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EC / List no.: 215-108-5
CAS no.: 1302-78-9
Bentonite (/ˈbɛntənaɪt/) is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.
Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash in seawater, which converts the volcanic glass present in the ash to clay minerals.
Bentonite beds are white or pale blue or green in fresh exposures, turning to a cream color and then yellow, red, or brown as the exposure is weathered further.
As a swelling clay, bentonite has the ability to absorb large quantities of water, which increases its volume by up to a factor of eight.
This makes bentonite beds unsuitable for building and road construction.
However, the swelling property is used to advantage in drilling mud and groundwater sealants.
The montmorillonite making up bentonite is an aluminium phyllosilicate mineral, which takes the form of microscopic platy grains.
These give the clay a very large total surface area, making bentonite a valuable adsorbent.
The plates also adhere to each other when wet.
This gives the clay a cohesiveness that makes it useful as a binder and as an additive to improve the plasticity of kaolinite clay used for pottery.
One of the first findings of bentonite was in the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming.
The Fort Benton Group, along with others in stratigraphic succession, was named after Fort Benton, Montana, in the mid-19th century by Fielding Bradford Meek and F. V. Hayden of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Bentonite has since been found in many other locations, including China and Greece. Total worldwide production of bentonite in 2018 was 20,400,000 metric tons
Types
In geology, the term bentonite is applied to a type of claystone composed mostly of montmorillonite.
Bentonite forms by devitrification of volcanic ash or tuff, typically in a marine environment.
This results in a very soft, porous rock that may contain residual crystals of more resistant minerals, and which feels soapy or greasy to the touch.
However, in commerce, the term bentonite is used more generally to refer to any swelling clay composed mostly of smectite clay minerals, which includes montmorillonite.
The montmorillonite making up bentonite is an aluminium phyllosilicate mineral whose crystal structure is described as low-charge TOT.
This means that a crystal of montmorillonite consists of layers, each of which is made up of two T sheets bonded to either side of an O sheet.
The T sheets are so called because each aluminium or silicon ion in the sheet is surrounded by four oxygen ions arranged as a tetrahedron.
The O sheets are so called because each aluminium ion is surrounded by six oxygen or hydroxyl ions arranged as an octahedron.
The complete TOT layer has a weak negative electrical charge, and this is neutralized by calcium or sodium cations that bind adjacent layers together, with a distance between layers of about 1 nanometer.
Because the negative charge is weak, only a fraction of the possible cation sites on the surface of a TOT layer actually contain calcium or sodium.
Water molecules can easily infiltrate between sheets and fill the remaining sites.
This accounts for the swelling property of montmorillonite and other smectite clay minerals.
The different types of bentonite are each named after the respective dominant cation.
For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite are recognized: sodium and calcium bentonite.
Sodium bentonite is the more valuable but calcium bentonite is more common.
In stratigraphy and tephrochronology, completely devitrified (weathered volcanic glass) ash-fall beds are commonly referred to as K-bentonites when the dominant clay species is illite.
Sodium bentonite
Sodium bentonite expands when wet, absorbing as much as several times its dry mass in water.
Because of its excellent colloidal properties, it is often used in drilling mud for oil and gas wells and boreholes for geotechnical and environmental investigations.
The property of swelling also makes sodium bentonite useful as a sealant, since it provides a self-sealing, low permeability barrier.
Bentonite is used to line the base of landfills, for example.
Bentonite is also part of the backfill material used at the Waste Isolation Pilot Project.
Various surface modifications to sodium bentonite improve some rheological or sealing performance in geoenvironmental applications, for example, the addition of polymers.
Sodium bentonite can be combined with sulfur as fertilizer prills.
These permit slow oxidation of the sulfur to sulfate, an important plant nutrient, and maintain sulfate levels in rainfall-leached soil longer than either pure powdered sulfur or gypsum.
Sulfur/bentonite pads with added organic fertilizers have been used for organic farming.
Calcium bentonite
Calcium bentonite is a useful adsorbent of ions in solution, as well as fats and oils. Bentonite is the main active ingredient of fuller's earth, probably one of the earliest industrial cleaning agents.
Calcium bentonite may be converted to sodium bentonite (termed sodium beneficiation or sodium activation) to exhibit many of sodium bentonite's properties by an ion exchange process.
