PRODUCTS

BENZYL ALCOHOL (PHENYLCARBINOL)

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), a colorless liquid, is an aromatic alcohol with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.

CAS Number: 100-51-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O
Molecular Weight: 108.14
EINECS Number: 202-859-9

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(200-400 mesh), NSC-760098, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502, NCGC00091865-02, NCGC00091865-03, NCGC00091865-04, NCGC00254154-01, NCGC00259996-01, ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN], Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), USP, 98.0-100.5%, B2378, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), tested according to Ph.Eur., Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, E1519, FT-0622812, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Benzylalcohol, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), anhydrous, 99.8%, Tox21_111172, Tox21_202447, Tox21_300044, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) [ORANGE BOOK], NSC760098, s4600, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), >=99%, FCC, FG, AKOS000119907, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), natural, >=98%, FG, CCG-213843, DB06770, Hydroxymethyl resin (200-400 mesh), NSC-760098, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502, NCGC00091865-02, NCGC00091865-03, NCGC00091865-04, NCGC00254154-01, NCGC00259996-01, ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN], Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), USP, 98.0-100.5%, B2378, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), tested according to Ph.Eur., Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, E1519, FT-0622812, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Benzylalcohol SAJ first grade, >=98.5%, EN300-20016, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00556, C03485, D00077, D70182, Q52353, AB01563201_01, A800221, SR-01000872610, J-000153, SR-01000872610-3, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], F0001-0019, Z104476418, 3762963D-6C2A-4BFF-AD94-3180E51BCA68, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (GC), Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph.??Eur., BP, NF, 99-100.5% (GC), StratoSpheres(TM) PL-HMS (Hydroxymethylstyrene) resin, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 2.0 mmol loading, 1 % cross-linked.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a useful as a solvent for its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.

In addition, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also easily oxidized to benzoic acid by many kinds of antioxidants such as nitric acid.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless clear oily liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor at 100% is described as 'floral rose phenolic balsamic'.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a characteristic pleasant, fruity odor and a slightly pungent, sweet taste; the note tends to become similar to that of benzyl aldehyde on aging.

Slightly soluble in water, and miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform and so on.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a component catalyst for epoxy resins.
Dehydrogenation over a copper–magnesium oxide–pumice catalyst also leads to the aldehyde.

Esterification of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) results in a number of important fragrance and flavor materials.
Diphenylmethane is prepared by a Friedel–Crafts reaction of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) and benzene with aluminum chloride or concentrated sulfuric acid.
By heating Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in the presence of strong acids or strong bases, dibenzyl ether is formed.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
An aromatic primary alcohol.
Phenylmethanol is synthesized by Cannizzaro’s reaction, which involves the simultaneous oxidation and reduction of benzenecarbaldehyde (benzaldehyde) by refluxing in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide:
2C6H5CHO → C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COOH

Phenylmethanol undergoes the reactions characteristic of alcohols, especially those in which the formation of a stable carbonium ion as an intermediate (C6H5CH2 +) enhances the reaction.
Substitution onto the benzene ring is also possible; the –CH2OH group directs into the 2- or 4-position by the donation of electrons to the ring.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is prepared commercially by the distillation of benzyl chloride with potassium or sodium carbonate.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may also be prepared by the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde and potassium hydroxide.
The chemical structure of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) consists of a phenyl group (a benzene ring) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a methylene group (-CH2-).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is systematic name is "benzenemethanol."

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a melting point of -15 °C (5 °F) and a boiling point of 205 °C (401 °F).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is found in various natural sources, including certain essential oils such as jasmine and ylang-ylang.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also contained in the color developer C-22.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) occurs in many essential oils and foods.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless liquid with a weak, slightly sweet odor.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be oxidized to benzaldehyde, for example, with nitric acid.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), also known as phenyl carbinol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H8O.

