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Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate or DEHA or DOA is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CO2C8H17)2.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is the diester of 2-ethylhexanol and adipic acid.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is a colorless oily liquid.
CAS Number: 103-23-1
Molecular Formula: C22H42O4
Molecular Weight: 370.57
EINECS Number: 203-090-1
Synonyms: BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE, 103-23-1, Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Diethylhexyl adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)hexanedioate, Octyl adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hexanedioate, Plastomoll DOA, Vestinol OA, Bisoflex DOA, Crodamol DOA, Effomoll DOA, Kodaflex DOA, Monoplex DOA, Truflex DOA, Adipol 2EH, Staflex doa, Uniflex doa, Reomol doa, Wickenol 158, Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, Lankroflex DOA, Sansocizer DOA, Ergoplast ADDO, Plasthall DOA, Adimoll DO, Mollan S, Flexol A 26, Sicol 250, Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, Rucoflex plasticizer doa, Jayflex DOA 2, Kemester 5652, Effomoll DA, Arlamol DOA, Hatcol 2908, WITAMOL 320, Adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, Flexol plasticizer 10-A, Flexol plasticizer A-26, Morflex 310, Vistone A 10, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Octyl adipate (VAN), Adipic acid di(2-ethylhexyl) ester, Effemoll doa, NCI-C54386, CCRIS 236, PX-238, HSDB 343, Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny adipove, UNII-MBY1SL921L, EINECS 203-090-1, MBY1SL921L, K 3220, BRN 1803774, DTXSID0020606, CHEBI:34675, 1,6-bis(2-ethylhexyl) hexanedioate, NSC-56775, Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny adipove [Czech], DTXCID40606, ADIPIC ACID BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, EC 203-090-1, 4-02-00-01964 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE [IARC], DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ADIPATE [MART.], BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)HEXANEDIOATE [HSDB], Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny adipove (czech), DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ADIPATE (IARC), 203-090-1, DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ADIPATE (MART.), Di2ethylhexyl adipate, DIACIZER DOA, Flexol plasticizer 10A, Flexol plasticizer A26, Bis(2ethylhexyl) adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Bis(2ethylhexyl) hexanedioate, PX238, DIETHYLHEXYL ADIPATE [INCI], Adipic acid, bis(2ethylhexyl) ester, Bis(2ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny adipove, Adipic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, HEXANEDIOIC ACID, DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, 686-861-9, inchi=1/c22h42o4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-25-21(23)15-11-12-16-22(24)26-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h19-20h,5-18h2,1-4h, DEHA, Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, BEHA, BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ADIPATE, Dioctyl adipate (VAN), DOA, Hexanedioic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, Palatinol DOA, Monsanto DOA, Good-rite GP-223, Adipic acid di[2-ethylhexyl]ester, Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, MLS002152897, Adipic acid, bis-2-ethylhexyl ester, SMR001224508, Adipic acid-bis-2-ethylhexylester, Adipic acid di(2-ethylhexyl)ester, 2072051-04-6, CAS-103-23-1, keme ster 5652, USS 700, NSC 56775, AI3-28579, DOA Plasticizer, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hexanedio ate, Jayflex DOA, Merrol DOA, Witcizer 412, Flexol A26, MFCD00009496, Adipic acid bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, i-2-ethylhexyl adipate, cid_7641, NCIOpen2_007625, SCHEMBL27423, Hexadioic acid, dioctyl, Adipic acid, bis(2ethylhexyl) ester, Bis(2ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny adipove, Adipic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, vestinoloa;Wickenol 158;wickenol158;WITAMOL 320;witamol320;Witcizer 412;Adipic acid di(2-ethylhexyl) ester, DOA Plasticizer, DOA;Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, 99% 1KG
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is sometimes called "dioctyl adipate", incorrectly. Another name is di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate.
The abbreviation DOA has been used for both bis(-2-ethylhexyl)-adipate and dioctyl adipate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, is an ester of adipic acid and 2-ethylhexanol.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is a plasticizer and finds application in plastic technology, in order to impart flexibility to rigid polymers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is an indirect food additive formed due to contact of adhesives with polymers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, also known as di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), is a chemical compound primarily used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of various plastics.
It is derived from adipic acid and 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, which gives it its chemical structure. This compound plays a crucial role in making plastics more flexible, durable, and resistant to temperature extremes. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is commonly used in products such as vinyl flooring, coatings, and adhesives, providing them with improved workability and enhanced performance.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is also utilized in the production of synthetic rubber, lubricants, and various other industrial materials.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
It has a low volatility, which makes it useful in applications where a stable plasticizer is required over a long period.
Despite its widespread use, concerns have been raised about its potential health effects, particularly its impact on the endocrine system.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate has been classified by some regulatory agencies as a substance of concern, especially in terms of long-term exposure.
Nonetheless, it continues to be a widely used additive in manufacturing processes due to its ability to significantly improve the properties of polymers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is an organic chemical, and appears as a colourless, oily liquid with an extremely faint odour.
