifiers of Azelate:
CAS Number: 123-99-9
Beilstein Reference: 1101094
ChEBI: CHEBI:48131
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1238
ChemSpider: 2179
DrugBank: DB00548
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.246
EC Number: 204-669-1
Gmelin Reference: 261342
IUPHAR/BPS: 7484
KEGG: D03034
PubChem CID: 2266
UNII: F2VW3D43YT
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID8021640
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H16O4/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)
Key: BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C9H16O4/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)
Key: BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYAK
SMILES: O=C(O)CCCCCCCC(=O)O
CAS Number: 123-99-9
EC Number: 204-669-1
Chemical formula: C9H16O4
Molar mass: 188.22 g/mol
Appearance: white solid
Density: 1.443 g/mL
Melting point: 109 to 111 °C (228 to 232 °F; 382 to 384 K)
Boiling point: 286 °C (547 °F; 559 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water: 2.14 g/L
Acidity (pKa): 4.550, 5.498
Display Name: Azelate
EC Number: 204-669-1
EC Name: Azelate
CAS Number: 123-99-9
Molecular formula: C9H16O4
IUPAC Name: Azelaic acid
CAS number: 123-99-9
EC number: 204-669-1
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₆O₄
Chemical formula: HOOC(CH₂)₇COOH
Molar Mass: 188.22 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 13 90
Synonym(s): Azelaic acid
Linear Formula: HO2C(CH2)7CO2H
Properties of Azelate:
Chemical formula: C9H16O4
Molar mass: 188.22 g/mol
Appearance: white solid
Density: 1.443 g/mL
Melting point: 109 to 111 °C (228 to 232 °F; 382 to 384 K)
Boiling point: 286 °C (547 °F; 559 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water: 2.14 g/L
Acidity (pKa): 4.550, 5.498
vapor density: 6.5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: <1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: 98%
form: powder
bp: 286 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
mp: 109-111 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C9H16O4/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)
InChI key: BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling point: 237 °C (20 hPa)
Density: 1.029 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 215 °C
Melting Point: 107 °C
pH value: 3.5 (1 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure: <1 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 2.4 g/l
Specifications of Azelate:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 90.0 % (a/a)
Identity (IR): passes test
Pharmacology of Azelate:
ATC code: D10AX03 (WHO)
Routes of
administration: Topical
Pharmacokinetics:
Bioavailability: Very low
Biological half-life: 12 h
Legal status:
AU: S2 (Pharmacy Only)
US: ℞-only
Names of Azelate:
Preferred IUPAC name:
Nonanedioic acid
1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid
1,9-Nonanedioic acid
Acide azelaique
Acido azelaico
Acidum azelaicum
Anchoic acid
Azelaic acid
Azelaic acid
azelaic acid
Azelaic acid, technical grade
Azelex
Emerox 1110
Emerox 1144
Finacea
Heptanedicarboxylic acid
Lepargylic acid
Skinoren
CAS name:
Nonanedioic acid
IUPAC names:
1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acid
AZELAIC ACID
Azelaic Acid
Azelaic acid
azelaic acid
Azelaic acid
azelaic acid
Azelainsäure
Azeleic Acid
Nonanedioic acid
nonanedioic acid
Nonanedioic acid
Nonanedionic acid
Trade names:
Crodacid DC1195
Ácido Azelaico