Phenylcarbinol is also known as Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is chemical formula is C6H5CH2OH and its density is 1.045 g/mL at 25 ° C (lit).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is one of the simplest fatty alcohol containing phenyl.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be seen as benzene substituted by hydroxymethyl, or methyl alcohol substituted by phenyl.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless transparent sticky liquid with faint aroma.
Sometimes Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is placed for a long time, it will smells like bitter almond flavor because of oxidation.

Polarity, low toxicity and low steam, so it is used as alcohol solvent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is combustible, and slightly soluble in water (about 25ml of water soluble 1 gram of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) mainly exists in the form of free or ester in essential oil, such as jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil, jasmine oil, hyacinth oil, sesame oil, hyacinths balsam, peru balsam and tolu balsam, which all contain this ingredient.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) should not be stored for a long time.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can also be present as a component in some fruits.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be produced through several methods, including the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride or the reduction of benzaldehyde.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is commonly synthesized for commercial use.
Due to its solvent properties, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in various applications where a solvent with mild characteristics is required.

Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), and it has been reported as a potential skin irritant in certain cases.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is essential to be aware of any personal sensitivities when using products containing Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.
Benzyl esters also occur naturally.

Benzyl is the prefix describing the presence of the redical "C6H5CH2-".
An simple example is Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), C6H5CH2OH.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), also called phenylmethanol or phenylcarbinol, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor; melting at 15 C and Boiling at 205 C.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a primary alcohol with arene group.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is partially soluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol and ether.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride in the presence of soda ash.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has properties of strong polarity and limited water solubility.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) features also good solvency, low toxicity and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers, epoxy resin coatings, and as a degreasing agent in cleaning as well as for chemical reaction process.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) reacts with acids (acetic, benzoic, and sebacic acids, and etc) to form numerous esters, salts and other compounds, thus is used widely as a valued intermediate in industrial field as well as in making soap, perfume, and flavors.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a dyeing assistant for filament nylons.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is applications include many pharmaceutical preparations and bacteriostatic compounds.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) was used for antipruritic activity to relieve itching.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a primary alcohol with general formula RCH2OH.
In carbinol nomenclature system, the term of carbinol is methanol itself and other groups are considered to have replaced one of the methanol hydrogen atoms to describe larger alcohols as derivatives of carbinol.
This nomenclature system is particularly useful when the groups attached to the methanol carbon are large, aromatic, and cyclo groups.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is called phenylcarbinol or benzenecarbinol while benzyl carbinol is phenylethyl alcohol.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection.

Also, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body.

Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
No adverse effects of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice.
Effects of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth.

Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights.
Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)-treated groups.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats.

Genotoxicity tests for Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive.
Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can elicit a reaction. Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is not a sensitizer at 10%.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children.
Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes.
The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern.

Because of the wide variety of product types in which Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure.
The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure.
Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) where inhalation can occur.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) or phenylmethanol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH, commonly used in the production of various compounds and in the pharmaceutical industry.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is often denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)'s a useful solvent due to its low toxicity, and can be found in many cosmetics and personal care products.
Though it is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is denoted as BnOH.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is partially soluble in water (4 g/100 mL) and completely miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, and ylang-ylang.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers and epoxy resin coatings.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also a precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume and flavor industries.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is often added to intravenous medication solutions as a preservative due to its bacteriostatic and antipruritic properties.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used as a photographic developer.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics and topical drugs.
The use of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) as a 5% solution has been approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of head lice in children older than 6 months and in adults.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.

These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has nearly the same refraction index as quartz and wool fiber.

If a clear quartz object is immersed in Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), it becomes almost invisible.
This test has been used to determine non-destructively whether an object is truly made of quartz.
Similarly, white wool immersed in Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) also becomes almost invisible clearly revealing contaminants such as dark and medullated fibers and vegetable matter.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be slowly oxidized to benzaldehyde and anisole in the air.
Therefore Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) products often smell like almond aroma with characteristic of benzaldehyde.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a water-white liquid with a faint aromatic odor and a sharp burning taste.