It has the chemical formula CH2CH2CO2C8H17 and is typically used as a plasticiser.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate mixes well with most organic solvents and works seamlessly with other monomeric plasticizers in PVC.
However, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate remains insoluble in water. DOA is an ester formed by combining adipic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol.
It has low viscosity, ease of processing, and a prolonged shelf life.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, is an ester of adipic acid and 2-ethylhexanol.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is a plasticizer and finds application in plastic technology, in order to impart flexibility to rigid polymers.
It is an indirect food additive formed due to contact of adhesives with polymers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is not only valued for its flexibility-enhancing properties but also for its ability to act as a stabilizer in plastics, helping to prevent degradation when exposed to light, heat, or other environmental factors.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is often incorporated into various consumer and industrial products such as food packaging materials, medical devices, and waterproof coatings.
Due to its excellent compatibility with a variety of polymers, it is commonly used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) applications, where it enhances the performance and longevity of the material, especially in flexible products like electrical cables, artificial leather, and flooring materials.
Melting point: -67 °C,
Boiling point: 417 °C,
Density: 0.925 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.),
Pour Point: -65,
Vapor pressure: <0.001 hPa (20 °C),
Refractive index: n20/D 1.447 (lit.),
Flash point: >230 °F,
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C,
Solubility: <0.0001g/l,
Form: Liquid,
Specific Gravity: 0.99,
Color: Clear colorless,
pH: 7 (H2O, 20℃),
Explosive limit: 0.24%(V),
Biological source: Synthetic,
Viscosity: 8.2 cs (37.8°C),
Water Solubility: Immiscible,
BRN: 1803774,
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, water, nitrates,
LogP: 8.94 at 25℃.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is recognized for its versatility in a wide range of applications, but its significance extends beyond just its utility in plastics and polymers.
The compound's role in enhancing the properties of rubber, particularly in automotive and industrial settings, makes it indispensable in the production of weather-resistant seals, gaskets, and hoses.
These rubber products, when infused with DEHA, exhibit improved flexibility and resistance to cracking, even under harsh conditions such as extreme temperatures and exposure to oils or chemicals.
A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.
Can generate electrostatic charges.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is incompatible with oxidizing materials and water.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is also incompatible with nitrates.
The compound is also employed in the production of cosmetics and personal care items, where it serves as an emollient in skin care formulations, contributing to the smooth texture and spreadability of creams, lotions, and other topical products.
It is considered a non-toxic alternative to phthalates, which are under scrutiny due to their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment.
However, while bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is generally considered safer than phthalates, concerns still exist regarding its environmental persistence and the potential for bioaccumulation.
In addition to its widespread use in consumer products, DEHA also plays a role in the automotive and aerospace industries, where it is used in the formulation of lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
Its ability to remain stable under a range of temperature and pressure conditions makes it an essential component in these demanding applications.
Despite its broad range of uses, DEHA's presence in waste streams and its potential environmental impact have led to increased interest in finding more sustainable alternatives, particularly as concerns over plastic pollution and chemical exposure continue to grow.
Researchers are exploring other plasticizers and additives that can provide similar benefits without the potential drawbacks associated with bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate.
In addition to its function as a plasticizer, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate has found its place in the production of various adhesives and sealants.
By incorporating DEHA, manufacturers are able to achieve a balance between strong bonding properties and the ability to maintain flexibility, even in high-stress applications such as construction, automotive assembly, and packaging.
This combination of adhesion and flexibility is particularly important in applications that require long-term durability without compromising on performance over time.
In the field of medical devices, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the production of certain soft medical tubing, blood bags, and intravenous (IV) bags.
In these instances, DEHA is employed to make the products more pliable, which is critical for their functionality and ease of use.
Given the long-term use of medical devices, it is important that these materials maintain their flexibility and are resistant to degradation, and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate ensures that this is the case.
Despite its broad range of applications, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is also subject to regulations that address concerns regarding its environmental impact.
As a plasticizer, it has been identified as a potential contributor to plastic pollution, especially in aquatic environments, where it can leach from products into waterways.
This has prompted research into the persistence of DEHA in the environment and its potential for bioaccumulation in organisms.
These environmental concerns have led to the development of alternative plasticizers that are biodegradable or less harmful to ecosystems, and some manufacturers are shifting toward these alternatives.
Additionally, there is ongoing research into the potential health risks associated with DEHA exposure, particularly in the context of long-term exposure in workers within industries that use the compound heavily.
While DEHA is generally considered to be less toxic than phthalates, its potential to disrupt endocrine function and impact reproductive health remains a concern.
As such, regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) continue to monitor its safety and its effects on both human health and the environment.
Uses:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate also known as dioctyl adipate (DOA) can be used as a plasticizer for improving the impact properties of polymers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is also used to produce clear films for food packaging applications and in synthetic rubber industries due to its compatibility with nitrocellulose and ethylcellulose.
