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BEESWAX

Beeswax is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.
Beeswax is generally available as yellow, white, or bleached.
Beeswax is a waxy substance secreted by worker bees from special glands on their abdomen.

CAS Number: 8006-40-4
EINECS Number: 616-889-9

Beeswax can be produced synthetically.
Yellow beeswax comes directly from the honeycomb, while white and bleached beeswax are processed form of yellow beeswax.
In medicine, beeswax is used for lowering cholesterol, for relieving pain, and for swelling (inflammation), ulcers, diarrhea, and hiccups.

Beeswax is also used for tablet coating.
In food industry, beeswax is used as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive (E901) to give shine to the products, e.g.

Beeswax is permitted for the surface treatment only of certain fruits.
White beeswax and beeswax absolute (yellow beeswax treated with alcohol) are used as stiffening agents in beverages.

Beeswax is also used as a carrier for colors in food.
In manufacturing, yellow and white beeswax are used as thickeners, emulsifiers, and as stiffening agents in cosmetics.
Beeswax absolute is used as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes.

2,3 Furthermore, beeswax can be used to polish furniture.
Beeswax is a natural substance produced by honeybees.

Bees use beeswax to build the hexagonal cells of their honeycombs, where they store honey, pollen, and raise their young.
White beeswax is produced by bleaching the constituent pigments of yellow beeswax with peroxides, or preferably it is bleached by sunlight.
Beeswax has a faint characteristic odor, free from rancidity.

Beeswax is a product made from the honeycomb of the honeybee and other bees.
The mixing of pollen oils into honeycomb wax turns the white wax into a yellow or brown color.
In historical times, before the advent of modern adhesives, beeswax was used to seal envelopes and letters.

A personalized seal was typically pressed into softened beeswax to secure the contents and prove the authenticity of the sender.
Beeswax can be used to make homemade fire starters.
When combined with other combustible materials like sawdust or cotton, it creates a slow-burning and long-lasting fire starter for camping or survival situations.

Surfers often use beeswax to wax their surfboards, providing traction and grip for better control while riding the waves.
Beeswax can be applied to thread in sewing and embroidery to reduce friction and make it easier to work with.
This is particularly helpful when sewing by hand.

Some musicians use beeswax to maintain their musical instruments.
For example, it can be applied to violin bows to enhance their performance.
Beeswax can be used to protect metal surfaces from rust and corrosion.

Beeswax creates a barrier against moisture and environmental factors.
Beeswax is often used as a natural and eco-friendly adhesive in various DIY projects, such as making homemade stickers or labels.
Beeswax can be used to polish and protect leather shoes, providing a shine and helping to repel water and stains.

Some people make their own natural deodorant using beeswax, coconut oil, and baking soda, among other ingredients.
Beeswax is sometimes used in massage therapy as a natural massage medium.
Beeswax has a smooth texture and can be infused with essential oils for added therapeutic benefits.

Beeswax is a versatile material for sculpting and crafting.
Beeswax can be molded into various shapes and used for artistic projects.
Beeswax is used in the traditional art of batik, where it is applied to fabric to create intricate patterns and designs before dyeing the fabric.

Beeswax-coated fabric is used to make reusable food wraps that can be used in place of plastic wrap to cover and store food items.
Beeswax is primarily composed of esters, fatty acids, and hydrocarbons.
Beeswax contains a mix of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids, with the most abundant ester being myricyl palmitate.

The exact composition can vary depending on factors such as the bee species, diet, and environmental conditions.
Beeswax is typically a yellow or light brown color when it's in its natural state.
Its texture is firm but pliable, becoming more malleable when heated.

This property makes Beeswax easy to work with in various applications.
Beekeepers can harvest beeswax when they extract honey from beehives.
Beeswax involves removing the wax caps that seal the honeycomb cells and then melting these caps to collect the raw beeswax.

Raw beeswax may contain impurities such as pollen, propolis (a resinous substance collected by bees), and small debris.
To produce refined beeswax, these impurities are typically removed through a process of melting, filtering, and sometimes bleaching.
Refined beeswax is often preferred for many applications.

Beeswax is a renewable resource since it is produced by honeybees during their natural life cycle.
Responsible beekeepers ensure that they do not harm the bee colony or its long-term health when harvesting beeswax.
Beeswax is flammable and has a relatively low melting point, making it an excellent material for candle making.

Beeswax burns cleanly and without the soot produced by some other types of candles.
Beeswax is considered hypoallergenic and is well-tolerated by most people.
Beeswax is often used in cosmetics and skincare products for this reason.

Beeswax has a mild, natural honey-like scent, which can add a subtle fragrance to products made with it.
However, Beeswax's not overpowering and can easily be masked or enhanced with essential oils or other scents.
The use of beeswax dates back thousands of years, with evidence of its use found in ancient Egyptian and Roman civilizations.