Melting point: -15 °C
Boiling point: 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.7 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 13.3 mm Hg ( 100 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.539(lit.)
FEMA: 2137 | Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +25°C.
solubility: H2O: 33 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Liquid
pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
color: APHA: ≤20
Relative polarity: 0.608
Odor: Mild, pleasant.
Odor Type: floral
Evaporation Rate: 1.8
explosive limit 1.3-13%(V)
Water Solubility: 4.29 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1124
JECFA Number: 25
BRN: 878307
Henry's Law Constant: <2.70 x 10-7 at 25 °C (thermodynamic method-GC/UV, Altschuh et al., 1999)
Exposure limits No exposure limit is set. Because of its low vapor pressure and low toxicity, the health hazard to humans from occupational exposure should be very low.
Dielectric constant: 13.1（20℃）
InChIKey: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.05 at 20℃

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) a clear, colorless, liquid.
Water-soluble alcohols, low-molecular weight products, are solvents for the manufacture of coatings, dyes and inks, plastics, flavorings, personal-care products, pharmaceuticals, and cleaners.
The higher alcohols, slightly soluble in water or insoluble, can provide the proper balance of target properties when solvent-based solvents are formulated for desired viscosity, flowing and leveling, and curing rate and can be used as coupling agents in waterborne coatings.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s are very weak acids as they lose H+ in the hydroxyl group.
Alcohols undergoes dehydration reaction which means the elimination of water molecule replaced by a pi bond between two adjacent carbon atoms to form alkenes under heating in the presence of strong acids like hydrocloric acid or phosphoric acid.
Primary and secondary Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s can be oxidized to aldehydes and ketones respectively.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s are obtained from oxidation of aldehydes.
Oxidation in organic chemistry can be considered to be the loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen and reduction to gain hydrogen or loss of oxygen.
Tertiary alcohols do not react to give oxidation products as they have no H attached to the alcohol carbon.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s undergoes important reactions called nucleophilic substitution in which an electron donor replaces a leaving group, generally conjugate bases of strong acids, as a covalent substitute of some atom.
One of important reaction of alcohol is condensation.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s are formed by the condensation of two alcohols by heating with sulfuric acid; the reaction is one of dehydration.

Almost infinite esters are formed through condensation reaction called esterification between carboxylic acid and alcohol, which produces water.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s are important solvents and chemical raw materials.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s are intermediates for the production of target compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, ore floatation agents, pesticides, hydraulic fluids, and detergents.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), an aromatic primary alcohol, is a clear, oily liquid with a mild, pleasant odor; melting point at -15 C; boiling point at 205 C; specific gravity 1.04.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is soluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol and ether.
The benzene ring can be a ring-substituted with alkyl groups.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) readily forms esters with various acids and thus provides wide finish product applications including soap, perfume, flavor & fragrance, and food additive.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) shows strong polarity and limited water solubility and is a useful solvent.
Solvent application is useful in ink, lacquer, coating, degreasing agent, dyeing polyamide, and as a bonding aid.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used as a bacteriostatic and as a local anesthetic.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), also known as alpha-toluenol or aromatic alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a solvent for dyes, Gelatin, Casein, Cellulose acetate, waxes, and Shellac.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used for mounting microscope slides and as a reagent in the developing baths for color movie films.
In conservation, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has been added to gelled soaps as a Wetting agent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has been used as an antimicrobial agent in pharmaceutical preparations for many years.

Parenteral administration of preparations containing 0.9% Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) resulted in the death of 16 neonates in the USA in the early 1980s.
Many countries subsequently warned against using such preparations in neonates.
This decision is not applicable to the use of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) as a preservative in other circumstances or to its use in topical preparations and no country has placed a total ban on the compound.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is often added to intravenous medication solutions as a preservative due to its bacteriostatic and antipruritic properties.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used as a photographic developer. Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is oxidized rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid.

High concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.
Newborns, especially if critically ill, may not metabolize Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) as readily as adults.
Reports in the early 1980s of sixteen neonatal deaths associated with the use of saline flush solutions containing Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) preservative led to recommendations to avoid its use in
neonates.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:
C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl
Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.