As well as related diesters derived from octanol, decanol, isodecanol, etc., it is used as a plasticizer.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used as a hydraulic fluid, and a component of aircraft lubricants.
It is sometimes also used as an ingredient in PVC-based plastic wrap.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, plant protection products, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes and coating products.
Other release to the environment of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Other release to the environment of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and vehicles.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes and plant protection products.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the following areas: building & construction work, health services and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, inks and toners, hydraulic fluids and coating products.
Release to the environment of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products, lubricants and greases and leather treatment products.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is widely used as a plasticizer, primarily to enhance the flexibility, workability, and durability of various polymer-based materials, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
In this capacity, it is essential in manufacturing flexible plastics, such as electrical cables, synthetic leather, flooring materials, and inflatable products, where its ability to improve flexibility and resistance to brittleness is critical.
By reducing the rigidity of these materials, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate helps maintain their performance over an extended period, even under challenging conditions like extreme temperatures, humidity, or mechanical stress.
Beyond its application in plastics, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is also extensively used in the production of adhesives, sealants, and coatings.
In these formulations, DEHA serves to improve the viscosity and flow properties, making the adhesives easier to apply and enhancing their adhesion strength while maintaining flexibility.
This makes it particularly useful in the automotive and construction industries, where adhesives and sealants must withstand movement, vibration, and temperature fluctuations without losing their bonding ability.
In the automotive industry, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used to enhance the properties of rubber products such as gaskets, seals, and hoses.
These rubber components, often exposed to oils, fuels, and other chemicals, require the added flexibility and resistance to degradation that bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate provides.
By improving the workability and longevity of rubber, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate ensures that these components maintain their performance throughout the life of the vehicle, contributing to its overall safety and reliability.
Furthermore, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate finds use in a variety of medical applications, including the production of flexible medical tubing, blood bags, and intravenous (IV) bags.
In these instances, DEHA is used to enhance the pliability and flexibility of the materials, making them easier to manipulate and less prone to breaking or cracking during use.
This is particularly important in medical devices that come into direct contact with bodily fluids, where flexibility and durability are paramount to ensure safety and ease of use.
In the personal care industry, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is used as an emollient in cosmetics and skincare products, where it improves the texture and spreadability of creams, lotions, and other formulations.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate helps create a smooth and silky feel, making products more pleasant to use, while also acting as a mild solvent that aids in the incorporation of other ingredients.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is also used in the manufacturing of lubricants and hydraulic fluids, particularly in industrial and aerospace applications, where its low volatility and stability at a range of temperatures make it ideal for use in high-performance environments.
In these contexts, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate helps maintain the fluid's consistency and performance, even under extreme pressure or temperature conditions.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate's broad range of uses spans from consumer goods like medical devices and cosmetics to industrial applications such as adhesives, coatings, and lubricants.
Its ability to enhance the flexibility, durability, and performance of materials makes it an essential component in various sectors, though ongoing concerns about its environmental and health impacts continue to drive research into safer alternatives.
Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by intravenous route mildly toxic by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects mutation data reported.
An eye and skin irritant questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is considered persistent in the environment, meaning it does not break down easily and can accumulate in soil and water over time.
When released into the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, DEHA has the potential to affect water quality and wildlife.
Its presence in wastewater or runoff from plastic products containing DEHA can contaminate ecosystems, where it may pose a risk to aquatic life by disrupting reproductive processes or altering habitats.
In aquatic organisms, there are concerns that DEHA could bioaccumulate, leading to long-term exposure through the food chain.
As a result, environmental agencies have been monitoring its effects, and it is a subject of research in terms of how to minimize its ecological impact.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is not classified as highly toxic, prolonged or repeated exposure to it, especially through inhalation or skin contact, may lead to adverse health effects.
Direct skin contact with DEHA, particularly in high concentrations, may cause mild irritation.
This is more of a concern for workers in industries where the substance is handled frequently, such as in plastics manufacturing or the production of rubber products.
Similar to skin contact, DEHA may cause irritation if it comes into contact with the eyes. Prolonged exposure can result in redness, discomfort, or stinging.
here are concerns about the potential for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate to act as an endocrine disruptor, although it is generally considered to be less potent than phthalates in this regard.
Some studies suggest that repeated exposure to DEHA could interfere with hormonal functions, which could potentially lead to developmental or reproductive effects, particularly in high doses or in sensitive populations.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is often considered to have low toxicity, some animal studies have raised concerns about its potential to cause reproductive toxicity or developmental effects when exposure is prolonged or occurs at high concentrations.
There are indications that high exposure could lead to reduced fertility or affect fetal development, although evidence in humans is limited.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is not classified as a carcinogen by major health organizations like the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
However, there is ongoing research into the long-term effects of chemical exposure, and some studies have suggested a potential link between plasticizers and cancer development, particularly in relation to other substances in the same family.