Beeswax has been a valuable resource for various purposes throughout human history.
Beeswax (cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.
Beeswax is generally available as yellow, white, or bleached.

Yellow beeswax comes directly from the honeycomb, while white and bleached beeswax are processed form of yellow beeswax.
Beeswax can be produced synthetically.
In medicine, beeswax is used for lowering cholesterol, for relieving pain, and for swelling (inflammation), ulcers, diarrhea, and hiccups.

Beeswax is also used for tablet coating.
In food industry, beeswax is used as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive (E901) to give shine to the products, e.g.
Beeswax is permitted for the surface treatment only of certain fruits.

Beeswax and beeswax absolute (yellow beeswax treated with alcohol) are used as stiffening agents in beverages.
Beeswax is also used as a carrier for colors in food. In manufacturing, yellow and white beeswax are used as thickeners, emulsifiers, and as stiffening agents in cosmetics.
Beeswax absolute is used as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes. 2,3 Furthermore, beeswax can be used to polish furniture.

Beeswax is a product made from the honeycomb of the honeybee and other bees.
The mixing of pollen oils into honeycomb wax turns the white wax into a yellow or brown color.
Beeswax is used for high cholesterol, pain, fungal skin infections, and other conditions.

But there is no good scientific research to support these uses.
In foods and beverages, white beeswax and beeswax absolute (yellow beeswax treated with alcohol) are used as stiffening agents.
In manufacturing, yellow and white beeswax are used as thickeners, emulsifiers, and as stiffening agents in cosmetics.

Beeswax absolute is used as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes.
Beeswax and beeswax absolute are also used to polish pills.
Beeswax (cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.

Beeswax is formed into scales by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal segments of worker bees, which discard it in or at the hive.
The hive workers collect and use it to form cells for honey storage and larval and pupal protection within the beehive.
Chemically, beeswax consists mainly of esters of fatty acids and various long-chain alcohols.

Beeswax has been used since prehistory as the first plastic, as a lubricant and waterproofing agent, in lost wax casting of metals and glass, as a polish for wood and leather, for making candles, as an ingredient in cosmetics and as an artistic medium in encaustic painting.
Beeswax is edible, having similarly negligible toxicity to plant waxes, and is approved for food use in most countries and in the European Union under the E number E901.

When bees, needing food, uncap honey, they drop the removed cappings and let them fall to the bottom of the hive.
Beeswax is known for bees to rework such an accumulation of fallen old cappings into strange formations.
Beeswax is a food grade wax with a white color when it is freshly prepared.

Later the color changes into yellow because of the presence of propolis and pollen colorants.
The typical odor of beeswax depends on the honey, bees, propolis, and pollen.
Beeswax is crystalline in form and it mainly depends on the storage.

Along with the crystallization, the elasticity and stiffness of the wax also increases during storage.
The important quality of beeswax is its hardness. At low temperatures the beeswax exhibits higher rates of elasticity.
The heating process changes the physical properties of beeswax.

Shrinkage of heated beeswax occurs by 10% upon cooling.
When the beeswax is heated at the temperature of 30–35°C, it attains the properties of plastics.
Beeswax is often considered a more environmentally friendly alternative to paraffin wax, which is derived from petroleum.

Beeswax is a natural, biodegradable substance.
When properly purified, beeswax is considered food-grade and can be used in various culinary applications, such as coating cheese or sealing homemade jams.
Yellow or light brown pieces or plates with a fine-grained, matt and non-crystalline fracture; when warmed in the hand they become soft and malleable.

Beeswax has a faint odour, characteristic of honey.
Beeswax is tasteless and does not stick to the teeth.
Beeswax (also known as cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.

The wax is formed into scales by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal segments of worker bees, which discard it in or at the hive.
The hive workers collect and use it to form cells for honey storage and larval and pupal protection within the beehive.
Chemically, beeswax consists mainly of esters of fatty acids and various long-chain alcohols.

In medieval times, beeswax was used as a sealant for important documents and letters.
A seal would be pressed into softened beeswax on a document to create a unique mark of authenticity.
Beeswax has a history of being used in traditional medicine for its purported healing properties.

Beeswax was applied to wounds and burns for its protective and soothing qualities.
Beeswax is an excellent emollient, meaning it can soften and moisturize the skin.
This property makes it a popular ingredient in lip balms, lotions, and creams.

Due to its ability to create a protective barrier, beeswax has been used in the preservation of some historical artifacts, such as leather, manuscripts, and wooden objects.
Beeswax was used to coat quills and inkwells to prevent ink from drying out and to maintain the sharpness of quills.
Some types of dental floss are coated with beeswax for smoother use and easier sliding between teeth.

