PRODUCTS

BIS(CHLOROETHYL) ETHER

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

CAS Number: 111-44-4
EC Number: 203-870-1
Chemical Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol

Synonyms: 111-44-4, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER, 2-Chloroethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, DCEE, Chlorex, 1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, Chloroethyl ether, Dichloroether, Khloreks, Clorex, sym-Dichloroethyl ether, Dichloroethyl ether, Dichloroethyl oxide, 1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane, Ether dichlore, BCEE, 2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether, 2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether, Di(2-chloroethyl) ether, Oxyde de chlorethyle, Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide, Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl), Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-, Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter, 2,2'-Dicloroetiletere, 1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane, 2,2'-Dichloorethylether, Rcra waste number U025, 2,2'-dichlorodiethylether, Bis(chloroethyl)ether, 2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether, Caswell No. 309, ENT 4,504, Bis-2-chloroethylether, 1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane), Ether dichlore [French], Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether, bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether, Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether, CCRIS 88, Dicholoroethyl ether, Dichlorodiethyl ether, NSC 406647, Oxyde de chlorethyle [French], beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether, HSDB 502, s-Dichloroethyl ether, Bis(chloroethyl) ether, Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish], 2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch], 2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian], Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-, 2,2-dichlorodiethylether, .beta.,.beta.'-Dichloroethyl ether, EINECS 203-870-1, UN1916, 1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane, RCRA waste no. U025, 2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German], bis (2-chloroethyl) ether, bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029501, BRN 0605317, UNII-6K7D1G5M5N, Di(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether, beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether, Bis(chloroethyl)ether (BCEE), AI3-04504, Bis(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether, 6K7D1G5M5N, beta,beta'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, DTXSID9020168, CHEBI:34573, MFCD00000975, .beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, NSC-406647, 1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane, EC 203-870-1, DTXCID70168, 1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane], CAS-111-44-4, 2-dichlorodiethyl ether, 2-chloroethylether, 2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, Di(chloroethyl) oxide, O(CCCl)CCCl, 2,2'-Diklordietyleter, Oxybis(2-chloroethane), DEE (CHRIS Code), bis-(2chloroethyl)ether, 1-chloromethylmethylether, Ether, bis(chloroethyl), bis-(2-choroethyl)ether, bis (2-chloroethyl)ether, 1-chloromethylmethyl ether, bis(beta-chloroethyl)ether, 2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether, Diethylene glycol dichloride, 2,2'-Dichlor-diethylether, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide, 2-Chloroethyl ether, 99%, WLN: G2O2G, SCHEMBL58439, Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)-, 1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane], MLS002454390, BIDD:ER0300, Ethane,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-, ther bis (chloro-2 thylique), ETHER, DI(CHLOROETHYL), CHEMBL1613350, Ethane, 1,1'oxybis[2-chloro-, AMY9389, beta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis (chloroethyl) ether (BCEE), BIS(2 CHLOROETHYL) ETHER, HMS3039G11, Etano, 1,1'-oxibis [2-cloro-, 1-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-chloroethane, BCP22801, Tox21_202074, Tox21_300514, LS-533, NA1916, NSC406647, STL282719, SYM-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER [MI], 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane, AKOS000118954, 1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane #, BCP9000069, UN 1916, BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER [IARC], BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER [HSDB], NCGC00090856-01, NCGC00090856-02, NCGC00090856-03, NCGC00254256-01, NCGC00259623-01, AS-11884, SMR001372006, B0472, Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether), EN300-19202, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison], 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison], Q-200159, Q2509768, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), Dichloroethyl ether; (1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane), InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H, F0001-0241, bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Second Source, 111-44-4 [RN], 1-Chlor-2-(2-chlorethoxy)ethan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroéthoxy)éthane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, 203-870-1 [EINECS], 2-Chloroethyl ether, 6K7D1G5M5N, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, Bis(chloroethyl) ether [Wiki], ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)-, Ethane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- [ACD/Index Name], MFCD00000975 [MDL number], [111-44-4] [RN], 1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane, 1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane), 1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane], 1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane], 1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane, 1-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane, 1-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy)ethane, 1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane, 1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane, 2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, 2,2`-Dichlordiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dichloorethylether, 2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch], 2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether, 2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German], 2,2'-Dichlordiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison], 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, ß, 2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide, 2,2'-dichlorodiethylether, 2,2-Dichlorodiethylether, 2,2'-dichloroethyl ether, 2,2'-Dicloroetiletere, 2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian], 2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane, 2-ChloroethylEther, 4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein], 92091-28-6 [RN], 93952-02-4 [RN], b,b'-dichlorodiethyl ether, b,b-dichlorodiethyl ether, b,b'-Dichloroethyl Ether, BCEE, Bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl)-d8 Ether, bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (d8), Bis(b-chloroethyl) ether, Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide, Bis(chloroethyl)ether, bis(ß-chloroethyl) ether, bis(β-chloroethyl) ether, Bis(β-chloroethyl) ether, Bis-2-chloroethylether, Chlorex, CHLOROETHYL ETHER, clorex, dcee, Di(2-chloroethyl) ether, Di(b-chloroethyl) ether, Di(chloroethyl) oxide, Di(β-chloroethyl) ether, Di(β-chloroethyl)ether, Dichlorodiethyl ether, dichloroether, '-Dichloroethyl ether, DICHLOROETHYL ETHER, Dichloroethyl oxide, Dicholoroethyl ether, Diethylene glycol dichloride, Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter, Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish], EINECS 203-870-1, Ether dichlore, Ether dichlore [French], ether, bis(2-chloroethyl), Ether, bis(chloroethyl), ETHERBISCHLOROETHYL, G2O2G [WLN], Khloreks, Oxybis(2-chloroethane), Oxyde de chlorethyle, Oxyde de chlorethyle [French], s-Dichloroethyl ether, sym-Dichloroethyl Ether, UN 1916, UNII:6K7D1G5M5N, UNII-6K7D1G5M5N, WLN: G2O2G, β ,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether, β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether, β,β'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, β,β-Dichlorodiethyl ether, β,β'-Dichloroethyl ether, β,β'-Dichloroethyl Ether, β,β-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER, β-chloroethyl ether

