PRODUCTS

BENZOYL CHLORIDE

CAS NO:98-88-4
EC NO:202-710-8

SYNONYMS:
BENZOYL CHLORIDE; 98-88-4; Benzoylchloride; Benzenecarbonyl chloride; Benzoic acid, chloride; alpha-Chlorobenzaldehyde; benzoic acid chloride; benzoylchlorid; UNII-VTY8706W36; MFCD00000653; Benzaldehyde, .alpha.-chloro-; CHEBI:82275; VTY8706W36; benzoyl-d5 chloride; Benzoyl chloride, 99%, pure; Benzoyl chloride, 98+%, ACS reagent; Benzaldehyde, alpha-chloro-; CCRIS 802; Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%; HSDB 383; EINECS 202-710-8; UN1736; BRN 0471389; benzoyl chlorid; benzoyl choride; bezoyl chloride; benzoic chloride; BzCl; benzoyl chloride-; PhCOCl; Bz-Cl; PubChem22045; Benzoyl chloride [UN1736] [Corrosive]; .alpha.-Chlorobenzaldehyde; Benzaldehyde, |A-chloro-; DSSTox_CID_6631; ACMC-20aj01; EC 202-710-8; SCHEMBL1241; BENZOIC ACID,CHLORIDE; DSSTox_RID_78168; DSSTox_GSID_26631; 4-09-00-00721 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); Benzoyl Chloride, ACS reagent; CHEMBL2260719; DTXSID9026631; Benzoyl chloride, AR, >=99%; Benzoyl chloride, LR, >=99%; OTAVA-BB 1051706; LABOTEST-BB LTBB000456; CS-B1785; ZINC2041164; Tox21_200431; ANW-75551; SBB059783; STL264120; Benzoyl chloride, ACS reagent, 99%; AKOS000121308; AS00010; MCULE-3627399529; UN 1736; CAS-98-88-4; Benzoyl chloride, purum, >=99% (GC); Benzoyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), 99%; NCGC00248610-01; NCGC00257985-01; Benzoyl chloride, p.a., 98-100.5%; PS-10801; DB-002645; DB-051009; B0105; Benzoyl chloride, 99%, pure, AcroSeal(R); FT-0622741; FT-0639824; ST51046056; Benzoyl chloride, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%; C19168; 11273-EP2270015A1; 11273-EP2270114A1; 11273-EP2272841A1; 11273-EP2272972A1; 11273-EP2272973A1; 11273-EP2275407A1; 11273-EP2275412A1; 11273-EP2277848A1; 11273-EP2277872A1; 11273-EP2277878A1; 11273-EP2277880A1; 11273-EP2279750A1; 11273-EP2281813A1; 11273-EP2281815A1; 11273-EP2284157A1; 11273-EP2286811A1; 11273-EP2287159A1; 11273-EP2287167A1; 11273-EP2292595A1; 11273-EP2292610A1; 11273-EP2292621A1; 11273-EP2295415A1; 11273-EP2295429A1; 11273-EP2295437A1; 11273-EP2298767A1; 11273-EP2298775A1; 11273-EP2305629A1; 11273-EP2305658A1; 11273-EP2305687A1; 11273-EP2308838A1; 11273-EP2308858A1; 11273-EP2308861A1; 11273-EP2308865A1; 11273-EP2308877A1; 11273-EP2311814A1; 11273-EP2311816A1; 11273-EP2311817A1; 11273-EP2311824A1; 11273-EP2311830A1; 11273-EP2311840A1; 11273-EP2314575A1; 11273-EP2314578A1; 11273-EP2314587A1; 11273-EP2314593A1; 11273-EP2316827A1; 11273-EP2371831A1; 30500-EP2298734A2; 30500-EP2308873A1; 30500-EP2311835A1; 109242-EP2281861A2; 109242-EP2295422A2; 109242-EP2298769A1; Q412825; F2190-0038

Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 162°F. Lachrymator, irritating to skin and eyes. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 10.2 lb / gal. Used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.Miscible with ethyl ether; soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide.Stable under recommended storage conditions.Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.Slow corrosion of metals.The absorption and excretion of (14)C-benzoyl chloride was studied in male and female Holtzman albino rats. Following single oral doses of 9 to 13 mg/kg, benzoyl chloride was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and efficiently eliminated in the urine (90%) and feces (2%) within 48 hours. ... After 72 hours, the total radiocarbon residue in tissues was approximately 1.5% of the dose; fat liver, and kidneys contained the highest residue levels.Elimination and distribution of (14)C-labeled benzoyl chloride in rats were very similar in many respects to that of benzoic acid.Only a small amount of radioactivity was found in the urine and the feces after application of 10 uL labeled benzoyl chloride through a small incision on the dorsal musculature of male Wistar rats, measured over a period of 15 days. Organ distribution of radioactivity 3 days after application of 10 uL labeled benzoyl chloride through a small incision on the dorsal musculature of male Wistar rats: brain< heart< kidneys< lungs< spleen< skin/muscle.When 14C-labeled benzoyl chloride was applied to the dorsal musculature of a male Wistar rat through a small incision, only traces of radioactivity were found in the urine and feces. At 3 days post-application, most of the radioactivity remained at the site of application. The benzoyl chloride appeared to react mostly