As commonly practiced, this means adding 5–10% of a soluble sodium salt such as sodium carbonate to wet bentonite, mixing well, and allowing time for the ion exchange to take place and water to remove the exchanged calcium.
Some properties, such as viscosity and fluid loss of suspensions, of sodium-beneficiated calcium bentonite (or sodium-activated bentonite) may not be fully equivalent to those of natural sodium bentonite
For example, residual calcium carbonates (formed if exchanged cations are insufficiently removed) may result in inferior performance of the bentonite in geosynthetic liners.
Potassium bentonite
Also known as potash bentonite or K-bentonite, potassium bentonite is a potassium-rich illitic clay formed from alteration of smectic clay.
Illite is a high-charge TOT clay mineral, in which sheets are bound relatively strongly by more numerous potassium ions, and so it is not a swelling clay and has few industrial uses.
Uses:
The main uses of bentonite are in drilling mud and as a binder, purifier, absorbent, and carrier for fertilizers or pesticides. As of around 1990, almost half of the US production of bentonite was used as drilling mud.
Minor uses include filler, sealant, and catalyst in petroleum refining.
Calcium bentonite is sometimes marketed as fuller's earth, whose uses overlap with those of other forms of bentonite.
Drilling mud
Bentonite is used in drilling mud to lubricate and cool the cutting tools, to remove cuttings, and to help prevent blowouts. Bentonite also curtails drilling fluid invasion by its propensity for aiding in the formation of mud cake.
Much of bentonite's usefulness in the drilling and geotechnical engineering industry comes from its unique rheological properties. Relatively small quantities of bentonite suspended in water form a viscous, shear-thinning material.
Most often, bentonite suspensions are also thixotropic, although rare cases of rheopectic behavior have also been reported.
At high enough concentrations (about 60 grams of bentonite per litre of suspension), bentonite suspensions begin to take on the characteristics of a gel (a fluid with a minimum yield strength required to make it move).
Binder
Bentonite has been widely used as a foundry-sand bond in iron and steel foundries.
Sodium bentonite is most commonly used for large castings that use dry molds, while calcium bentonite is more commonly used for smaller castings that use "green" or wet molds.
Bentonite is also used as a binding agent in the manufacture of iron ore (taconite) pellets as used in the steelmaking industry.
Bentonite, in small percentages, is used as an ingredient in commercial and homemade clay bodies and ceramic glazes.
Bentonite greatly increases the plasticity of clay bodies and decreases settling in glazes, making both easier to work with for most applications.
The ionic surface of bentonite has a useful property in making a sticky coating on sand grains.
When a small proportion of finely ground bentonite clay is added to hard sand and wetted, the clay binds the sand particles into a moldable aggregate known as green sand used for making molds in sand casting.
Some river deltas naturally deposit just such a blend of clay silt and sand, creating a natural source of excellent molding sand that was critical to ancient metalworking technology.
Modern chemical processes to modify the ionic surface of bentonite greatly intensify this stickiness, resulting in remarkably dough-like yet strong casting sand mixes that stand up to molten metal temperatures.
The same effluvial deposition of bentonite clay onto beaches accounts for the variety of plasticity of sand from place to place for building sand castles.
Beach sand consisting of only silica and shell grains does not mold well compared to grains coated with bentonite clay. This is why some beaches are much better for building sandcastles than others.
The self-stickiness of bentonite allows high-pressure ramming or pressing of the clay in molds to produce hard, refractory shapes, such as model rocket nozzles.
Purification
Bentonites are used for decolorizing various mineral, vegetable, and animal oils.
They are also used for clarifying wine, liquor, cider, beer, mead, and vinegar.
Bentonite has the property of adsorbing relatively large amounts of protein molecules from aqueous solutions. Consequently, bentonite is uniquely useful in the process of winemaking, where it is used to remove excessive amounts of protein from white wines.
Were it not for this use of bentonite, many or most white wines would precipitate undesirable flocculent clouds or hazes upon exposure to warm temperatures, as these proteins denature.
Bentonite also has the incidental use of inducing more rapid clarification of both red and white wines.
Bentonite is also considered an effective low-cost adsorbent for the removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions (contaminated wastewater).
Absorbent
Bentonite is used in a variety of pet care items such as cat litter to absorb pet waste.
Bentonite is also used to absorb oils and grease.