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and oils, and as a soil fumigant, wetting agent, cleaning compound and textile finishing agent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether dissolves easily in water, and some of Bis(chloroethyl) ether will slowly evaporate to the air.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is made in factories, and most of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used to make pesticides.
Some of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is denser than water and insoluble in water.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an ether.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

Limited amounts of Bis(chloroethyl) ether dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air.
In the environment, Bis(chloroethyl) ether is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not tend to persist for long periods.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a chemical compound (an ether), which contains two 2-chloroethyl groups.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a clear liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a clear man-made liquid with a strong, fruity smell.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is made by industry and used as a solvent.
Solvents help dissolve other substances.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used to make pesticides and other chemicals.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an obsolete fumigant.
Very little information has been published regarding Bis(chloroethyl) ether environmental fate although Bis(chloroethyl) ether is highly soluble in water.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is highly toxic to mammals and Bis(chloroethyl) ether may be considered to be a neurotoxin.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent and soil fumigant.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether may be used in the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers, dibenzo-18-crown-6 polyether and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 polyether.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a man-made chemical that does not occur naturally.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether dissolves easily in water, and some will slowly evaporate to the air.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is mostly used as an intermediate to make pesticides and other chemicals.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether can also be used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, and rust inhibitor.

In the environment, bis(2-chlorethyl) ether slowly evaporate from surface water and soil into the air.
Because bis(2-chlorethyl) ether dissolves in water, Bis(chloroethyl) ether is removed from the air by rain creating a cycle between water, soil, and air.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not stick strongly to the soil so some may move into the groundwater.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether can be broken down by bacteria in water and soil.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not build up (accumulate) in plants or animals.

Uses of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent, dewaxing agent, wetting agent, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used to control earworms on corn silks; No longer used as a soil fumigant.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in pesticides.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.
Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains Bis(chloroethyl) ether, breathing Bis(chloroethyl) ether vapors, and dermal contact.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent.

In the past, Bis(chloroethyl) ether was used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases, and esters.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether has also been used as a constituent of paints and varnishes, as a cleaning fluid for textiles, and in the purification of oils and gasoline.

Uses at industrial sites:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Bis(chloroethyl) ether can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)

Physical Properties of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
The odor threshold for Bis(chloroethyl) ether is 0.049 ppm.

The chemical formula for Bis(chloroethyl) ether is C4H8Cl2O, and Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a molecular weight of 143.04 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for Bis(chloroethyl) ether is 0.71 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.58.

Reactions and applications of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is less reactive than the corresponding sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.
In the presence of base, Bis(chloroethyl) ether reacts with catechol to form dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether can be used in the synthesis of the cough suppressant fedrilate.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is combined with benzyl cyanide and two molar equivalents of sodamide in a ring-forming reaction.

When treated with strong base, Bis(chloroethyl) ether gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic:
O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O

Sampling Procedures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Air samples containing sym-Bis(chloroethyl) ether are taken with a glass tube, 7 cm x 4 mm ID, containing two sections of activated coconut shell charcoal (front= 100 mg, back= 50 mg) separated by a 2 mm urethane foam plug.
A silylated glass wool plug precedes the front section and a 3 mm urethane foam plug follows the back section.
A sampling pump is connected to this tube and accurately calibrated at a flow rate of 0.01 to 1 l/min for a total sample size of 2 to 15 liters.

Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are best taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of Bis(chloroethyl) ether.

Each measurement should consist of a fifteen (15) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totaling fifteen (15) minutes in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate of the employee's exposure.