For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
The latter also gives Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)s are widely used as solvents, fuels and chemical raw materials.

Generally, hydroxyl group compounds are polar, which trends to promote solubility in water.
But the carbon chain resist to solubility in water.
Short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) in which the hydroxyl group predominates are miscible in water.

These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a wide range of applications, such as coatings, lacquers, photo developer systems, metal cleaning formulations, cosmetics, hair care and so on.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in pharmaceuticals and flavor and fragrance industries.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also raw material of itself various esters.

Due to Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is low volatility and low toxicity, it is a great solvent in many specialist applications and a versatile co-solvent used in curing agent formulations for epoxy resins used in coatings, flooring systems and adhesives, etc.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has mild antiseptic properties, and it has been used in certain medical applications as a topical antiseptic for minor skin injuries.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as generally safe when used in accordance with approved concentrations in various products, including foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
In the food industry, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a flavoring agent in some food products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the FDA when used in approved amounts.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and compounds.
For example, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be further converted into benzyl acetate, which is a common ester used in perfumery.
Due to its solvent properties, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in industrial cleaning formulations, such as degreasers and surface cleaners.

While Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is generally considered safe when used in approved concentrations, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol)'s crucial to follow recommended usage guidelines and perform patch tests when using products containing Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has been used as a component in some injectable medications, particularly in the past.

However, concerns have been raised about its use in neonates and infants due to the potential for toxicity, and alternative formulations are now often preferred in this population.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is considered to be biodegradable, meaning that it can be broken down by natural processes over time, which can be an environmentally favorable characteristic.
The use of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in consumer products is subject to regulatory restrictions and guidelines in different regions.

Compliance with these regulations ensures the safety and proper labeling of products containing this ingredient.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a stable compound under normal conditions, but it can oxidize to form benzaldehyde over time.
Proper storage and handling are important to maintain its integrity in various formulations.

In scientific research, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is sometimes employed as a source of hydroxyl radicals in chemical reactions.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a flame retardant additive in some plastics and resin formulations.
In some topical medications, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be used as a solvent or preservative.

Compounding pharmacies may use Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in the preparation of certain medications.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a solubilizing agent, meaning it can enhance the solubility of certain substances in a solution.
In chemical synthesis, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can serve as a reaction medium or solvent for various reactions.

High concentrations of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) have been associated with reproductive and developmental toxicity in animal studies.
However, these concerns are primarily relevant to exposures that greatly exceed typical use levels, and regulatory agencies establish guidelines to ensure safe usage.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a characteristic faint, pleasant odor.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is aromatic properties contribute to its use in perfumery and cosmetic formulations.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a moderate vapor pressure, which means it can evaporate to some extent under certain conditions.
Proper storage conditions, including protection from light and air, are important to maintain the stability of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in formulations.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment, contributing to its potential biodegradability.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is produced on an industrial scale to meet the demand for its diverse applications across various industries.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is moderately soluble because of the balance between the two opposing solubility trends.

Higher alcohols are practically insoluble in water because of the hydrocarbon chain's trend is stronger.
Alcohols are "protic" solvents. Protic refers to a hydrogen atom attached to an electronegative atom, oxygen.
Polar protic solvents are compounds that can be represented by the general formula ROH of which water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are examples.

Uses Of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol):
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) occurs in natural products such as oils ofjasmine and castoreum.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is widely used as a solvent for the dielectrophoretic reconfiguration of nanowires, inks, paints, lacquers and epoxy resin coatings and as a precursor to a variety of esters used in soaps, perfumes and flavoring.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is employed as a local anesthetic which reduces the pain associated with lidocaine injection.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has a various applications in baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products as well as hair, nail and skin care products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be included in some insect repellent formulations.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in laboratory settings for various chemical reactions and experiments.

