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Benzotriazole is an aromatic heterocyclic compound composed of a benzene ring fused with a three-nitrogen triazole ring.
Benzotriazole is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor and metal-passivating agent, particularly for copper, brass, bronze, and related alloys.
Benzotriazole forms a protective surface complex on metals and is incorporated into metalworking fluids, cooling systems, antifreeze formulations, detergents, coatings, and industrial process chemicals.
CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
Molecular Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol
Synonyms: 1H-Benzotriazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole, Benzene Azimide, Benzotriazol, BTA, BZT, 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazol, Aziminobenzene, Benzene-1,2,3-Triazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor, Copper Corrosion Inhibitor BTA, Benzotriazole Metal Passivator, Benzotriazole Industrial Grade, Benzotriazole Technical Grade, BTA Corrosion Inhibitor, Copper Passivator BTA, Benzotriazole Antitarnish Agent, Benzotriazole Metal Deactivator, Benzotriazole, BTA, 1H-Benzotriazole, 1,2,3-Benzotriazole, Azimidobenzene, Benzisotriazole, Benzotriazol, Benzo-1,2,3-triazole, 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 1,2,3-Triazaindene, Benzotriazole Corrosion Inhibitor, BTA Corrosion Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Copper Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Metal Passivator, Benzotriazole Antirust Agent, Benzotriazole Anti-Corrosion Agent, Benzotriazole Rust Preventive, Benzotriazole Scale Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Cooling Water Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Water Treatment Chemical, Benzotriazole Industrial Grade, Benzotriazole Technical Grade, Benzotriazole Chemical Grade, Benzotriazole Reagent Grade, Benzotriazole High Purity, High Purity Benzotriazole, Benzotriazole Pure, Pure Benzotriazole, Benzotriazole Powder, Benzotriazole Granules, Benzotriazole Crystals, Benzotriazole Solid, Benzotriazole Intermediate, Benzotriazole Synthesis Grade, Benzotriazole for Synthesis, Benzotriazole Stabilizer, Benzotriazole UV Stabilizer Intermediate, Benzotriazole Copper Passivator, Benzotriazole Brass Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Silver Inhibitor, Benzotriazole Zinc Inhibitor
APPLICATIONS
Benzotriazole is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper-containing alloys.
Benzotriazole is applied to brass surfaces to reduce oxidation, discoloration, and surface deterioration.
Benzotriazole is used to protect bronze components from atmospheric and aqueous corrosion.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into metalworking fluids to protect copper-containing machine components.
Benzotriazole is used in cutting fluids to minimize corrosion of tools, workpieces, and circulation equipment.
Benzotriazole is added to grinding fluids to provide protection for non-ferrous metal surfaces.
Benzotriazole is used in water-based machining lubricants as a copper and brass passivator.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into synthetic metalworking fluids to improve multimetal compatibility.
Benzotriazole is used in semi-synthetic coolants to prevent staining of copper alloys.
Benzotriazole is applied in closed-loop cooling-water systems to control corrosion of copper tubing.
Benzotriazole is used in industrial recirculating-water systems to protect copper heat exchangers.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into cooling-tower treatment formulations for non-ferrous metal protection.
Benzotriazole is used in chilled-water systems to inhibit corrosion of copper and brass components.
Benzotriazole is applied in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning water circuits containing copper alloys.
Benzotriazole is used in boiler-water treatment formulations where copper-bearing components require protection.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into automotive antifreeze and coolant formulations as a metal corrosion inhibitor.
Benzotriazole is used in engine coolants to protect radiators, heater cores, and copper-containing components.
Benzotriazole is added to glycol-based heat-transfer fluids to reduce corrosion during long-term circulation.
Benzotriazole is used in ethylene glycol formulations intended for industrial cooling applications.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into propylene glycol heat-transfer fluids used in closed systems.
Benzotriazole is used in solar thermal fluids to protect metallic circulation components.
Benzotriazole is applied in refrigeration brines to protect copper-containing equipment.
Benzotriazole is used in industrial process coolants exposed to mixed-metal systems.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into geothermal heat-transfer fluids for corrosion control.
Benzotriazole is used in automatic dishwashing detergents to reduce tarnishing of metal utensils.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into institutional dishwashing formulations for silver and copper protection.
Benzotriazole is added to detergent tablets to reduce discoloration of metallic items during washing.
Benzotriazole is used in rinse-aid formulations where metal-surface protection is required.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into specialty cleaning products for copper, brass, and bronze.
Benzotriazole is used in alkaline cleaning formulations to reduce attack on copper-containing substrates.
Benzotriazole is included in industrial degreasers intended for equipment containing non-ferrous metals.
Benzotriazole is used in aqueous parts-cleaning solutions to prevent flash corrosion after cleaning.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into precision-cleaning formulations for metal components.