Beeswax is an important byproduct of the beekeeping industry.
Beeswax provides an additional source of income for beekeepers alongside honey production.
In some cultures, softened and flavored beeswax has been used as a natural chewing gum.

Beeswax candles hold significant religious and cultural importance in various traditions and rituals.
They are often used in churches, temples, and ceremonies.
Beeswax-based furniture polish can enhance the luster and shine of wooden furniture while providing a protective layer.

Beeswax is sometimes used in the creation of models and prototypes in various fields, including art, dentistry, and sculpting.
white to yellowish-white pieces or plates White wax consists of tasteless, white or slightly yellow-colored sheets or fine granules with some translucence.

Beeswaxs odor is similar to that of yellow wax but is less intense.
Beeswax absolute is obtained by alcohol extraction of beeswax.
The yield is generally less than 1%.The yellowish-brown, viscous product has a mild, honey-like odor, and high tenacity; it is used almost exclusively in fine fragrances.

Beeswax is edible but is difficult for humans and other mammals to digest so has negligible nutritional value.
Beeswax is soluble in most organic solvents but is insoluble in water and is resistant to hydrolysis and natural oxidisation so has good stability.

Beeswax can be heated in water and reused, becoming pliable at a temperature of around 35-40 °C, before reaching its melting point at around 62-64 °C.
However, Beeswax discolours if heated beyond 85°C and is flammable if exposed to a naked flame.
Synthetic Beeswax is also available upon request.

Beeswax is formed by worker bees, which secrete it from eight wax-producing mirror glands on the inner sides of the sternites (the ventral shield or plate of each segment of the body) on abdominal segments 4 to 7.
The sizes of these wax glands depend on the age of the worker, and after many daily flights, these glands gradually begin to atrophy.

Beeswax is a natural wax secreted by honey bees of the genus Apis, which they use to build honeycomb cells to store honey and protect their young within the hive.
Yellow Beeswax is extracted from the honeycomb by heating in water, but can be bleached to create white Beeswax.
Beeswax is produced worldwide, but major producers include India, Ethiopia, Argentina, Turkey and the Republic of Korea.

The new wax is initially glass-clear and colorless, becoming opaque after chewing and being contaminated with pollen by the hive worker bees, becoming progressively yellower or browner by incorporation of pollen oils and propolis.
The wax scales are about three millimetres (0.12 in) across and 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) thick, and about 1100 are needed to make a gram of wax.
Worker bees use the beeswax to build honeycomb cells.

For the wax-making bees to secrete wax, the ambient temperature in the hive must be 33 to 36 °C (91 to 97 °F).
The book Beeswax Production, Harvesting, Processing and Products suggests one kilogram (2.2 lb) of beeswax is sufficient to store 22 kg (49 lb) of honey.
Another study estimated that one kilogram (2.2 lb) of wax can store 24 to 30 kg (53 to 66 lb) of honey.

Sugars from honey are metabolized into beeswax in wax-gland-associated fat cells.
The amount of honey used by bees to produce wax has not been accurately determined, but according to Whitcomb's 1946 experiment, 6.66 to 8.80 kg (14.7 to 19.4 lb) of honey yields one kilogram (2.2 lb) of wax.: 35

Beeswax is a yellowish-white solid, somewhat translucent in thin layers.
White beeswax is insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in cold alcohol.
Boiling alcohol dissolves cerotic acid and part of the myricin, which are constituents of the wax.

Beeswax as a product for human use may come from cappings cut off the cells in the process of extraction, from old comb that is scrapped, or from unwanted burr comb and brace comb removed from a hive.
Beeswaxs color varies from nearly white to brownish, but most often is a shade of yellow, depending on purity, the region, and the type of flowers gathered by the bees.
The wax from the brood comb of the honey bee hive tends to be darker than wax from the honeycomb because impurities accumulate more quickly in the brood comb.

Due to the impurities, the wax must be rendered before further use.
The leftovers are called slumgum, and is derived from old breeding rubbish (pupa casings, cocoons, shed larva skins, etc.), bee droppings, propolis, and general rubbish.
The wax may be clarified further by heating in water.

As with petroleum waxes, Beeswax may be softened by dilution with mineral oil or vegetable oil to make it more workable at room temperature.
Beeswax is a fragrant solid at room temperature.
The colors are light yellow, medium yellow, or dark brown and white.

Beeswax is a tough wax formed from a mixture of several chemical compounds.
Beeswax has a relatively low melting point range of 62 to 64 °C (144 to 147 °F).
If beeswax is heated above 85 °C (185 °F) discoloration occurs.

The flash point of beeswax is 204.4 °C (400 °F).
When natural beeswax is cold,[clarification needed] it is brittle, and its fracture is dry and granular.
At room temperature (conventionally taken as about 20 °C (68 °F)), it is tenacious and it softens further at human body temperature (37 °C (99 °F)).