In some cases, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the preservation of flowers.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a fragrance ingredient and a solvent in cosmetic and personal care products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is employed as a preservative in some pharmaceutical formulations.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is utilized in the production of perfumes and fragrances.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) serves as a solvent for a variety of chemical reactions and a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it effective as a preservative in certain products.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is preservative function helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.
As a dye solvent, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics, foods, and a wide range of pharmaceutical formulations, including oral and parenteral preparations, at concentrations up to 2.0% v/v.
The typical concentration used is 1% v/v, and it has been reported to be used in protein, peptide and small molecule products, although its frequency of use has fallen from 48 products in 1996, 30 products in 2001, to 15 products in 2006.
In cosmetics, concentrations up to 3.0% v/v may be used as a preservative.

Concentrations of 5% v/v or more are employed as a solubilizer, while a 10% v/v solution is used as a disinfectant.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) 10% v/v solutions also have some local anesthetic properties, which are exploited in some parenterals, cough products, ophthalmic solutions, ointments, and dermatological aerosol sprays.
Although widely used as an antimicrobial preservative, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has been associated with some fatal adverse reactions when administered to neonates.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is now recommended that parenteral products preserved with Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), or other antimicrobial preservatives, should not be used in newborn infants if at all possible.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as benzaldehyde arises from Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has nearly the same refraction index as quartz and wool fiber.
If a clear quartz object is immersed in Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), it becomes almost invisible.

This test has been used to determine non-destructively whether an object is truly made of quartz.
Similarly, white wool immersed in Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) also becomes almost invisible, clearly revealing contaminants such as dark and medullated fibers and vegetable matter.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.

Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as benzaldehyde arises from Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.

These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.[13]
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a common ingredient in a variety of household products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, inks and toners, air care products and perfumes and fragrances.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Other release to the environment of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building
materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), paper used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials for insulation panels, wall papers), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and paper used for articles with intense direct dermal (skin) contact during normal use such as personal hygiene articles (e.g. nappies, feminine hygiene products, adult incontinence products, tissues, towels, toilet paper).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is an antiparasitic agent used for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in patients 6 months of age and older.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a common ingredient that is widely used in the cosmetics and personal care industry, as well as in some food products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a colorless liquid that is typically derived from natural sources, such as fruits and teas.
In cosmetics, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is often used as a preservative, as it helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used as a solvent and fragrance ingredient, and can help to enhance the scent of products.
In food production, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a flavoring agent and to enhance the aroma of certain foods.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is commonly found in products such as baked goods, confectionery items, and soft drinks.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is generally considered safe for use in these products, as it is used in very small amounts.
While Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and food products, some individuals may experience allergic reactions or other side effects.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and laboratory chemicals.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the following areas: building & construction work, health services, scientific research and development and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and .
Other release to the environment of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the creation of artificial flavors for food products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a common ingredient in the synthesis of various fragrances and aroma compounds.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a preservative in certain injectable medications to prevent microbial contamination.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be used as a solvent in dyeing processes and textile printing.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) serves as a reagent and solvent in various chemical reactions and processes.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be used in the production of certain polymers.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a source of hydroxyl radicals in certain chemical reactions, particularly in research settings.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a flame retardant in certain plastics, providing fire resistance properties.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be found in some automotive cleaning products and degreasers.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in industrial settings for degreasing and cleaning purposes.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the formulation of some inkjet inks.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the microelectronics industry for cleaning and as a solvent in certain processes.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be used in wood preservation formulations to protect against fungi and insects.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is employed in the production of certain photographic chemicals.
In addition to its use in the floral industry, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be found in floral preservation products.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be included in air fresheners and other perfumed products.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in metalworking fluids as a component of cutting and grinding fluids.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be used in the conservation of art and historical artifacts.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be used as an ingredient in certain pesticide formulations.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is metabolized to benzoic acid, which is further metabolized in the liver by conjugation with glycine to form hippuric acid, which is excreted in the urine.
Ingestion or inhalation of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may cause headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Overexposure may result in CNS depression and respiratory failure.
However, the concentrations of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) normally employed as a preservative are not associated with such adverse effects.
Reports of adverse reactions to Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) used as an excipient include toxicity following intravenous administration; neurotoxicity in patients administered Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in intrathecal preparations; hypersensitivity, although relatively rare; and a fatal toxic syndrome in premature infants.