by acylation of nucleophilic groups and very little hydrolyzed to benzoic acid./After/ a single oral dose of labelled benzoyl chloride (9-13 mg/kg bw) administered to rats,/ ... over 90% of the metabolites in the urine were identified as benzoic acid and hippuric acid.The half-life of the labeled material /(benzoyl chloride)/ in the blood was 1.5 hours.Benzoyl chloride is a yellow to colorless liquid. It has a fuming pungent odor and is corrosive. It reacts very rapidly with water. USE: Benzoyl chloride is an important commercial chemical. It is used to make many other chemicals, in the production of dyes and in chemical analysis. EXPOSURE: Workers that use benzoyl chloride may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact. The general population is not likely to be exposed to benzoyl chloride. If benzoyl chloride is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air. It is expected to be broken down by sunlight. It breaks down very quickly in water so will not move into air from moist soil and water surfaces. It may however move from dry soil into the air. Because it reacts with water, is not expected to move through soil, to be broken down by microorganisms, or to build up in fish. RISK: Benzoyl chloride liquid is corrosive, and can cause redness, pain, and burns on contact with skin and eyes. Irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs can occur following exposure to benzoyl chloride vapors in the air, resulting in tearing, sore throat, coughing, difficulty breathing, and potential for fluid build-up in the lungs. Skin conditions, chronic swelling of the throat and sinuses, and decreased sense of smell have been reported in workers with repeat exposure to benzoyl chloride (along with similar chemicals). Nausea, burning sensation, vomiting and damage to the lining of the stomach may occur following accidental ingestion. Limited data from workers exposed to benzoyl chloride combined with similar chemicals suggest that occupational exposure without appropriate protective gear may lead to an increased risk for certain types of cancer, including lung cancer and lymphoma. However, data are not adequate to determine if benzoyl chloride exposure alone can cause cancer, and studies generally attribute any observed cancer risk to simultaneous exposure to the related chemical benzotrichloride. Tumors at the site of exposure were observed in laboratory animals exposed to benzoyl chloride (e.g., skin tumors with skin application, stomach tumors with intubation, and tumors at injection sites). Lung tumors developed in some animals following repeated skin application. Data on the potential for benzoyl chloride to cause infertility, abortion, or birth defects in laboratory animals were not available. The International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that benzoyl chloride alone is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity, but determined that combined exposures to alpha-chlorinated toluenes and benzoyl chloride are probably carcinogenic to humans based on limited evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in laboratory animals. The potential for benzoyl chloride to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. For acylation, i.e., introduction of benzoyl group into alcohols, phenols, and amines;. ... in the manufacture of benzoyl peroxide and of dye intermediates. In organic analysis for making benzoyl derivates for identification purposes.Analytical reagent.The major industrial use of benzoyl chloride is in the production of benzoyl peroxide. Secondary uses include the formulation of herbicides and the production of drugs, plasticizers, and perfumes.Chemical intermediate for benzoyl peroxide, a polymerization initiator; chloramben, an herbicide; dyes; Benzophenone, a perfume fixative; other benzoyl derivatives; fastness improver for dyed fibers or fabrics; cellulosic yarn treatment agent; chemical intermediate for benzoate plasticizers (former use), pharmaceuticals (former use).Benzoyl chloride is produced commercially from benzotrichloride, which is available by the chlorination of toluene. The chlorination reaction proceeds stepwise via benzyl chloride and benzal chloride. The benzotrichloride is then partially hydrolyzed with a limited amount of water. This series of reactions consumes a large quantity of chlorine. An alternative process uses benzoic acid. Phosphorous chlorides or iron chlorides are used as catalysts at the solvolytic stage of both processes. Benzoyl chloride can also be made by the reaction of benzoic acid with phosgene, thionyl chloride, or phosphorous pentachloride; chlorination of benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, or benzyl benzoate; and direct reaction of benzene with phosgene or the combination of carbon monoxide and chlorine. The benzoyl chloride prepared by the conventional processes may contain trace amounts of chlorobenzoyl chloride, but the product obtained by the reaction of molten phthalic anhydride with hydrogen chloride at 200 °C is free of such impurities.