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DESCRIPTION
BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is a synthetic ester commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is derived from adipic acid, diglycerin, and fatty acids.
This ingredient functions primarily as an emollient, providing a smooth, non-greasy texture to formulations.
BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE- enhances the spreadability and feel of products, making it a popular choice for lipsticks, lip balms, and other makeup items.
Cas Number: 104-85-8
SYNONYMS
Diglyceryl Polyacyladipate-2,Bis-Diglyceryl Adipate-2, BIS-DGPA-2
Overview of the Compound: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is a chemical compound predominantly used in cosmetic formulations as an emulsifier and stabilizer.
It functions as a surfactant, helping to blend oil and water-based ingredients together to create stable emulsions.
The compound is a modified glycerol derivative and is often used in skin-care products due to its ability to improve texture and enhance the feel of formulations.
Importance and Relevance in Industrial and Cosmetic
Applications: The compound is widely utilized in the cosmetic industry, especially in formulations like creams, lotions, and sunscreens.
It is valued for its ability to stabilize emulsions and improve the consistency and spreadability of the product.
Additionally, it is less likely to irritate the skin compared to harsher synthetic emulsifiers, making it an attractive option for sensitive skin formulations.
Summary of its Chemical Structure and Properties: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 consists of two glycerol molecules linked to polyacid chains.
These fatty acid chains (usually derived from adipic acid or similar compounds) can vary, allowing the compound to possess different hydrophilic and lipophilic properties based on the specific formulation.
The structure gives it the ability to form stable emulsions, where water and oil phases can coexist without separating.
Chemical Structure and Properties
Detailed Molecular Structure: The chemical structure of BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 features two glycerol (diglyceride) molecules attached to long polyacid chains.
These polyacid chains are typically esterified with fatty acids or adipic acid derivatives.
The ester linkage between the glycerol backbone and the fatty acids helps the compound to behave as an emulsifier.
The molecular formula and exact bonding structure are important for understanding the compound’s behavior in different environments (such as varying temperatures or pH).
Functional Groups Present in BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2:
Ester groups (-COO) are a key feature of this compound, contributing to its surfactant properties.
Hydroxyl groups (-OH) from the glycerol backbone are hydrophilic, promoting water interaction.
Alkyl chains (from fatty acids or adipic acid derivatives) are hydrophobic and provide the lipophilic nature necessary for oil-phase compatibility.
Solubility, Stability, and Reactivity:
Solubility: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is soluble in both water and oil, depending on the presence of solubilizing agents, making it versatile for various formulations.
Stability: The compound is stable under standard storage conditions but may degrade under high temperatures or extreme pH.
Its shelf life in products is typically around 1-2 years.
Reactivity: It is generally chemically inert in formulations but can undergo hydrolysis in highly alkaline or acidic environments.
Physical Properties: The compound is usually a pale yellow or white solid or viscous liquid at room temperature, depending on the exact formulation.
Its melting point ranges from 40°C to 60°C, depending on the degree of esterification and molecular weight.
It exhibits low volatility and is non-volatile, which helps preserve the integrity of cosmetic formulations.
Synthesis of BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2
Chemical Synthesis Routes: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is synthesized through an esterification reaction.
The process involves reacting glycerol with adipic acid or another polyacid, followed by esterification with fatty acids.
The reaction typically takes place under mild conditions using a catalyst (such as an acid catalyst or a metal chloride) to promote the esterification.
The reaction can be controlled to produce a mixture of mono-, di-, and poly-glycerides.
Catalysts and Reagents Used:
Acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid are commonly used to facilitate esterification.
Metal catalysts like zinc chloride may also be used to increase the reaction rate.
In some cases, enzymes can be used for more selective esterification in green chemistry applications.
Reaction Conditions and Steps Involved: The esterification process involves heating glycerol and the polyacid (adipic acid or another fatty acid) in the presence of an acid catalyst.
The reaction is typically carried out at temperatures ranging from 150°C to 200°C under anhydrous conditions.
After the reaction, the product is purified by distillation or washing to remove excess reagents and by-products, yielding the desired bis-diglyceryl polyacyladipate compound.
Purification Methods and Yield Optimization: Purification involves methods like solvent extraction, crystallization, and filtration to remove unreacted starting materials and by-products.
The final yield is typically high, around 85-95%, depending on the process efficiency and scale.