The fatal toxic syndrome in low-birth-weight neonates, which includes symptoms of metabolic acidosis and respiratory depression, was attributed to the use of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) as a preservative in solutions used to flush umbilical catheters.
As a result of this, the FDA has recommended that Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) should not be used in such flushing solutions and has advised against the use of medicines containing preservatives in the newborn.

Sensitization to Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) occurs very rarely, mainly in patients with stasis dermatitis.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is not considered to be a carcinogen, and no data are available regarding teratogenic or reproductive effects.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has low acute toxicity with an LD50 of 1.2 g/kg in rats.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) oxidizes rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid.
Very high concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is toxic to neonates and is associated with the gasping syndrome.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a preservative against bacteria, used in concentrations of 1 to 3 percent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can cause skin irritation.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.

Thus it can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.
In industry, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, and in perfumery and flavoring.

As a pharmaceutical product, it is used as an anti-parasite medication used to treat head lice.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also used as a common preservative in many injectable drugs.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a component in perfumes and fragrances.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is employed in skincare products, such as lotions and creams, for its antimicrobial properties and as a solvent.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be included in shampoos, conditioners, and hair dyes.
Some cosmetics, including foundations and lipsticks, may contain Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).

In pharmaceutical formulations, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can serve as a preservative in some topical medications.
Compounding pharmacies may use Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) in the preparation of certain medications.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a flavoring agent in certain food products, and it is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when used in approved amounts.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a flame retardant additive in some plastics and resin formulations.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) may be found in certain printing ink formulations.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a solvent in some paint and varnish formulations.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) can be used as a component in certain adhesive formulations.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in some industrial cleaning formulations, including degreasers and surface cleaners.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and compounds.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is utilized as a solvent in chemical reactions and processes.
Due to its mild antiseptic properties, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) has been used in certain medical applications as a topical antiseptic for minor skin injuries.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used in cosmetics as afragrance component, preservative, solvent and diluting agent for perfumes and flavors, and viscosity-decreasing agent.

Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as a solvent for surface-coating materials, cellulose esters and ethers, alkyd resins,acrylic resins, fats, dyestuffs,casein (when hot), gelatin, shellac and waxes.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is added in small amounts to surface-coating materials to improve their flow and gloss.
In the textile industry, Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is used as anauxiliary in the dyeing of wool, polyamides, and polyesters.

In pharmacy it is used as a local anesthetic ingredient in over-the-counter anorectal, oral healthcare and topical analgesic drug products and, because of its antimicrobial effect, as an ingredient of ointments and other preparations (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is also a starting material for the preparation of numerous benzyl esters that are used as odorants, flavors, stabilizers for volatile perfumes, and plasticizers and is also employed in the extractive distillation of m- and p-xylenes and m- and p-cresols.

Other uses include or have included heat-sealing of polyethylene films,in color photography as a development accelerator and in microscopy as embedding material (U.S.National Library of Medicine).
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) are used in makingperfume, soap, flavoring, lotion, and ointment.
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) finds application in color photography;the pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics,and leather dyeing; and as an insect repellent.

Safety Profile Of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol):
Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is a low acute toxicant witha mild irritation effect on the skin.
Theirritation in 24 hours from the pure compoundwas mild on rabbit skin and moderateon pig skin.
A dose of 750 μg producedsevere eye irritation in rabbits.

The toxicityof Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) is of low order,the effects varying with the species.
Oralintake of high concentrations of this compoundproduced behavioral effects in rats.
The symptoms progressed from somnolenceand excitement to coma.

Intravenous administrationin dogs produced ataxia, dyspnea,diarrhea, and hypermotility in the animals.
Adult and neonatal mice treated withBenzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol) exhibited behavioral change,including sedation, dyspnea, and loss ofmotor function.
Pretreatment with pyrazoleincreased the toxicity of Benzyl Alcohol (Phenylcarbinol).