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BARQUAT CT 29

BARQUAT CT 29

CAS NO: 112-02-7
EC NO: 203-928-6


BARQUAT CT 29

Barquat® CT-29 is a clear to yellow solution of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride. This product is typically used as a coagulating agent.

Cetrimonium Chloride, Cetrimonium Bromide and Steartrimonium Chloride are quaternary ammonium salts. In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of hair conditioners, hair dyes and colors, other hair care products, and in some skin care products.

All three ingredients prevent or inhibit the buildup of static electricity. Cetrimonium Chloride and Cetrimonium Bromide also help to cleanse the skin or to prevent odor by destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. They also help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help to distribute or to suspend an insoluble solid in a liquid.

Cetrimonium chloride, or cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), is a topical antiseptic and surfactant. Long-chain quaternary ammonium surfactants, such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), are generally combined with long-chain fatty alcohols, such as stearyl alcohols, in formulations of hair conditioners and shampoos. The cationic surfactant concentration in conditioners is generally of the order of 1–2% and the alcohol concentrations are usually equal to or greater than those of the cationic surfactants. The ternary system, surfactant/fatty alcohol/water, leads to a lamellar structure forming a percolated network giving rise to a gel.

Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is the organic chloride salt of cetyltrimethylammonium. It has a role as a surfactant. It is a quaternary ammonium salt and an organic chloride salt. It contains a cetyltrimethylammonium ion.

Cetrimonium chloride is an excellent conditioning agent for hair, with anti-static, anti-frizz, and detangling properties. It also functions as an emulsifier and surfactant, helping boost rinse-off and stabilize emulsions.

Cetrimonium Bromide, Cetrimonium Chloride, and Steartrimonium Chloride are quaternary ammonium salts used for a variety of purposes in cosmetics at concentrations of up to 10%. Cetrimonium Bromide given orally is poorly absorbed from the intestine and is excreted in feces. Cetrimonium Bromide applied dermally is absorbed into the skin, but not rapidly. Dermal irritation and sensitization and ocular irritation are seen with these quaternary ammonium salts. Cetrimonium Bromide was embryotoxic and teratogenic in mice following intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg; only teratogenic effects were observed with 10 mg/kg. Embryotoxic effects consistent with maternal toxicity were seen in a rat-feeding study using 50 mg/kg/day. Dermal exposure to 2% Cetrimonium Chloride produced no evidence of teratogenieity; nor did 2.5% Steartrimonium Chloride. All mutagenesis assays used were negative. Repeated insult patch tests of concentrations of up to 0.25% Cetrimonium Chloride produced no sensitization reactions, although irritation was observed during induction. Based on the available data Cetrimonium Bromide, Cetrimonium Chloride, and Steartrimonium Chloride are considered safe for use in rinse-off cosmetic products but are safe only at concentrations of up to 0.25% in leave-on products.

Cetrimonium chloride is a preservative and antistatic agent. It can also be used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is often found in hair conditioner, shampoo, styling products, hairspray, and other personal care products.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are poorly absorbed by the oral route of administration. At the same time, systemic effects from percutaneous absorption through intact skin is considered rare as well. Nevertheless, although potentially minimal, systemic absorption is possible.

Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds) are potent disinfectant chemicals commonly found in disinfectant wipes, sprays and other household cleaners that are designed to kill germs. It is often the stuff that allows a product to claim to be antibacterial, as they are certified by the EPA as pesticides.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are sometimes referred to as quats. These compounds are among the most commonly used disinfectants in the food industry, and there are numerous commercially available products and formulations. They are cationic surfactants (positively charged surface-active agents) that impact cell walls and membranes after relatively long contact times. Their permanent positive charge makes them bind readily to the negatively charged surface of most microbes. QACs are used at concentrations ranging from 200 to 400 ppm for various food-contact surfaces. QACs are generally very stable, mostly unaffected by pH levels, and remain effective on a food-contact surface for a long time. Their antimicrobial activity is more selective than that of other disinfectants, they are inactivated by organic soil, and they should not be diluted in hard water. QACs are, however, generally very effective against bacterial biofilms. An example of a QAC is benzalkonium chloride, which is often used as a cleaner and sanitizer for various food surfaces, both at home and in industrial applications such as dairy equipment.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (commonly known as quats or QACs) are cationic surfactants (surface active agents) that combine bactericidal and virucidal (generally only enveloped viruses) activity with good detergency and, therefore, cleaning ability. Although other surfactant types, such as anionic, nonionic and, amphoteric surfactants (referring to their overall charge) have some antimicrobial activity depending on the specific biocide, the cationic surfactants (and some of the amphoterics) have the greatest antimicrobial activity. Examples include hexadecyltrimethylammonium (‘cetrimide’), chlorhexidine, and benzalkonium chloride. As for other biocides, the activity of QAC-based formulations will vary significantly based on the types of biocides used and their respective formulations. Given that their primary mechanism of action is the structure/function disruption against cell membranes, they generally demonstrate bactericidal and fungicidal activity, with further activity observed against enveloped viruses. QACs are also potent microstatic (including sporistatic) agents, but only limited formulations have claimed activity against mycobacteria (presumably by combination of other formulation excipients that allow greater penetration of the mycobacterial cell wall structure) and are generally cited as being nonactive against nonenveloped viruses. Activity can be affected by the presence of water hardness (when used to dilute a concentrated product), fat-containing substances, and anionic surfactants. QACs have a pleasant odor, are not aggressive on surfaces, and have low toxicity. They are widely used as cleaners/disinfectants on general, noncritical surfaces, including the removal of gross soil. QACs and other surfactants are also used as preservatives (e.g., in paints and cosmetics). Some QACs and amphoterics are also used at low concentrations as antiseptics. The most widely used ones are the biguanides and in particular chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine gluconate, CHG) and polymeric biguanides (e.g., Vantocil). CHG is used in such products as antimicrobial soaps (e.g., Hibiclens), mouthwashes, wound dressings, and in contact lens storage solutions. In these applications, in addition to direct antimicrobial activity, CHG has the further benefits of low irritation and binding to, and remaining on, the skin and mucous membranes at low, bacteristatic concentrations following application (thereby providing longer term or ‘substantive’ antimicrobial protection). In addition to antiseptic applications, the polymeric bioguanides are also used as general disinfectants and for water sanitization (as chlorine alternatives). Overall, the antimicrobial activity of CHG and the polymerics are similar to other QACs, but have limited fungicidal activity in their own right that can be enhanced in formulation but are fungistatic and sporistatic at low concentrations. As for the QACs, the cell membrane is the main target for antimicrobial activity and the action of CHG in particular has been well studied. Being positively charged, they are rapidly attracted to the cell wall surface, with initial surface structure disruption, penetration to the cell membrane, and direct insertion to and interaction with the phospholipids, leading to structure/function disruption (including leakage of cytoplasmic components); these effects culminate in cell death and loss of viability of enveloped viruses.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are surface-active agents. Some of them precipitate or denature proteins and destroy microorganisms. The most important disinfectants in this group are cationic surface-active agents, such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and methylbenzethonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride; the problems that they cause are similar.

Liquid quaternary cationic conditioner, which has excellent compatibility with non-ionic and cationic surfactants and most polar solvents. alcohol-like odor. Colorless to pale yellow liquid. Soluble in water. pH 2.5 – 3 Activity: 26% active substances and 74% water

Excellent conditioner with anti-static, anti-frizz & detangling properties, has emulsifying properties able to mix oil and water, especially effective for softening coarse hair, antimicrobial properties.

HISTORY

Cetrimonium chloride, along with Cetrimonium bromide and Steartrimonium chloride belong to a group called quarternary ammonium salts. These chemicals are used in many different types of personal skin care products as well as in many hair care products.
The main job of Cetrimonium chloride is to stop the build up of static electricity in hair, which in turn makes hair smoother and easy to manage. Cetrimonium chloride, along with its counterparts, has a positive charge that attracts them to the negative charge found in hair proteins.

Cetrimonium chloride, as well as its other counterparts, are all positively charged, which enables them to attract negatively charged particles of hair proteins making hair smooth to touch. TheCosmetics Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that Cetrimonium chloride is safe to use as a rinse-off product for hair. As a leave-on product for hair care, it was safe up to concentrations of up to 0.25%.

FUNCTION

Mainly used to prevent static and build-up in the hair. It can also cleanse the skin/hair and eliminate odor by preventing the growth of microorganisms, and by enabling water to mix with dirt and rinse it away. In addition, by reducing the surface tension of other ingredients and working to distribute and suspend insoluble solids in liquid, it helps form emulsions. This ingredient is mainly used in hair products such as hair dye, shampoo/conditioner, styling gel, mousse, detangler, dandruff treatment and relaxer.

Use: Use level 0.5-4%, add to water phase. For external use only.Applications: Hair conditioners, hair shampoos, hair rinses, anti-frizz products.

This cationic compound and conditioning agent is mainly used to prevent static and buildup in hair. It cleanses and eliminates odor by preventing the growth of microorganisms and enabling water to mix with dirt and rinse away. If found in conditioner, then you probably have a great co-wash. It can also be found in hair dye, shampoos, conditioners, styling gels, mousse, and detanglers.