The purification step is crucial to ensuring that the final product is free from contaminants that could affect its performance in formulations.
Mechanism of Action
Role as an Emulsifier and Stabilizer: As an emulsifier, BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 stabilizes emulsions by reducing the surface tension between water and oil phases.
Its amphiphilic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts) allows it to form a stable interfacial layer, preventing phase separation in formulations.
This is essential in cosmetics, where long-term stability and uniformity are required.
Interaction with Skin and Its Effects in Cosmetic Formulations: In cosmetic formulations, this compound interacts with the skin by forming a thin layer that helps to retain moisture.
It also enhances the spreadability of the product, allowing it to be easily applied and absorbed by the skin.
Its ability to reduce the surface tension of the skin helps improve the penetration of active ingredients.
Mechanism of Action as a Surfactant in Water-Oil Emulsions: In a water-oil emulsion, BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 acts as a surfactant, orienting itself at the interface between the water and oil phases.
Its hydrophilic glycerol backbone interacts with the water phase, while the hydrophobic fatty acid chains interact with the oil phase, creating a stable emulsion.
This prevents the oil and water from separating and maintains the stability of the product over time.
Applications of BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2
In Cosmetic and Skincare Products: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is primarily used in emulsions for skincare products like moisturizers, sunscreens, and anti-aging creams.
Its ability to stabilize emulsions and improve the texture of products makes it a go-to ingredient in high-end skincare products.
It is often included in formulations for sensitive skin due to its mild nature.
Industrial Applications: Beyond cosmetics, BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is used in pharmaceutical formulations, where it can help stabilize drug delivery systems or enhance the absorption of topically applied active ingredients. It may also find applications in the food industry as a stabilizing agent in products that require emulsification, such as salad dressings or sauces.
Advantages Over Other Emulsifiers: Compared to traditional synthetic emulsifiers, BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 offers a more skin-friendly profile, reduced irritation potential, and enhanced biodegradability.
It is often preferred in "green" formulations due to its natural-derived ingredients and minimal environmental impact.
Specific Examples of Products Using This Compound: Common products include sunscreens that require a stable oil-water balance, moisturizers, lotions, and anti-aging serums.
Brands focusing on sensitive skin products (like those targeting eczema or rosacea) often include this emulsifier for its gentle properties.
Environmental Impact
Biodegradability and Eco-toxicity: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, with a degradation rate that meets the standards for environmental safety.
It is considered a relatively eco-friendly compound compared to more synthetic alternatives.
Environmental Persistence and Fate: The compound is not persistent in the environment and is unlikely to accumulate in soil or water bodies in significant quantities.
It degrades into smaller, non-toxic molecules when exposed to natural environmental conditions.
Efforts to Create More Eco-friendly Alternatives: Ongoing research in the cosmetic industry is focusing on improving the biodegradability and sustainability of emulsifiers.
Efforts are being made to replace petroleum-derived fatty acids with more sustainable plant-based options.
Market Trends and Future Prospects
Trends in the Cosmetic Industry for Emulsifiers: There is an increasing demand for natural and sustainable ingredients in the cosmetic market.
Consumers are looking for safer, non-toxic alternatives, and emulsifiers like BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 fit this trend due to their mildness and biodegradability.
Market Demand and Commercial Significance: The cosmetic market is experiencing strong growth, particularly in regions focusing on natural and organic skincare. BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is becoming a key ingredient for brands catering to consumers who are environmentally conscious and seek high-quality, gentle skincare products.
Research and Development in Improving the Compound's Efficiency or Creating Alternatives: Researchers are exploring ways to enhance the performance of this emulsifier by modifying the fatty acid chains or glycerol backbone.
Future developments may focus on increasing its efficiency in stabilizing emulsions at lower concentrations or improving its texture.
Summary of Key Points: BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2 is an effective emulsifier with broad applications in cosmetics and skincare.
It is valued for its mildness, stability, and biodegradability.
The compound plays a key role in the development of stable emulsions, enhancing the texture and performance of formulations.
Future Directions for Research: Future studies may explore optimizing the synthesis process, investigating new sustainable raw materials, and improving performance characteristics.
Research into its long-term environmental impact and further safety testing will also be key areas of focus.
Potential Challenges and Innovations: Challenges include creating more cost-effective production methods while maintaining the compound's performance.
Innovation in green chemistry and more sustainable alternatives will likely drive future developments in the use of emulsifiers like BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BIS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