EPA Method 625: Grab samples of water in municipal and industrial discharges must be collected in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l or 1 qt fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon, except that the bottles must not be prerinsed with sample before collection.
Fill the sample bottles, and if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well.

All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis.
All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.

Extraction is performed by adding 60 ml of methylene chloride to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking.
The combined extract is then concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.

EPA Method 1625: Collect water samples in municipal and industrial discharges in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l minimum with threaded caps lined with Teflon.
Maintain samples at 0-4 °C from the time of collection until extraction.

If residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg sodium thiosulfate per liter of water.
Extraction is performed by adding methylene chloride to the samples in a continuous liquid-liquid extractor and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Begin sample extraction within seven days of collection, and analyze all extracts within 40 days of extraction.

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of sym-Bis(chloroethyl) ether consists of a stainless steel column, 3 m x 3 mm ID, packed with DMCS Chromosorb W-AW (80/100 mesh) coated with 10% FFAP, with hydrogen-air flame ionization detector, and nitrogen or helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min, is a NIOSH approved method.
A sample injection volume of 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is 100 °C, the injection temperature is 200 °C, and the detection temperature is 250 °C.
This method has an estimated detection limit of 0.01 mg/sample, and a relative standard deviation of 0.007, over a working range of 10 to 270 mg/cu m for a 15 liter air sample.

EPA Method 611: A gas chromatography method for the analysis of haloethers in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 3% SP-1000, with a halide specific detector (electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric), and helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min.
A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is held isothermal at 60 °C for two min after injection then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C and held for four min.
For Bis(chloroethyl) ether the method has a detection limit of 0.3 ug/l and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery +0.36, over a working range of 1.0 to 626 ug/l.

EPA Method 8250: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a detection limit of 5.7 ug/l, a retention time of 8.4 min, and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

EPA Method 8270: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a retention time of 5.82 min and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

Handling and Storage of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Bis(chloroethyl) ether without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Reactivity Profile of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum.

First aid measures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Bis(chloroethyl) ether safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Wear full protective clothing.
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, or dry chemical.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Small fires:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam.

Large fires:
Water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.
Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter Bis(chloroethyl) ether.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire:
Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Firefighting measures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Bis(chloroethyl) ether no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical.

If material is on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving Bis(chloroethyl) ether.

Accidental Release Measures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Isolation and Evacuation:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood).
Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork.

Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be reclaimed.

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit.
Ventilation.

Remove all ignition sources.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
CAS Number: 111-44-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:34573
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1613350
ChemSpider: 21106016
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.519
EC Number: 203-870-1
KEGG: C14688
PubChem CID: 8115
RTECS number: KN0875000
UNII: 6K7D1G5M5N
UN number: 1916
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020168
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: ClCCOCCCl

CAS number: 111-44-4
EC index number: 603-029-00-2
EC number: 203-870-1
Hill Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂O
Chemical formula: (ClCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90

Synonym(s): Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Linear Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Molecular Weight: 143.01
Beilstein: 605317
EC Number: 203-870-1
MDL number: MFCD00000975
PubChem Substance ID: 24892662
NACRES: NA.22

Boiling point: 177 - 178 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)
Flash point: 55.0 °C
Ignition temperature: 365 °C
Melting Point: -47.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.95 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Properties of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Chemical formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molar mass: 143.01 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Chlorinated, solvent-like
Density: 1.22 g/mL
Melting point: −50 °C; −58 °F; 223 K
Boiling point: 178 °C; 352 °F; 451 K decomposes
Solubility in water: 10,200 mg/L
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)

vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.456 (lit.)
bp: 65-67 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −47 °C (lit.)
density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: ClCCOCCCl
InChI: 1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
InChI key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 143.01 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 28.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.218 - 1.219
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Sulfur mustard
Nitrogen mustard
2-Bromoethyl ether

Names of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Regulatory process names:
2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL ETHER
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-

Translated names:
2,2’-Dichlor-diethylether (de)
bi(2-cloretil) eter (ro)
bis(2-chloorethyl)ether (nl)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (cs)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (da)
bis(2-chloretil)eteris (lt)
bis(2-chloroéthyl)éther (fr)
bis(2-chlóretyl)éter (sk)
bis(2-cloroetile) etere (it)
bis(2-kloorietyyli)eetteri (fi)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (no)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (sv)
bis(2-kloroetil) eter (sl)
bis(2-kloroetil)-eter (hr)
bis(2-kloroetüül)eeter (et)
bisz(2-klóretil)-éter (hu)
eter bis(2-chloroetylowy) eter 2,2'-dichlorodietylowy (pl)
eteru tal-bis(2-kloroetil) (mt)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (es)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (pt)
δις(2-χλωροαιθυλ)αιθέρας (el)
бис(2-хлорoетил) етер (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

Other names:
Oxygen mustard;
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Chlore
Khloreks
DCEE
2-Chloroethyl ether
1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroethane]

Other identifiers:
111-44-4
603-029-00-2
92091-28-6