An approximate chemical formula for beeswax is C15H31COOC30H61.
Beeswaxs main constituents are palmitate, palmitoleate, and oleate esters of long-chain (30–32 carbons) aliphatic alcohols, with the ratio of triacontanyl palmitate CH3(CH2)29O-CO-(CH2)14CH3 to cerotic acid CH3(CH2)24COOH, the two principal constituents, being 6:1[citation needed].
Beeswax can be classified generally into European and Oriental types.

The saponification value is lower (3–5) for European beeswax, and higher (8–9) for Oriental types.
[citation needed] The analytical characterization can be done by high-temperature gas chromatography.
A wax produced by many species of bees; the most common is Apis mellifica.

Beeswax is secreted by the worker bees to form honeycomb cells.
The wax is prepared by melting the combs in hot water then filtering out the impurities which may contain resins, sugars, and plant materials.
The age, diet, location, and species of bee affects the color and texture of the wax.

Waxes can be soft or brittle with colors ranging from light yellow to dark brown.
The darker varieties are often bleached by exposure to light and air or with chemicals.
Beeswax contains about 10-14% hydrocarbons in addition to alcohols, fatty acids and esters.

The primary component is myricyl palmitate (C15H31COOC30H61).
Punic wax is refined beeswax.
Beeswax has been used as a protective coating, candle, adhesive, paint binder, and plasticizer.

Melting point: 61-65 °C(lit.)
solubility: Practically insoluble in water, partially soluble in hot ethanol (90 per cent V/V) and completely soluble in fatty and essential oils.
Relative density: about 0.960.
color: yellow

Beeswax is the major component of honeycomb.
Beeswax is secreted in tiny flakes from the underside of the abdomens of worker bees, and moulded into honeycomb.
Beeswax is soft to brittle, with a specific gravity of about 0.95 and a melting point of over 60°C, and consists of at least 284 different compounds, mainly a variety of long-chain alkanes, acids, esters, polyesters and hydroxy esters.

These include free cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH), the ester of cerotic acid and triacontanol (CH3(CH2)29OH), myricin (myricyl palmitate, CH3(CH2)14COO(CH2)12CH3), and hentriacontane, CH3(CH2)29CH3.
Hentriacontane comprises 8-9% of beeswax, and its stability and impermeability to water contribute to the role it plays as a structural component.

Although insoluble in water, beeswax can be dissolved in solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, or warm ether.
The exact composition of beeswax varies with location.
Beeswax (cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis.

Beeswax has been used to seal bottles of wine and spirits in the past, serving both as a seal and a preservation method.
Beeswax can be applied to surfaces like snow shovels and lawnmower blades to create a non-stick layer, preventing snow and grass from sticking.
In art, the "crayon resist" technique involves drawing with crayons on paper and then applying a watercolor wash.

The wax from the crayons resists the watercolor, creating interesting textures and patterns.
Beeswax is used in taxidermy to sculpt and shape the features of preserved animals.
Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey.

Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties, the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body products.
Also, beeswax is used in the food industry: as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive (E901) to give shine to the products.
Exactly as the honey which it contains, beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises, inflammation and burns.

Recently, the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature ocused only on the action of beeswax.
The few studies showed an antimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive oil.

This minireview aims to be a collection of major scientific works that have considered the antimicrobial activity of beeswax alone or in combination with other natural products in recent years.
Beeswax, considered to be among the earliest of raw materials used by man from the time of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans, was used in many ways, not the least of which was in early medicine and cosmetics.
Beeswax granules made here in the USA to the National Formulary standard.

Their granular form make them extremely easy to work with.
The acid number of beeswax ranges from 17 - 24; so between 57.9 - 81.5mg of borax is required from 1 gram of beeswax.
Borax is 5 - 7% of the weight of beeswax.

Beeswax, by itself is not an emulsifier.
When combined with Sodium Borate (aka Borax) in water, an emulsion can be made.
This is because borax dissolves in water and produces boric acid and sodium hydroxide.

The sodium hydroxide interacts with the cerotic acid in the beeswax (present at about 13%), neutralizing it and forming an anionic emulsifier called sodium cerotate and the boric acid acts to buffer the resulting emulsion.
This emulsifier makes the oil and water less likely to separate and the resulting cream more stable.

Beeswax is possible to make an "emulsion" with just beeswax, oils and water, heat and a great deal of mechanical high shear mixing, these resulting "emulsions" are not inherently stable and will tend to separate on standing, or when subjected to heat.
This is because they are solely mechanical emulsions rather than chemically based ones.
Beeswax is also used in many anhydrous products where it thickens formulations, adds to binding strength and improves structure, oil retention, pay-off and mold release.