(1) Interaction of benzoic acid and sulfuryl chloride, (2) benzotrichloride and water in the presence of zinc chloride, (3) phosphorous tri- or pentachloride and benzoic acid.Maximum Limits of Impurities: residue after ignition 0.005%; phosphorus compounds (as P) 0.002%; heavy metals (as Pb) 0.001%; iron (Fe) 0.001%.INHALATION: may irritate eyes, nose and throat. INGESTION: causes acute discomfort. SKIN: causes irritation and burning.Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Highly poisonous phosgene gas may be formed in fires. Behavior in Fire: At fire temperatures the compound may react violently with water or steam.Combustible. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 72 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.Flamable when exposed to heat or flame.At fire temperatures the compound may react violently with water or steam.Lacrimator. Potential symptoms of overexposure may include irritation and burns of skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract.Causes severe eye and skin burns. May be harmful if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Causes severe tearing. May cause pulmonary edema.During preparation of 1,5-dibenzoylnaphthalene, addition of aluminum chloride to mixture of benzoyl chloride and naphthalene must be effected above the /melting point/ of the mixture to avoid violent reaction.First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply: knock down vapors only. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Water hydrolyzes material liberating acidic gas which in contact with metal surfaces can generate flammable and/or explosive hydrogen gas. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire with dry chemical or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water. Violent reaction may result. Carefully use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.Alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide, NO water.Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.Keep water away from release. Stop or control leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer.Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself. Neutralize spilled materials with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas. Moisture sensitive. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials.Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour or aerosol may cause lung oedema.Full protective clothing, including full-face respirator for acid gases and organic vapors (yellow GMC canister), close-fitting goggles, nonslip rubber gloves, plastic apron, face shield.Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).Fumes in air. Decomposes exothermically and rapidly in water to form insoluble benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. This is not supported by Argonne experiments which have not observed any gas generation upon mixing with water. Experimental work at Argonne National Laboratory has determined that there is no HCl formation; the substance was quite unreactive in water. This does not prevent HCl formation by a catalytic mechanism, but under normal conditions benzoyl chloride is quite unreactive. (Argonne Report ANL/DIS-00-1, October 2000).BENZOYL CHLORIDE reacts violently with protic solvents such as alcohols, with amines and amides (for example dimethylformamide [Bretherick 1979 p. 6] ) and with inorganic bases. Causes the violent decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide [Chem. Eng. News 35(9): 87 1957]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Friedel-Crafts acylation of naphthalene using benzoyl chloride, catalyzed by AlCl3, must be conducted above the melting point of the mixture, or the reaction may be violent [Clar, E. et al., Tetrahedron, 1974, 30, 3296].Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.