BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYL CARBİNOL)

DESCRIPTION
Benzyl alcohol (Phenyl Carbi̇nol) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Slightly denser than water. 
Flash point 194 °F. Boiling point 401 °F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. 
May be slightly toxic by ingestion. 
Used to make other chemicals.
 
CAS NUMBER:  100-51-6
 
SYNONYMS
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CHEMİCAL PROPERTİES AND SYNTHESİS
Chemical Structure: Benzyl alcohol (C₆H₅CH₂OH) consists of a benzene ring (C₆H₆) attached to a -CH₂OH group (a hydroxymethyl group). 
Benzyl alcohol (Phenyl Carbi̇nol) is a colorless liquid with a mild, aromatic odor.
Synthesis: Benzyl alcohol is commonly synthesized through the reduction of benzyl chloride (C₆H₅CH₂Cl) using reducing agents such as sodium hydroxide or hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst.

APPLİCATİONS AND INDUSTRİAL USE
Solvent: Benzyl alcohol is widely used as a solvent in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and paints, due to its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar substances.
Preservative: In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, benzyl alcohol is used as a preservative, particularly in intravenous medications, as it prevents microbial growth.
Fragrance and Flavoring: Its pleasant aroma makes it a common ingredient in perfumes and flavoring agents.
Plasticizers and Polymer Industry: It is used as a plasticizer in the production of resins and plastics.

Toxicological Research: Research into the toxicity of benzyl alcohol has highlighted its potential risks. 
In high doses, it can cause central nervous system (CNS) depression, leading to symptoms like dizziness, headache, and nausea. 
It can also be irritating to the skin and eyes.

Metabolism: Benzyl alcohol is metabolized in the liver to benzoic acid, which is subsequently conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acid, which is excreted in urine. 
This metabolism is an important consideration in its safety profile.
Toxicity in Newborns: Benzyl alcohol is contraindicated in newborns, particularly those with low body weight or premature infants, as it can lead to a potentially fatal condition known as "Gasping Syndrome". This condition involves severe metabolic acidosis and CNS depression.

BİOLOGİCAL RESEARCH
Antimicrobial Properties: Studies have investigated benzyl alcohol’s antimicrobial properties.
 It has shown some efficacy against bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens, contributing to its use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects: Some research has pointed to benzyl alcohol’s potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, though these effects are not as well established as its antimicrobial properties.
Effects on Enzyme Activity: Benzyl alcohol has been studied for its potential effects on various enzymes, particularly in the context of metabolism and its inhibitory role on certain cytochrome P450 enzymes.

ENVİRONMENTAL IMPACT AND DEGRADATİON
Environmental Toxicity: While benzyl alcohol is biodegradable, studies show that it can still pose risks to aquatic environments in higher concentrations, potentially harming aquatic life.
Degradation Products: Benzyl alcohol degrades in the environment to produce benzoic acid, which is less toxic but still requires careful monitoring in water bodies.

RECENT STUDİES AND INNOVATİONS
Nanotechnology: Benzyl alcohol is being researched in the context of nanotechnology, where it is used as a solvent or dispersing agent in the preparation of nanomaterials and nanocomposites.
Organic Synthesis: Benzyl alcohol is often used in organic synthesis as a starting material for the creation of various chemical compounds, including benzyl esters, benzyl ethers, and other derivatives used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Pharmaceutical Applications: Research continues into benzyl alcohol's role as a vehicle for drug delivery, especially in the development of new intravenous formulations.
REGULATORY CONSİDERATİONS
Various health organizations, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have established guidelines for the safe use of benzyl alcohol in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. 
However, its use is strictly regulated in certain populations, especially neonates.

Benzyl alcohol remains an important compound in both industrial and scientific research. While its uses in solvents, preservatives, and fragrances are well established, ongoing research continues to explore its biological activity, environmental impact, and potential for new applications in pharmaceuticals and nanotechnology. However, safety concerns, particularly with regard to its toxicity in neonates, highlight the importance of careful regulation and use of this compound.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYL CARBİNOL)

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
 
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. 
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
 
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
 
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.
 
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
 
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. 
 
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
 
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
 
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
 
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
 
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
 
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles. 
Faceshield (8-inch minimum). 
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
 
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
 
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
 
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. 
 
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. 
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
 
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product