Benzotriazole is used in copper-cleaning processes to provide temporary protection after oxide removal.
Benzotriazole is applied in brass-cleaning formulations to reduce rapid retarnishing.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into metal-polishing compounds to extend surface brightness.
Benzotriazole is used in tarnish-removing formulations followed by passivation of the cleaned surface.
Benzotriazole is applied as an antitarnish treatment for decorative copper articles.
Benzotriazole is used to preserve the appearance of brass fixtures and architectural components.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into protective coatings for copper and copper-alloy surfaces.
Benzotriazole is used in clear lacquers to improve corrosion resistance over copper substrates.
Benzotriazole is added to primers intended for application on non-ferrous metals.
Benzotriazole is used in temporary protective coatings for metal components during storage.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into solvent-borne coatings for improved copper passivation.
Benzotriazole is used in waterborne coating systems designed for brass and bronze surfaces.
Benzotriazole is applied in protective waxes for copper artifacts and decorative metalwork.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into corrosion-preventive oils for equipment containing copper alloys.
Benzotriazole is used in rust-preventive formulations where yellow-metal compatibility is required.
Benzotriazole is used in lubricating oils as a copper corrosion inhibitor and metal deactivator.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into industrial gear oils to protect copper-containing bearings and bushings.
Benzotriazole is used in hydraulic fluids to minimize corrosion of brass and bronze components.
Benzotriazole is added to turbine oils to reduce catalytic effects associated with dissolved copper.
Benzotriazole is used in compressor lubricants to protect copper-containing internal parts.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into circulating oils for improved non-ferrous metal compatibility.
Benzotriazole is used in transformer and insulating fluids as a copper-passivating additive.
Benzotriazole is applied in electrical insulating oils to reduce reactions involving copper conductors.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into specialty dielectric-fluid additive packages.
Benzotriazole is used in grease formulations to protect brass cages, bronze bushings, and copper alloys.
Benzotriazole is added to automotive lubricants as part of corrosion-inhibitor packages.
Benzotriazole is used in marine lubricants where copper-alloy components contact oil or moisture.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into fuel additive systems as a metal deactivating component.
Benzotriazole is used to reduce copper-catalyzed oxidation in selected hydrocarbon formulations.
Benzotriazole is applied in specialty petroleum products requiring yellow-metal protection.
Benzotriazole is used in printed circuit board manufacturing to protect exposed copper surfaces.
Benzotriazole is applied during electronic-component processing to reduce copper oxidation.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into aqueous electronics-cleaning systems as a copper passivator.
Benzotriazole is used in copper-foil treatment processes to improve temporary oxidation resistance.
Benzotriazole is applied to electronic connectors containing copper or copper alloys.
Benzotriazole is used in storage treatments for copper-clad laminates.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into post-etch rinses used in printed circuit processing.
Benzotriazole is used in microelectronic cleaning formulations to control attack on copper features.
Benzotriazole is applied in selected semiconductor-processing solutions as a copper corrosion inhibitor.
Benzotriazole is used in chemical mechanical planarization formulations to regulate copper dissolution.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into copper-polishing slurries to improve surface selectivity.
Benzotriazole is used during precision copper processing to form a temporary passivating film.
Benzotriazole is applied in electroplating operations to control corrosion between processing stages.
Benzotriazole is used in copper-plating baths and post-treatment systems where surface passivation is required.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into metal-finishing rinses to reduce staining during drying.
Benzotriazole is used in electroless copper-processing systems as a surface-control additive.
Benzotriazole is applied in metal-treatment baths to moderate copper reactivity.
Benzotriazole is used in anodizing and finishing facilities handling mixed-metal equipment.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into photographic-processing solutions to reduce metal corrosion.
Benzotriazole is used as an antifoggant and restrainer in selected photographic formulations.
Benzotriazole is applied in silver-halide photographic processes to control unwanted image fog.
Benzotriazole is used in black-and-white photographic developers as a development restrainer.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into specialty photographic chemicals requiring controlled silver development.
Benzotriazole is used in technical imaging processes to improve image clarity and stability.
Benzotriazole is applied in art conservation to stabilize archaeological copper and bronze objects.
Benzotriazole is used by conservators to reduce active corrosion on copper-based cultural artifacts.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into preservation treatments for historical bronze sculptures.
Benzotriazole is used in museum conservation for copper coins, tools, ornaments, and decorative objects.
Benzotriazole is applied to excavated copper alloys after cleaning and desalination treatments.
Benzotriazole is used in restoration procedures to slow the recurrence of bronze disease.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into conservation coatings to reinforce protection of treated artifacts.
Benzotriazole is applied in archaeological laboratories as a copper-complexing passivator.
Benzotriazole is used in heritage-metal preservation where minimal visual change is required.