Beeswax has been used for centuries to condition and strengthen thread in sewing and embroidery.
Beeswax helps prevent fraying and tangling.
In the equestrian world, beeswax is used to condition and waterproof leather saddles, bridles, and other tack.

Beeswax can be applied to fabric or garments to make them water-resistant.
This is especially useful for outdoor clothing like jackets and hats.
Beeswax-coated thread is commonly used in bookbinding to create durable and long-lasting bindings.

Beeswax is used in certain hair removal methods, such as "sugaring."
In this technique, a mixture of sugar, water, and beeswax is used to remove hair from the skin.
Beeswax can be added to soap recipes to provide hardness and texture to the soap bars.

Beeswax also helps extend the life of the soap.
Beeswax is used in horticulture for grafting and budding fruit trees.
Beeswax helps seal and protect the grafting site.

Beeswax can be used as a protective coating for hand tools and metal objects, preventing rust and corrosion.
Beeswax candles can be sculpted and carved into intricate shapes and designs, making them popular in candle artistry.
In some cases, a thin layer of beeswax is applied to certain fruits, like apples, to improve their appearance and shelf life.

Beeswax has been used to seal the tops of homemade preserves, jams, and jellies, creating an airtight seal.
Beeswax-coated twine or cord is sometimes used in basketry to strengthen and protect the materials.
Beeswax can be used as a natural adhesive in various DIY projects, including crafting and woodworking.

Beeswax can be used as a lubricant for various purposes, such as lubricating drawer slides or door hinges.
Beeswax is used in the dental industry to create mouthguards and orthodontic wax for braces wearers.

Artists use beeswax in watercolor painting to create areas that resist paint, allowing for unique texture and effects.
Beeswax is used in the restoration of antique furniture and artworks to protect and rejuvenate the surfaces.

PROCESSING Of Beeswax:
When beekeepers extract the honey, they cut off the wax caps from each honeycomb cell with an uncapping knife or machine.
Beeswax may arise from such cappings, or from an old comb that is scrapped, or from the beekeeper removing unwanted burr comb and brace comb and suchlike.
Beeswaxs color varies from nearly white to brownish, but most often is a shade of yellow, depending on purity, the region, and the type of flowers gathered by the bees.

The wax from the brood comb of the honey bee hive tends to be darker than wax from the honeycomb because impurities accumulate more quickly in the brood comb.
Due to the impurities, the wax must be rendered before further use.
The leftovers are called slumgum, and is derived from old breeding rubbish (pupa casings, cocoons, shed larva skins, etc), bee droppings, propolis, and general rubbish.

Beeswax may be clarified further by heating in water.
As with petroleum waxes, Beeswax may be softened by dilution with mineral oil or vegetable oil to make it more workable at room temperature.

PRODUCTION Of Beeswax:
Beeswax is formed by worker bees, which secrete it from eight wax-producing mirror glands on the inner sides of the sternites (the ventral shield or plate of each segment of the body) on abdominal segments 4 to 7.
The sizes of these wax glands depend on the age of the worker, and after many daily flights, these glands gradually begin to atrophy.
The new wax is initially glass-clear and colorless, becoming opaque after chewing and being contaminated with pollen by the hive worker bees, becoming progressively yellower or browner by incorporation of pollen oils and propolis.

Beeswax scales are about three millimetres (0.12 in) across and 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) thick, and about 1100 are needed to make a gram of wax.
Worker bees use the beeswax to build honeycomb cells.
For the wax-making bees to secrete wax, the ambient temperature in the hive must be 33 to 36 °C (91 to 97 °F).

The book Beeswax Production, Harvesting, Processing and Products suggests one kilogram (2.2 lb) of beeswax is sufficient to store 22 kg (49 lb) of honey.
Another study estimated that one kilogram (2.2 lb) of wax can store 24 to 30 kg (53 to 66 lb) of honey.

Sugars from honey are metabolized in wax-gland-associated fat cells into beeswax.
The amount of honey used by bees to produce wax has not been accurately determined, but according to Whitcomb's 1946 experiment, 6.66 to 8.80 kg (14.7 to 19.4 lb) of honey yields one kilogram (2.2 lb) of wax.

Uses of Beeswax:
beeswax is one of the oldest raw ingredients used in cosmetic preparations.
Beeswax is traditionally used as an emulsifier for water-in-oil emulsions and is now also used to regulate a formulation’s consistency.
Beeswax is used as part of the wax composition of solid and paste products such as creams, lipsticks, and pomades.