Cetrimonium Chloride is a cationic surfactant compatible with anionic and zwitterionic surfactants. It is used in hair conditioners and after-shampoo products as a conditioning agent, leaving hair shinier and softer.  The conditioning effect is due to the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cationic surfactant matter and the natural negative charges on hairs’ surface: after use, hair just glides through the comb. Its already great conditioning properties are enhanced when combined with humectants (such as Flower Tales Glycerine) or a fatty acid (like Cetearyl Alcohol or Cetyl Alcohol). It’s particularly detangling and is ideal for curly, frizzy or difficult to tame hair. It is noted for its antiseptic properties which inhibit bacterial growth on the scalp and hair, reducing excessive desquamation and eliminating odours.  It is an emulsifier and in combination with oil it gains a creamy consistence.  

Benefits:

Excellent conditioner with anti-static, anti-frizz & detangling properties

Has good emulsifying properties able to mix oil and water

Especially effective for softening coarse hair

Has mild anti-microbial properties

Excellent compatibility with non-ionic and cationic surfactants and most polar solvent


Cetrimonium Chloride or CTAC is an emulsifier, surfactant and quaternary ammonium salt that is used in hair conditioners, shampoo, dyes, and other personal hair care products. By appearance, it is clear water-like liquid with an alcohol-like odor. It is a conditioning agent that is usually used with other two ingredients, namely, Cetrimonium bromide and Steartrimonium chloride. These three work in a group to prevent the development of “static electricity”.

When two opposite objects are rub against each other, electrons from one object get transferred to others, which leads to an electric charge. No moisture in the air or hot ambiance at home etc can worsen the hair condition as it creates more friction. Our hair appears frizzy and moisture-less in such condition as well as one faces difficulty in combing them too.

Cetrimonium chloride also vanishes the odor by thwarting the growth of microorganisms.

Every product has its pros and cons.

Cetrimonium chloride is mainly present in many commercial shampoos to prevent the static and buildup in the hair. But if we consider its effects on the hair, it can be dangerous and hazardous to your hair. If used for a longer time, it can affect the color of your hair and also make them dry and dehydrated. This happens because it potentially strips off the protective layer of your hair and makes it vulnerable to damage.

It is mainly used to prevent static and build-up in the hair. It can also cleanse the skin/hair and eliminate odor by preventing the growth of microorganisms, and by enabling water to mix with dirt and rinse it away. In addition, by reducing the surface tension of other ingredients and working to distribute and suspend insoluble solids in liquid, it helps form emulsions. This ingredient is mainly used in hair products such as hair dye, shampoo/conditioner, styling gel, mousse, detangler, dandruff treatment and relaxer.     

The ability of cetrimonium chloride to seek out damaged hair and fix it has been used in the past by marketers.  I remember working on one conditioner that went under the tag line ‘conditions your hair only where it is needed’.  This was perfectly true, though a rather strange way to put it.  It was like saying that soap washes your hand only where it is dirty.  But I suppose I shouldn’t complain about advertising that is justified when you think about how much is pure moonshine.

Cetrimonium chloride is still the most widely used quaternary ammonium compound in hair conditioners, but there is a whole family of them that work in much the same way.  They usually have the -ium bit in the name somewhere and often chloride too, but bromide sometimes pops up.  There are conditioning agents that aren’t related but these tend to be used in combination with something like cetrimonium chloride.  I hope this gives you something to think about while your hair is drying.

Cetrimonium chloride is a cationic quaternary compound like BTMS, incroquate CR and cetrimonium bromide. It is a water-soluble antistatic agent, surfactant and has some antimicrobial properties.

It performs a similar conditioning function to BTMS-50 and cetrimonium bromide but is not nearly as lubricating so it ideally should not be used on its own especially for dry hair types. You need to add either a humectant or a fatty alcohol to make it more conditioning.
Fatty alcohols: cetyl alcohol or cetearyl alcohol
Humectants: glycerine or propylene glycol

That said, its detangling capabilities are superior to both BTMS and cetrimonium bromide. Importantly, it can be added to surfactant formulations because it is water-soluble where as BTMS-50 and cetab cannot.

Cetac is a different compound to cetrimonium chloride. It is composed of:
29-30% cetrimonium chloride 

If you have very fine, tangle-prone hair try formulating a conditioner with cetrimonium chloride on its own to see how it perform otherwise combine it with other ingredients to create a more complete conditioner, e.g. add cetyl alcohol or cetearyl alcohol or glycerin.

Usage rate: 0.5% to 5% in rinse-off products; 2% can be optimal to get the detangling benefit. 2% will get rid of any silicone build-up in your hair. Check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Usage rate in leave-on products can be as little as 0.25%,

You can add cetrimonium chloride to any phase: heated oil phase, heated water phase or the cool-down phase. You may find your conditioner is less watery if you add it during the cool down phase.

