PRODUCTS

BAYFERROX 318

CAS: 1317-61-9
IUPAC Name: iron;tetrahydrate

Product Type: Color Pigments

Color: Black

Delivery Form: Powder

Molar weight: 231.6

Color Index: 77499.0000

Bayferrox® 318 is an iron oxide black pigment.
It is delivered as powder and can be applied for the coloration of a wide variety of construction materials.
The product is manufactured using the Laux-process which stands for high quality and application advantages.

Bayferrox 318 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners and laboratory chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Article service life
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Bayferrox 318 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Bayferrox 318 can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products, adsorbents, metal surface treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following areas: building & construction work, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and printing and recorded media reproduction.

Bayferrox 318 is used for the manufacture of: furniture, plastic products, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and rubber products.
Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Formulation or re-packing
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: coating products and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following products: inks and toners and coating products.
Bayferrox 318 is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.

Bayferrox 318 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).

Other release to the environment of Bayferrox 318 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Bayferrox 318 is a recent development in modern pigments and was unknown in artists' palettes before the nineteenth century.

Source
The source of Bayferrox 318 usually is from an iron ore called magnetite.
Magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a ferrous ferric oxide (ferrosic oxide) that is a heavy, black color and opaque.
Theoretically, black iron oxide contains slightly more iron metal than red oxide but not nearly as much as yellow oxide.
The native mineral may contain varying amounts of manganese, sulfur, clay and silica.

Permanence and Compatibility
Bayferrox 318 is absolutely permanent colors for all uses on the artist's palette.
It is compatible with all other pigments, and can be used with good results in all mediums.

Oil Absorption and Grinding
Bayferrox 318 absorbs a moderately low amount of oil.
The oil absorption ratio is 10–15 parts by weight of linseed oil to 100 parts by weight of pigment.
If the measurement were grams, it would require 100 grams (by weight) of pigment to grind 10 to 15 grams (by weight) of linseed oil to form a stiff paste.
It makes an average drying oil paint, and forms a hard, fairly flexible film.

Toxicity
Bayferrox 318 is not considered toxic, but care should be used in handling the dry powder pigment to avoid inhaling the dust.

Bayferrox 318 is an iron oxide pigment developed in the 20th century.
Also known under the names of black iron oxide, magnetic oxide, Pigment Black 11, and ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4),it has no known health hazards and is considered non-toxic, with an ASTM lightfastness rating of I.
Bayferrox 318 is more opaque and less toxic than other black pigments.
Artists' paint manufacturers have rated it one of the most satisfactory black pigments for acrylic paints with regard to opacity, lightfastness, and permanence.
Bayferrox 318 takes its name from Mars, the god of war and patron of iron.

A process for the production of a black Bayferrox 318 pigment from Fe2O3 hematite Bayferrox 318 which may be an impure oxide produced by the “Ruthner” process or by other means, or which may be a mineral hematite.
The process may be used to upgrade poor quality synthetic or natural hematite, or to improve their performance as red pigments, by conversion to Bayferrox 318 with subsequent oxidation of the magnetite so produced back to hematite.
The process uses a low temperature aqueous slurry reaction in which the hematite is contacted with a soluble source of Fe(II) ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert the same to Fe3O4.

This invention relates to a process for the production of black Bayferrox 318 pigments and, more particularly, to the production of black Bayferrox 318 pigment from hematite.

Pigmentary black Bayferrox 318 has the formula Fe3O4 and a cubic crystal structure typical of a magnetite.
It may be used, for example, in the pigmentation of building materials such as concrete, mortar, plaster of Paris, roofing tiles, paving bricks, artificial stone products or other similar products.