When on the skin’s surface, it can form a network rather than a film, as is the case with petroleum.
Though there is no scientific proof for it, beeswax is credited with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, anti-bactericidal, germicidal, skin-softening, and elasticity enhancing properties.
As an anti-oxidant, beeswax has some free-radical scavenging ability.
Depending on its source, beeswax can be considered a non-comedogenic ingredient.

Beeswax rarely causes sensitivity, and allergic reactions to beeswax are low.
Beeswax (white) is regular beeswax that has been bleached. unbleached beeswax is yellow.
Beeswax is the purified wax obtained from the honeycomb of the bee is insoluble in water and is sparingly insoluble in cold alcohol.

Beeswax is used to glaze candy, in chewing gum, in confections, and as a flavoring agent.
Candle-making has long involved the use of beeswax, which burns readily and cleanly, and this material was traditionally prescribed for the making of the Paschal candle or "Easter candle".
Beeswax candles are purported to be superior to other wax candles, because they burn brighter and longer, do not bend, and burn cleaner.

Beeswax is further recommended for the making of other candles used in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church.
Beeswax is also the candle constituent of choice in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Refined beeswax plays a prominent role in art materials both as a binder in encaustic paint and as a stabilizer in oil paint to add body.

Beeswax is an ingredient in surgical bone wax, which is used during surgery to control bleeding from bone surfaces; shoe polish and furniture polish can both use beeswax as a component, dissolved in turpentine or sometimes blended with linseed oil or tung oil; modeling waxes can also use beeswax as a component; pure beeswax can also be used as an organic surfboard wax.
Beeswax blended with pine rosin is used for waxing, and can serve as an adhesive to attach reed plates to the structure inside a squeezebox.

Beeswax can also be used to make Cutler's resin, an adhesive used to glue handles onto cutlery knives.
Beeswax is used in Eastern Europe in egg decoration; it is used for writing, via resist dyeing, on batik eggs (as in pysanky) and for making beaded eggs.
Beeswax is used by percussionists to make a surface on tambourines for thumb rolls.

Beeswax can also be used as a metal injection moulding binder component along with other polymeric binder materials.
Beeswax was formerly used in the manufacture of phonograph cylinders.
Beeswax may still be used to seal formal legal or royal decree and academic parchments such as placing an awarding stamp imprimatur of the university upon completion of postgraduate degrees.

Purified and bleached beeswax is used in the production of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
The three main types of beeswax products are yellow, white, and beeswax absolute.
Yellow beeswax is the crude product obtained from the honeycomb, white beeswax is bleached or filtered yellow beeswax, and beeswax absolute is yellow beeswax treated with alcohol.

In food preparation, Beeswax is used as a coating for cheese; by sealing out the air, protection is given against spoilage (mold growth).
Beeswax may also be used as a food additive E901, in small quantities acting as a glazing agent, which serves to prevent water loss, or used to provide surface protection for some fruits.
Soft gelatin capsules and tablet coatings may also use E901.

Beeswax is also a common ingredient of natural chewing gum. The wax monoesters in beeswax are poorly hydrolysed in the guts of humans and other mammals, so they have insignificant nutritional value.
Some birds, such as honeyguides, can digest beeswax.
Beeswax is the main diet of wax moth larvae.

The use of beeswax in skin care and cosmetics has been increasing.
A German study found beeswax to be superior to similar barrier creams (usually mineral oil-based creams such as petroleum jelly), when used according to its protocol.
Beeswax is used in lip balm, lip gloss, hand creams, salves, and moisturizers; and in cosmetics such as eye shadow, blush, and eye liner.

Beeswax is also an important ingredient in moustache wax and hair pomades, which make hair look sleek and shiny.
Beeswax was among the first plastics to be used, alongside other natural polymers such as gutta-percha, horn, tortoiseshell, and shellac.
For thousands of years, beeswax has had a wide variety of applications; it has been found in the tombs of Egypt, in wrecked Viking ships, and in Roman ruins.

Beeswax never goes bad and can be heated and reused.
Beeswax is used as a surface coating for fruit, reducing internal water loss and acting as a protective barrier against external moisture.
Beeswax can also be used as a coating for cheese, helping to prevent mould growth by sealing out the air.

In Europe, food grade Beeswax (White and Yellow, EINECS 232-383-7) is authorised as a food additive E 901.
Beeswax (CAS 8012-89-3) – the grade is not defined – is also authorised for use on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food [Commission Regulation EU 10/2011 – search for “Beeswax”].
In the US, Beeswax is a Direct Food Substance Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS): 21 CFR 184.1973.

Beeswax is sometimes mixed with Rosin or Damar and melted onto a piece of cloth to make Beeswax wraps.
Beeswax was formerly used in the manufacture of phonograph cylinders.
Beeswax may still be used to seal formal legal or royal decree and academic parchments such as placing an awarding stamp imprimatur of the university upon completion of postgraduate degrees.