Carrier
Bentonite is used as an inert carrier for pesticides, fertilizer, and fire retardants.
Bentonite helps ensure that the active agent is uniformly dispersed and that pesticides and fertilizers are retained on the plants.
Filler
Bentonite is used as a filler in a wide variety of products, including adhesives, cosmetics, paint, rubber, and soaps. Bentonite also acts as a stabilizer and extender in these products.
Sealant
The property of swelling on contact with water makes sodium bentonite useful as a sealant since it provides a self-sealing, low-permeability barrier.
Bentonite is used to line the base of landfills to prevent migration of leachate, for quarantining metal pollutants of groundwater, and for the sealing of subsurface disposal systems for spent nuclear fuel.
Similar uses include making slurry walls, waterproofing of below-grade walls, and forming other impermeable barriers, e.g., to seal off the annulus of a water well, to plug old wells.
Bentonite can also be "sandwiched" between synthetic materials to create geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) for the aforementioned purposes.
This technique allows for more convenient transport and installation, and it greatly reduces the volume of bentonite required.
Bentonite is also used to form a barrier around newly planted trees to constrain root growth so as to prevent damage to nearby pipes, footpaths, and other infrastructure.
Farmers use bentonite to seal retention ponds and line canals.
Catalyst
High-purity calcium bentonite is treated with acid for use as a catalyst in cracking heavy petroleum fractions.
Medical
Bentonite has been prescribed as a bulk laxative, and it is also used as a base for many dermatologic formulas.
Granular bentonite is being studied for use in battlefield wound dressings.
Bentonite is also sold online and in retail outlets for a variety of indications.
Bentoquatam is a bentonate-based topical medication intended to act as a shield against exposure to urushiol, the oil found in plants such as poison ivy or poison oak.
Bentonite can also be used as a desiccant due to its adsorption properties.
Bentonite desiccants have been successfully used to protect pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and diagnostic products from moisture degradation and extend shelf life.
In fact, in the most common package environments, bentonite desiccants offer a higher adsorption capacity than silica gel desiccants.
Bentonite complies with the FDA for contact with food and drugs.
Bentonite slurry walls in modern construction
Bentonite slurry walls (also known as diaphragm walls ) are used in construction, where the slurry wall is a trench filled with a thick colloidal mixture of bentonite and water.
A trench that would collapse due to the hydraulic pressure in the surrounding soil does not collapse as the slurry balances the hydraulic pressure.
Forms for concrete, and rebar, can be assembled in a slurry-filled trench, and then have concrete poured into the form.
The liquid concrete being denser displaces the less-dense bentonite slurry and causes the latter to overflow from the trench.
This displaced bentonite slurry is then channeled to a recycling unit from which it can subsequently be reused in a new trench elsewhere on the construction site.
In addition, because the colloid is relatively impervious to water, a slurry wall can prevent the seepage of groundwater, which is useful in preventing the further spread of groundwater that has been contaminated by toxic material such as industrial waste.
Pottery
The clay from which pottery is made is described as "plastic" if it can be stretched without cracking, or "short" or non-plastic if it tends to break up when formed.
A small amount of bentonite is often added to make a clay mixture more plastic.
This makes the clay more easily formed, by methods such as throwing on a potter's wheel and various hand-building techniques.
Short clay, such as a porcelain mixture consisting only of kaolinite and feldspar, can be formed only by a limited set of methods such as pressing and molding, that do not put the clay under tension.
However, bentonite typically contains minerals that affect the color of the mix, and its swelling absorbent properties can make such a mix prone to significant shrinkage and potential cracking as it dries.
Ceramic glazes often contain bentonite.
The bentonite is added to slow or prevent the settling of the glazes.
Bentonite can also improve the consistency of application of glazes on porous biscuit-fired ware.
Once a certain amount of glaze water has been absorbed by the biscuit the bentonite effectively clogs the pores and resists the absorption of further water resulting in a more evenly thick coat.