Benzotriazole is used in construction-related protective treatments for copper roofs and architectural details.
Benzotriazole is applied to copper façades to reduce uneven tarnishing during installation.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into protective products for brass hardware and building fittings.
Benzotriazole is used in plumbing-system treatment products where copper corrosion must be controlled.
Benzotriazole is applied in industrial water systems containing copper pipes and fittings.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into leak-testing fluids to reduce corrosion of metal components.
Benzotriazole is used in pressure-testing solutions for equipment containing brass and bronze parts.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into hydrostatic test fluids to provide temporary corrosion protection.
Benzotriazole is used in fire-protection water systems containing copper-based components.
Benzotriazole is applied in industrial descaling formulations to reduce attack on copper surfaces.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into acid-cleaning inhibitor packages for mixed-metal equipment.
Benzotriazole is used during chemical cleaning of heat exchangers containing copper alloys.
Benzotriazole is used in pickling and surface-treatment formulations to moderate copper dissolution.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into process chemicals for copper-wire and copper-tube manufacturing.
Benzotriazole is applied in intermediate rinses to prevent oxidation before subsequent processing.
Benzotriazole is used in wire-drawing lubricants for copper and brass products.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into tube-forming lubricants to protect copper surfaces.
Benzotriazole is used in stamping and forming fluids for yellow-metal components.
Benzotriazole is added to rolling oils used in copper-sheet and copper-foil production.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into polishing fluids used for precision brass components.
Benzotriazole is used in lapping compounds where copper-containing surfaces require protection.
Benzotriazole is employed as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of specialty organic compounds.
Benzotriazole is used as a starting material for substituted benzotriazole derivatives.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into research synthesis involving heterocyclic chemistry.
Benzotriazole is used in pharmaceutical and fine-chemical research as a versatile synthetic building block.
Benzotriazole is employed in laboratory reactions as an activating, directing, or leaving-group component.
Benzotriazole is used to prepare benzotriazole-based intermediates for further functionalization.
Benzotriazole is applied in peptide and organic synthesis through specialized benzotriazole derivatives.
Benzotriazole is used in the preparation of acyl-transfer and condensation reagents.
Benzotriazole is employed in academic research involving nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds.
Benzotriazole is used in analytical laboratories as a reference material or method-development compound.
Benzotriazole is included in environmental monitoring standards for water and wastewater analysis.
Benzotriazole is analyzed as a marker associated with industrial and household corrosion-inhibitor use.
Benzotriazole is used in formulation research for corrosion inhibition under acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions.
Benzotriazole is evaluated in electrochemical testing of copper passivation and surface-film formation.
Benzotriazole is employed in materials research involving metal-organic surface interactions.
Benzotriazole is used in vapor-phase and contact corrosion-inhibitor development.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into packaging materials intended to protect copper components.
Benzotriazole is applied in corrosion-inhibiting papers and films for metal storage.
Benzotriazole is used in maintenance chemicals for industrial machinery containing mixed metals.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into long-term storage fluids for spare parts and assemblies.
Benzotriazole is applied in preservation solutions used before equipment commissioning.
Benzotriazole is used in marine cooling systems to protect copper-nickel and related alloys.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into shipboard treatment chemicals for copper-containing water circuits.
Benzotriazole is applied in offshore equipment fluids requiring corrosion protection for non-ferrous metals.
Benzotriazole is used in aerospace maintenance fluids to protect copper-alloy components.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into specialized cleaning and preservation products for transport equipment.
Benzotriazole is used in railway and heavy-equipment maintenance formulations for mixed-metal protection.
Benzotriazole is applied in industrial process baths to maintain the appearance and integrity of copper parts.
Benzotriazole is incorporated into specialty chemical packages where copper-ion deactivation is required.
Benzotriazole is valued in corrosion-control formulations because it adsorbs strongly onto copper surfaces.
DESCRIPTION
Benzotriazole is a fused aromatic heterocyclic compound containing three adjacent nitrogen atoms.
Benzotriazole commonly occurs as a white to off-white crystalline powder, flakes, granules, or needles.
Benzotriazole may develop a pale beige or light tan appearance depending on purity and storage conditions.
Benzotriazole has the molecular formula C6H5N3 and a molecular weight of approximately 119.12 g/mol.
Benzotriazole exists in tautomeric forms involving migration of the hydrogen atom within the triazole ring.
Benzotriazole is commonly identified commercially by the abbreviation BTA or BZT.
Benzotriazole forms strongly adsorbed complexes with copper atoms and copper ions at metal surfaces.
Benzotriazole creates a thin, adherent passivating film that limits contact between the metal and corrosive media.
Benzotriazole is particularly effective on copper, brass, bronze, and other copper-containing alloys.
Benzotriazole functions as an anodic, cathodic, or mixed-type corrosion inhibitor depending on the system conditions.