Beeswax is also a common ingredient of natural chewing gum.
The wax monoesters in beeswax are poorly hydrolysed in the guts of humans and other mammals, so they have insignificant nutritional value.
Some birds, such as honeyguides, can digest beeswax.

Beeswax is one of the oldest raw ingredients used in cosmetic preparations.
Beeswax is traditionally used as an emulsifier for water-in-oil emulsions and is now also used to regulate a formulation’s consistency.
Beeswax is used as part of the wax composition of solid and paste products such as creams, lipsticks, and pomades.

When on the skin’s surface, it can form a network rather than a film, as is the case with petroleum.
Though there is no scientific proof for it, beeswax is credited with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, anti-bactericidal, germicidal, skinsoftening, and elasticity enhancing properties.
As an anti-oxidant, beeswax has some free-radical scavenging ability.

Depending on its source, beeswax can be considered a non-comedogenic ingredient.
Beeswax rarely causes sensitivity, and allergic reactions to beeswax are low.
The use of beeswax in skin care and cosmetics has been increasing.

A German study found beeswax to be superior to similar barrier creams (usually mineral oil-based creams such as petroleum jelly), when used according to its protocol.
Beeswax is used in lip balm, lip gloss, hand creams, salves, and moisturizers; and in cosmetics such as eye shadow, blush, and eye liner.
Beeswax is also an important ingredient in moustache wax and hair pomades, which make hair look sleek and shiny.

In oil spill control, beeswax is processed to create Petroleum Remediation Product (PRP).
Beeswax is used to absorb oil or petroleum-based pollutants from water
Beeswax is a food additive and is commonly used as a glazing agent for confectionery coatings.

Beeswax is also an ingredient in chewing gum.
Beeswax is used to coat tablets and capsules.
Beeswax is also an ingredient in surgical bone wax, used during surgery to control bleeding.

Beeswax is a key constituent in the manufacture of high quality candles, particularly traditional church candles, due to its flammability.
Beeswax is used in batik dying of fabrics and to strengthen and preserve sewing thread, cord, shoe laces, etc.
Beeswax is also used in polish for shoes and other leather products.

Beeswax is used as an air- and water-proof sealant and is a component of sealing wax and furniture and floor polishes.
Beeswax can also be blended with pine rosin to form an adhesive.
Beeswax is used in car polish and surfboard wax, and has traditionally been used to stamp university degrees and seal formal legal documents and Royal decrees.

Beeswax is also used as a lubricant or a component in metal injection moulding.
Beeswax also helps to insulate electronic components.
In the Art industry, Beeswax is used in drawing crayons and to make models for sculptures, decorations or jewellery, prior to being placed in a mould for lost-wax casting (cire perdu) in metal.

In the Beekeeping industry, Beeswax is used to make comb foundation, particularly where frame hives are used, and to attract swarms to empty hives.
In the Personal Care industry, Beeswax is used in skin care products such as hand creams, ointments and moisturisers, lip balm and lip gloss, as well as eye liner, eye shadow and blush.
Beeswax is also used in haircare products to increase shine.

Beeswax is primarily used to construct the hexagonal cells of honeycombs.
These cells provide storage space for honey, pollen, and the development of bee larvae.
The hexagonal shape is efficient in terms of space and material usage.

Bees store honey and pollen in the honeycomb cells, which are sealed with beeswax caps to protect the contents from contamination and dehydration.
Beeswax cells are also used for raising the brood (young bees).
The queen lays eggs in specially designated cells, and worker bees seal these cells with beeswax to protect the developing larvae.

Beeswax has insulating properties, helping to maintain the temperature within the hive.
Bees can regulate the temperature by fanning their wings to cool the hive or clustering together to generate heat.
Beeswax provides structural stability to the honeycomb, ensuring it can support the weight of stored honey and the bees within the hive.

Beeswax is commonly used to make candles because it burns cleanly, produces little smoke, and has a pleasant natural fragrance.
Beeswax is a common ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products such as lip balms, lotions, and creams due to its moisturizing and emollient properties.
Beeswax can be used as a natural wood finish and polish, providing a protective coating and a smooth, lustrous finish to wooden surfaces.

Beeswax can be used to coat cheese and as a natural food preservative, especially in some traditional food preservation methods.
Beeswax can be used to waterproof and condition leather products like boots, belts, and saddles.
Beeswax is used in encaustic painting, an ancient art form that involves mixing pigments with melted beeswax and then applying the mixture to a surface.

In the past, beeswax was used in various medical and dental applications, although its use in these fields has largely been replaced by synthetic materials.
Beeswax can be used as a natural polishing and lubricating agent for various materials, including metal, ceramics, and even zippers.
Beeswax is often used to seal and waterproof seams and stitching on outdoor gear such as tents, backpacks, and jackets, making them more weather-resistant.