Uses:
• Drilling mud
• foundry binders
• iron ore pelletizing
• cat litter
• sealants
• animal feed binders
• paint
• agricultural carriers
• nanoclays
• industrial oil absorbants
• bleaching clays
• catalysts
• detergents
• ceramics
• cosmetics
• dessicants
• crayons
• medical formulations
• beer and wine clarification
• suspension aids
• de-inking on paper
• tape joint compounds
• emulsion stabilizers
• slurry trench excavation
• adhesives
• pharmaceuticals
• organoclays
• Oil-well drilling fluids
• cement slurries for oil-well casings
• bonding agent in foundry sands and pelletizing of iron ores
• sealant for canal walls
• thickener in lubricating greases and fireproofing compositions
• cosmetics
• decolorizing agent
• filler in ceramics, refractories, paper coatings
• asphalt modifier
• polishes and abrasives
• food additive
• catalyst support
Industry Uses
• Adsorbents and absorbents
• Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
• Fillers
• Lubricants and lubricant additives
• Surface active agents
Consumer Uses
• Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
• Fuels and related products
• Laundry and dishwashing products
• Lubricants and greases
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
• Auto Products
• Home Maintenance
• Inside the Home
• Landscaping/Yard
• Personal Care
• Pet Care
General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
• Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
• Construction
• Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
• Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
• Petroleum refineries
• Transportation equipment manufacturing
• Wholesale and retail trade
Bentonite is a rock formed of highly colloidal and plastic clays composed mainly of montmorillonite, a clay mineral of the smectite group, and is produced by in situ devitrification of volcanic ash.
In addition to montmorillonite, bentonite may contain feldspar, cristobalite, and crystalline quartz.
The special properties of bentonite are an ability to form thixotrophic gels with water, an ability to absorb large quantities of water, and a high cation exchange capacity.
The properties of bentonite are derived from the crystal structure of the smectite group, which is an octahedral alumina sheet between two tetrahedral silica sheets.
Variations in interstitial water and exchangeable cations in the interlayer space affect the properties of bentonite and thus the commercial uses of the different types of bentonite.
By extension, the term bentonite is applied commercially to any clay with similar properties.
Fuller's earth is often a bentonite.
Bentonites in which sodium montmorillonites are the major mineral constituent commonly have a high swelling capacity.
The largest and highest quality sodium bentonite deposits in the world are located in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
These clays are commonly called Western or Wyoming bentonites.
Smectite is the name for a group of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, lithium aluminum silicates, which include the individual minerals sodium montmorillonite, calcium montmorillonite, nontronite, saponite, and hectorite.
The rock in which these smectite minerals are usually dominant is bentonite.
The name bentonite was first suggested in 1898 and is the term commonly used to describe the industrial mineral.
The term bentonite was defined and restricted it to a clay material altered from a glassy igneous material, usually a tuff or volcanic ash.
Bentonite has been suggested that bentonite is any clay composed dominantly of a smectite clay mineral and whose physical properties are dictated by this clay mineral.
There are many clays designated as bentonite that did not originate by the alteration of volcanic ash or tuff.
Therefore, the term bentonite usually does not include the mode of origin.
IDENTIFICATION:
Bentonite is a rock formed of highly colloidal and plastic clays composed mainly of montmorillonite and produced in situ devitrification of volcanic ash.
Bentonite may contain feldspar, cristobalite and crystaline quartz.
Major uses of bentonite include binding foundry sand in molds, absorbing grease, oil and animal wastes; palletizing taconite iron ore and improving the properties of drilling muds.
Bentonite is used as an ingredient in ceramics, water proofing and sealing in civil engineering projects such as landfill sites and nuclear waste repositories, serving as a filter, stabilizer or extender in adhesives, paints, cosmetics and medicines.
Bentonite is used as a bonding agent in animal feed, carrier for pesticides, clarifying wine and vegetable oil and purifying waste water.
Bentonite is a clay generated frequently from the alteration of volcanic ash, consisting predominantly of smectite minerals, usually montmorillonite.
Other smectite group minerals include hectorite, saponite, beidelite and nontronite.
Smectites are clay minerals, i.e. they consist of individual crystallites the majority of which are <2µm in largest dimension.
Smectite crystallites themselves are three-layer clay minerals.
They consist of two tetrahedral layers and one octahedral layer.
In montmorillonite tetrahedral layers consisting of [SiO4] - tetrahedrons enclose the [M(O5,OH)]-octahedron layer (M = and mainly Al, Mg, but Fe is also often found).
The silicate layers have a slight negative charge that is compensated by exchangeable ions in the intercrystallite region.
The charge is so weak that the cations (in natural form, predominantly Ca2+, Mg2+ or Na+ ions) can be adsorbed in this region with their hydrate shell.