Benzotriazole helps reduce oxidation, staining, tarnishing, pitting, and general surface corrosion.
Benzotriazole can remain effective at relatively low concentrations when correctly formulated.
Benzotriazole is soluble in many polar organic solvents and has moderate solubility in water.
Benzotriazole becomes more soluble in alkaline aqueous systems through formation of benzotriazolate salts.
Benzotriazole can be supplied as a solid or incorporated into aqueous and solvent-based additive preparations.
Benzotriazole is weakly acidic because the hydrogen attached to the triazole system can dissociate.
Benzotriazole reacts with bases to form salts such as sodium benzotriazolate.
Benzotriazole can coordinate with metal ions through the nitrogen atoms of its triazole ring.
Benzotriazole has good thermal stability under many normal industrial processing conditions.
Benzotriazole should nevertheless be protected from excessive heat, ignition sources, and incompatible oxidizing materials.
Benzotriazole may generate irritating or hazardous nitrogen-containing fumes when strongly heated or decomposed.
Benzotriazole dust may irritate the eyes, respiratory tract, skin, or mucous membranes.
Benzotriazole should be handled with suitable gloves, eye protection, good hygiene, and adequate ventilation.
Benzotriazole should not be released unnecessarily into drains, soil, or natural water systems.
Benzotriazole is widely valued because it provides targeted protection without substantially altering metal appearance.
Benzotriazole can be used alone or combined with other corrosion inhibitors, buffers, surfactants, and treatment additives.
Benzotriazole performance depends on concentration, pH, temperature, metal condition, and the composition of the surrounding medium.
PROPERTIES
Chemical Formula: C6H5N3
Molecular Weight: 119.12 g/mol
Common Name: Benzotriazole (BTA)
IUPAC Name: 1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
CAS Number: 95-14-7
EC Number: 202-394-1
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder, flakes, granules, or needles
Odor: Mild characteristic odor or nearly odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 96–100°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 350°C, with decomposition possible
Solubility in Water: Moderately soluble; solubility increases in alkaline solutions
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in alcohols and several polar organic solvents
Acid-Base Character: Weakly acidic heterocyclic compound
pKa: Approximately 8–9, depending on measurement conditions
Density: Approximately 1.3–1.4 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: Low at ambient temperature
Flash Point: High; product should still be kept away from excessive heat and ignition sources
Function: Corrosion inhibitor, copper passivator, antitarnish agent, and metal deactivator
Stability: Stable under recommended dry, cool, and well-ventilated storage conditions
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases under uncontrolled conditions
Storage Temperature: Store at ambient temperature in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Shelf Life: Commonly 24 months or longer when stored in sealed original packaging
FIRST AID
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air and keep them at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Avoid further exposure to dust, fumes, or decomposition products.
Seek medical attention if coughing, respiratory irritation, dizziness, or discomfort persists.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and plenty of water.
Seek medical advice if redness, irritation, pain, or other symptoms persist.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with clean water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, then continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation, pain, redness, or visual disturbance continues.
Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by qualified medical personnel.
Contact a poison center or physician if a significant amount has been swallowed or symptoms develop.
Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically and provide supportive care.
No specific antidote is generally indicated.
Consider the amount involved, exposure route, symptoms, and information in the current product-specific safety data sheet.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Use suitable protective gloves, protective clothing, and safety goggles during handling.
Avoid direct contact with the skin, eyes, and clothing.
Avoid breathing dust and prevent unnecessary dust generation.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas where Benzotriazole is handled.
Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling and before breaks.
Ventilation:
Provide adequate general ventilation in storage and processing areas.
Use local exhaust ventilation where dust may be generated.
Keep airborne concentrations as low as reasonably practicable.
Avoid allowing dust to accumulate on floors, equipment, or elevated surfaces.
Use suitable respiratory protection when ventilation cannot adequately control exposure.
Storage:
Store Benzotriazole in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated location.
Keep the container tightly closed when the material is not in use.
Protect the product from moisture, excessive heat, direct sunlight, and contamination.
Store away from strong oxidizing agents and other incompatible materials.
Keep the material in correctly labeled, chemically compatible containers.
Spill and Leak Procedures:
Restrict access to the affected area and provide adequate ventilation.
Avoid creating airborne dust while collecting spilled material.
Sweep, shovel, or vacuum the material using suitable industrial equipment.
Place recovered material in a closed and properly labeled container for reuse or disposal.
Prevent spilled Benzotriazole from entering drains, sewers, soil, and natural waterways.
Handling Precautions:
Review the current supplier safety data sheet before industrial use.
Ensure that eyewash facilities and emergency washing equipment are readily accessible.
Use clean and dry tools when transferring the product.
Keep containers closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Dispose of waste and contaminated packaging in accordance with applicable local regulations.