In some traditional medicine systems, beeswax has been used in remedies and ointments for its soothing and protective properties.
Beeswax is used as an ingredient in certain pharmaceutical formulations, such as ointments and creams.
Dentists have used beeswax in the past to create impressions of teeth and gums for various dental procedures, although modern dental materials have largely replaced it.

Beeswax is used in soap making to add hardness and texture to soap bars and can help extend the life of the soap.
Beeswax can act as an emulsifying agent, helping to combine oil and water-based ingredients in various recipes, including homemade lotions and creams.
Beeswax is used in the art of lost-wax casting, where it serves as a model for creating metal sculptures or jewelry.

In the food industry, beeswax is sometimes used as a glazing agent on certain fruits and candies to give them a shiny appearance and protect them from moisture.
Beeswax can be used to restore and maintain antique furniture and leather items, providing protection and shine.
Beeswax candles are often used in aromatherapy and holistic practices due to their natural, subtle honey-like scent and clean-burning qualities.

Beeswax is a common ingredient in crayons, providing a smooth, vibrant medium for coloring.
An eco-friendly alternative to plastic wrap, beeswax wraps are fabric coated with a mixture of beeswax, resin, and oil, making them reusable for food storage.
Beeswax can be used as a natural polishing and lubricating agent for various materials, including metal, ceramics, and even zippers.

Beeswax is often used to seal and waterproof seams and stitching on outdoor gear such as tents, backpacks, and jackets, making them more weather-resistant.
In some traditional medicine systems, beeswax has been used in remedies and ointments for its soothing and protective properties.
Beeswax is used as an ingredient in certain pharmaceutical formulations, such as ointments and creams.

Dentists have used beeswax in the past to create impressions of teeth and gums for various dental procedures, although modern dental materials have largely replaced it.
Beeswax is used in soap making to add hardness and texture to soap bars and can help extend the life of the soap.
Beeswax can act as an emulsifying agent, helping to combine oil and water-based ingredients in various recipes, including homemade lotions and creams.

Beeswax is used in the art of lost-wax casting, where it serves as a model for creating metal sculptures or jewelry.
In the food industry, beeswax is sometimes used as a glazing agent on certain fruits and candies to give them a shiny appearance and protect them from moisture.
Beeswax can be used to restore and maintain antique furniture and leather items, providing protection and shine.

Beeswax candles are often used in aromatherapy and holistic practices due to their natural, subtle honey-like scent and clean-burning qualities.
Beeswax is a common ingredient in crayons, providing a smooth, vibrant medium for coloring.
An eco-friendly alternative to plastic wrap, beeswax wraps are fabric coated with a mixture of beeswax, resin, and oil, making them reusable for food storage.

Safety Profile Of Beeswax:
Some individuals may be allergic to beeswax, although such allergies are relatively rare.
Allergic reactions can range from mild skin irritation to more severe symptoms like itching, redness, swelling, or even anaphylaxis in extreme cases.
Beeswax's advisable to perform a patch test before using beeswax-based products on the skin.

Beeswax is flammable and can catch fire if exposed to an open flame or high heat.
When melting beeswax for crafting or candle making, it should be done with care using proper equipment to avoid accidents.
When overheated, beeswax can release potentially harmful fumes.

Beeswax's important to melt beeswax in a well-ventilated area and avoid inhaling the fumes.
Molten beeswax can cause severe burns if it comes into contact with the skin.
Proper handling and caution should be exercised when working with hot beeswax.

Beeswax products, such as candles and wax melts, should be kept out of reach of children and pets.
Ingesting or playing with beeswax products can lead to choking or other hazards.
Beeswax can sometimes be contaminated with pesticides, herbicides, or other chemicals if bees forage in areas with heavy agricultural chemical use.

To avoid potential contaminants, Beeswax's advisable to source beeswax from reputable suppliers who follow quality and purity standards.
While not toxic, some individuals may experience skin sensitivity or irritation when using products containing beeswax.

Synonyms
PPG-4-Ceteth-20
37311-01-6
9087-53-0
hexadecan-1-ol;2-methyloxirane;oxirane
Triglyceryl beeswax
PPG-1-Ceteth-5
PPG-2-Ceteth-1
PPG-2-Ceteth-5
PPG-4-Ceteth-5
PPG-8-Ceteth-2
PPG-1-Ceteth-20
PPG-4-Ceteth-10
PPG-5-Ceteth-20
PPG-8-Ceteth-10
PPG-8-Ceteth-20
SCHEMBL285156
UNII-1OTA54V264
GTABBGRXERZUAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C16-H34-O.(C3H6-O.C2-H4-O)x-
C16-H34-O.x-(C3H6-O.C2-H4-O)x-