The extent of hydration produces intercrystalline swelling.
Depending on the nature of their genesis, bentonites contain a variety of accessory minerals in addition to montmorillonite.
These minerals may include quartz, feldspar, calcite and gypsum.
The presence of these minerals can impact the industrial value of a deposit, reducing or increasing its value depending on the application.
Bentonite presents strong colloidal properties and its volume increases several times when coming into contact with water, creating a gelatinous and viscous fluid.
The special properties of bentonite (hydration, swelling, water absorption, viscosity, thixotropy) make it a valuable material for a wide range of uses and applications.
Chemical Properties
gel, or solid if dry
Bentonite is a light yellow, creamy, pale brown or gray to black powder or granules.
Bentonite is a crystalline, claylike mineral, and is available as an odorless, pale buff, or cream to grayish-colored fine powder, which is free from grit.
It consists of particles about 50–150 mm in size along with numerous particles about 1–2μm.
Microscopic examination of samples stained with alcoholic methylene blue solution reveals strongly stained blue particles.
Bentonite may have a slight earthy taste.
Uses:
Bentonite is a general purpose additive that is used as a pigment and colorant and to clarify and stabilize wine.
filler in cosmetics and other products, gel, or solid if dry
As of Fuller's earth; as emulsifier for oils; as a base for plasters.
Pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent).
bentonite (bentonite clay) is used to regulate the viscosity and suspension properties of a cosmetic formulation.
It also acts as an overall formula stabilizer.
Bentonite’s water-absorption capabilities allow it to form a gelatinous mass.
Considered a noncomedogenic raw material, bentonite is a colloidal aluminum silicate clay.
Production Methods Bentonite is a native, colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate, found in regions of Canada and the USA.
The mined ore is processed to remove grit and nonswelling materials so that it is suitable for pharmaceutical applications.
Definition
A type of clay that is used as an adsorbent in making paper.
The gelatinous suspension it forms with water is used to bind together the sand for making iron castings.
Chemically bentonite is an aluminosilicate of variable composition.
General Description
Bentonite is comprised primarily of the smectite group (montmorillonite) of clay minerals. It is widely used in various industrial applications such as clarification of edible and mineral oils, paints, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as an adsorbent for the elimination of pollutants from wastewater.
The swelling property of bentonite is used to produce viscous water suspensions for bonding, plasticizing, and suspending applications.
The presence of a large surface area of bentonite is due to the colloidal dispersion of the particles is the main reason for its application as an insecticide carrier, an emulsifier, and an emulsion stabilizer.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Bentonite is a naturally occurring hydrated aluminum silicate used primarily in the formulation of suspensions, gels, and sols, for topical pharmaceutical applications.
It is also used to suspend powders in aqueous preparations and to prepare cream bases containing oil-in-water emulsifying agents.
Bentonite may also be used in oral pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, and food products.
In oral preparations, bentonite, and other similar silicate clays, can be used to adsorb cationic drugs and so retard their release.
Adsorbents are also used to mask the taste of certain drugs.
Bentonite has been investigated as a diagnostic agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
Therapeutically, bentonite has been investigated as an adsorbent for lithium poisoning.
Agricultural Uses:
Bentonite, also known as montmorillonite, volcanic clay, soap clay and amargosite, is a soft, plastic, lightcolored, porous rock consisting largely of colloidal silica.
Composed essentially of clay minerals, it swells extensively when wet.
Bentonite belongs chiefly to the montmorillonite group and has two varieties:
(a) sodium bentonite, with a high swelling capacity in water, and
(b) calcium bentonite, with negligible swelling capacity.
Bentonite is used variously as a suspending aid, a gelatinous slurry to extinguish fire, a paint thickener, and as a sealant for earthen pots.
Bentonite is also widely used in metallurgy, soap manufacture, and in petroleum refining because of its high decolorizing power and strong adsorbing capacity.
Agricultural Uses
Clays exist in many forms, of which montmorillonite is one form.
Kaolinite and montmorillonite, which are clay minerals, have different layer structures with differing abilities to absorb and retain water, and to adsorb and exchange cations.
Montmorillonites have an expanding structure (2: 1) and have high cation exchange capacity (80 to 120 mg per 100 g). They have abundant black clay soils. Other minerals in this group are biedellite and nontronite.
storage
Bentonite is hygroscopic, and sorption of atmospheric water should be avoided.