Cationic ingredients are often used to provide conditioning benefits and are essential components for a conditioning treatment. Cetrimonium chloride is cost efficient and commonly used in economical conditioning formulations. Significantly more efficient is behentrimonium chloride, which provides outstanding conditioning properties such as improved wet and dry combability and wet feel.

Dialkylquats, such as distearyldimonium chloride and dicetyldimonium chloride, contain two long hydrocarbon chains and are more hydrophobic in nature than the monoalkyl quats such as cetrimonium chloride. Due to their hydrophobizing property, proven by a curl retention test, they impart anti-frizz properties, which are essential for ethnic hair. Due to sustainability concerns and the environmental impact of products, biodegradable esterquats are becoming more popular.

Distearoylethyl diammonium chloride is not only more eco-friendly and economical, it is nearly as efficient in conditioning as behentrimonium chloride.

Cationics’ conditioning properties can be further optimized by combining the cationics with silicone-based conditioners, which often shows a synergistic effect. Among the silicone-based conditioners, silicone quaternium-22 is a very efficient T-structured silicone quat, which can be applied in both intensive conditioners and shampoos. In combination with an organic quat like cetrimonium chloride, it improves synergistically the combability and feel of hair from a conditioner. The same effect can be found out of a shampoo in combination with a cationic polymer, such as Polyquaternium-10 or cationic guar.2

Additionally, as shown by a repeated combing study, silicone quaternium-22 can increase the survivor rate of hair fibers from the impact of combing and reduces significantly the tendency and amount of fiber breakage caused by repeated combing3. It also provides a 40% protection of the hair from damage caused by heat, such as a flattening iron.

Even more efficient is the higher molecular weight silicone T-quat, applied in a microemulsion, Silicone Quaternium-22 ME (INCI: Silicone quaternium-22 (and) polyglyceryl-3 caprate (and) dipropylene glycol (and) cocamidopropyl betaine).4 It provides even stronger heat protection (>70%) against flattening iron treatment and better color retention while further enhancing the already outstanding conditioning properties of the lower molecular weight silicone quaternium-22. The microemulsion form enables it to be used for crystal clear shampoos and for conditioning treatments.

Due to the homogeneous distribution of the silicone, an outstanding conditioning effect can be achieved at relatively low usage levels. In combination with cationics like cetrimonium chloride and in combination with a cationic polymers, such as polyquaternium-10 or cationic guar, it provides a synergistic conditioning effect in shampoos. Amino-functional silicones are the biggest group of organo-modified silicones used in personal care. The amino group is protonated and becomes cationic at acidic pH value normally used for shampoo and conditioner formulation. It enables substantivity and improved deposition. Evonik Industries has recently launched two new amino-functional silicones with different molecular weight for cost efficient and reproducible conditioning effects out of shampoos and conditioning emulsions. Both products are 100% active in liquid form with relatively low viscosity and thus easy to process. The higher molecular weight aminopropyl dimethicone is optimized for conditioning emulsions, the lower molecular weight one for crystal clear shampoos. Both types are very efficient in improving combability and feel of hair. Also the synergistic effects for combinations with cationics in hair conditioners and with cationic polymers in shampoos have been demonstrated.

In addition to protecting hair from damages by chemical/relaxer, heat/flattening iron and mechanical/grooming treatment, safeguarding hair from the damaging UV rays of daily sunlight exposure is an additional important need. Polysilicone-19 is a silicone UV quat containing side chains with either cationic groups or methoxycinnamic acid, a UV chromophore. Therefore, polysilicone-19 combines substantivity to hair with UV-absorbing properties. The effect can also be demonstrated after a rinse-off treatment such as shampooing or conditioning. Including polysilicone-19 provides 40% protection against damage by UV light after a conditioning rinse treatment. Table 1 summarizes the benefits of the conditioning agents for ethnic hair care. Table 2 gives an overview of the specific benefits of the described organo-modified silicones for shampoos. All are clearly soluble in surfactant based systems.

This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes and cosmetics and personal care products.

Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

SYNONYMS:

N-Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride; N-Hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride; cetrimonium chloride; N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium chloride; CTAC; cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC); hexadecyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride; Alkyltriethylammonium chloride; Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride; CTAC; Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride; N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride; N,N,N-trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium chloride; Palmityltrimethylammonium chloride; Trimethylhexadecylammonium chloride; cetrimonium; Cetyltrimethylammonium; HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM; CETYL-TRIMETHYL-AMMONIUM; Cetyltrimethylammonium cation; Hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion; Trimethylhexadecylammonium; Cetyltrimethylammonium ion; N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium; (2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)dimethyl(3-((1-oxotetradecyl)amino)propyl)ammonium chloride; 94279-05-7;(2,5-Dimethoxy-beta-hydroxy-beta-methylphenethyl)trimethylammonium chloride

BARQUAT CT 29
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