A great quantity of somewhat impure iron (II) chloride is produced as a by-product in the steel pickling industry and it would be of value to utilise this by-product as a raw material.
According to the well known “Ruthner”, or “spray-roast”, process pickle mill waste aqueous iron chloride is converted into an Bayferrox 318 having the formula Fe2O3 and a hexagonal crystal structure typical of a hematite by a spray-roasting process.
The product of such a process and raw material is a red pigment having an appreciable content of chloride and of a wide range of other impurities.
Typically this product may contain more than 90% by weight of Fe2O3, a restricted quantity of FeO, for example from 0.005% to 0.5% by weight, a substantial quantity of chloride ion, for example from 0.002% to 1% of more, possibly up to 5% by weight, an appreciable quantity of Mn2O3, for example from 0.1% to 1% by weight as well as, usually, oxides of some or all of aluminium, chromium, magnesium, titanium, zinc, lead, copper, arsenic and vanadium and oxides also of calcium silicon and phosphorus and a content of carbon.

It would be a useful contribution to the pigments industry to enable the production of a black Bayferrox 318 from a natural or synthetic hematite.
However, hematite can be a relatively unreactive material and no aqueous slurry process enabling this has been known.
Both natural mineral hematite and synthetic spray-roast hematite have passed through a period of elevated temperature which induces a degree of inertness due to calcination.

French Patent No. 2244716-A of Ruthner Akt. describes the production of a black Bayferrox 318 pigment powder from Fe2O3 prepared by the thermal dissociation of an iron chloride solution by means of a high temperature solid-vapour reaction comprising heat treatment under oxidising, reducing or neutral conditions at a temperature above 400 °C and then heat treatment under reducing conditions at a temperature under 550° C.
The product is Fe3O4 having a magnetite structure containing 0.02% chloride.
This product is then ground in a vibratory mill to give a particle size substantially below 0.045 mm.

The present invention provides an alternative process for the production of a black Bayferrox 318 pigment from Fe2O3 hematite Bayferrox 318, which may have been produced by the “Ruthner” process or by other means, or which may be a mineral hematite.
The process may be used to reconvert poor quality synthetic or natural hematites to black Bayferrox 318 or to improve their performance as red pigments by conversion to Bayferrox 318 and subsequent oxidation of the magnetite so produced back to hematite.
The process of the present invention uses a low temperature aqueous slurry reaction.

The present invention provides a process for the production of black Bayferrox 318 pigment from Bayferrox 318 having the hematite crystal structure the process being characterised in that the hematite is contacted with a soluble source of Fe(II) ions in the presence of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions and in an aqueous alkaline medium to convert the same to Fe3O4.

It has been found that the strength of the Bayferrox 318 may be very considerably enhanced by the introduction of a quantity of a soluble source of Fe(III) ions, for example ferric sulphate, into the aqueous alkaline medium

In the practice of the invention the Bayferrox 318 having a hematite structure is preferably a spray-roast product produced from iron chloride as described above.
Such a product will normally be in the form of particles of which at least 50% by weight are at least 5 micrometers, for example from 5 to 20 micrometers in diameter.

Product Applications:

Concrete Roofing Tiles

Construction material

Facade Elements

Fibre Cement

In Situ Concrete

Mortar

Noise Barriers

Paving Stones

Plaster

Screed

General storage conditions: Protect against weathering. Store in a dry place and avoid extreme fluctuations in temperature.
Maximum storage temperature: When storing large quantities of pigments, temperatures above 80 °C must be avoided as an alteration (oxidation) of the pigment may be caused by heat.
Special conditions for opened packaging: Close bags after use to prevent the absorption of moisture and contamination.
Shelf life: If stored under the correct conditions (no climatic influence, kept dry and no extreme fluctuations in temperature) our products have an excellent shelf life.
However, due primarily to the limited durability of the packaging, we recommend that the product is used within 5 years of the date of manufacture and our product warranty is limited to this period.
During the first five years after the date of manufacture we are able to ensure compliance with our specification, provided the material has been stored correctly and the packaging materials remain undamaged.

Classification: The product is not classified as dangerous under the relevant EC Directives and corresponding national regulations valid in the individual EU member states.
It is not dangerous according to transport regulations.

SYNONYMS:

iron;tetrahydrate

Iron oxide (Fe3O4)

Iron Tetrahydrate

EINECS 215-277-5

EC 215-277-5