Aqueous bentonite suspensions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
The solid material may be sterilized by maintaining it at 1708℃ for 1 hour after drying at 1008℃.
Bentonite should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.
Incompatibilities
Substance is a weak acid in water; avoid contact with strong alkaline material.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Incompatibilities
Aqueous bentonite suspensions retain their viscosity above pH 6, but are precipitated by acids.
Acid-washed bentonite does not have suspending properties.
The addition of alkaline materials, such as magnesium oxide, increases gel formation.
Addition of significant amounts of alcohol to aqueous preparations will precipitate bentonite, primarily by dehydration of the lattice structure.
Bentonite particles are negatively charged and flocculation occurs when electrolytes or positively charged suspensions are added.
Bentonite is thus said to be incompatible with strong electrolytes, although this effect is sometimes used beneficially to clarify turbid liquids.
The antimicrobial efficacy of cationic preservatives may be reduced in aqueous bentonite suspensions, but nonionic and anionic preservatives are unaffected.
Bentonite is incompatible with acriflavine hydrochloride.
IUPAC NAMES:
bentonit
BENTONITE
Bentonite
bentonite
Bentonite
BENTONITE CLAY
dioxosilane
dioxosilane; oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane; hydrate
nitrilotriethane-2,1-diyl trinitrate
Sodium bentonite
SYNONYMS:
Trolnitrate
7077-34-1
1302-78-9
2-[bis(2-nitrooxyethyl)amino]ethyl nitrate
UNII-B9M85U075P
B9M85U075P
NCGC00182985-01
Trolnitrate [INN]
trolnitrat
Trolnitrato
Trolnitratum
Trolnitratum [INN-Latin]
Trolnitrato [INN-Spanish]
2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethylnitrat
Triethanolaminotrisalpetersaeureester
EINECS 230-376-3
2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol trinitrate
DSSTox_CID_3722
DSSTox_RID_7716
DSSTox_GSID_23722
2,2',2''-Nitrilotrisethanol, trinitrate (ester)
SCHEMBL362506
CHEMBL2111164
DTXSID7023722
CHEBI:135172
Tox21_113331
nitrilotriethane-2,1-diyl trinitrate
ZINC32709512
DB13719
CAS-7077-34-1
Bentonite powder (Montmorillonite) pH 7.0 - 10.5
Q7845303
W-111015
MONTMORILLONITE
BENTONITE MAGMA
BENTONITE
BENTONITE (SODIUM FORM)
FULLERS EARTH
KWK KRYSTAL KLEAR
albagelpremiumusp4444
pengruntu
Dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane hydrate
bentonite,sodiummontmorillonite
bentonite2073
Bentonite812,organic
bentonitepowder
colloidalclay
hi-jel
imvitei.g.b.a
magbond
otaylite
panthercreekbentonite
southernbentonite
tixoton
volcalybentonitebc
volclay
wilkinite
wilkonite
Denver clay
Paper clay
Nanomer? PGV
BENTONITE-SFRESEARCH GRADE
Bentonite 27
Fisherbrand? Humidity Sponge? Dessicant
VOLCLAY? SPV
Optigel WM
CI 77004
NANOCLAY, NANOMER PGV&
BENTONITE SELECTED FOR COAGULATION FACTORS ADSORPTION
SUPERFINE ACTIVE BENTONITE 30-80 NM
BentonitePowder(AluminiumSilicateHydrate)
BENTONITE,POWDER,NF
BENTONITE,POWDER,TECHNICAL
ALKALINEACTIVATEDBENTONITE
CALCIUMBENTONITE
BENTONITE,CALCIUM-
MONTMORILLONITECLAY
ACIDICACTIVATEDBENTONITE
ORGANICACTIVATEDBENTONITE
ENVIROCAT EPAD
Bentonite dust
Bentonite Clay, Fine Powder
Montmorillonite, Optigel WM
Montmorillinite clay, bentonite, Nanomer(R) clay, Nanomer(R) PGV
Nanoclay, hydrophilic bentonite
Montmorillonite, Tixogel VP
Mud bentonite
Bentonite ISO 9001：2015 REACH
Bentonite Nanoclay
iron(II) modified bentonite
